Grapevine rootstocks under water deficit: biomass, biochemical, and gas exchange attributes

ABSTRACT Water resources used for irrigation should be managed using technologies that improve water use efficiency, mainly in semiarid regions. Using drought-tolerant rootstocks is a strategy to handle this challenge. The objective of this study was to select suitable grapevine rootstocks for cultivation in semiarid regions based on their biomass, biochemical, and gas exchange attributes. The experiment was conducted at the Bebedouro Experimental Field of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA Semiarid), in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. Rootstocks from grapevine plants of the cultivars Paulsen 1103, SO4, IAC 313, IAC 572, IAC 766, Ramsey, and 101-14 MgT were subjected to three irrigation water depths (100%, 50%, and 20% ET0). A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used, in a split-plot arrangement consisting of irrigation water depths in the plots and rootstocks in the subplots. Biochemical, biomass, and gas exchange attributes were assessed for selecting the best rootstocks regarding tolerance to drought using multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance. The rootstocks IAC 313 and IAC 766 presented the highest root proline synthesis; IAC 766 presented better result for leaf sucrose synthesis; and Paulsen 1103 presented the highest leaf proline synthesis and carotenoid contents, as well as total chlorophyll-to-carotenoid ratio. IAC 313, IAC 766, and Paulsen 1103 presented better performance regarding the studied characteristics and, therefore, are suitable for growing grapevine crops in the Lower Middle São Francisco Valley, mainly under water deficit conditions. RESUMO Os recursos hídricos, especialmente em regiões semiáridas, devem ser utilizados com o emprego de tecnologias que permitam aumentar a eficiência e uso da água para irrigação. Uma estratégia para lidar com esse problema é o uso de porta-enxertos tolerantes à seca. Com o objetivo de selecionar porta-enxertos de videira adequados para o cultivo em regiões semiáridas, com base na biomassa, variáveis bioquímicas e nas trocas gasosas, o experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro, pertencente à Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina-PE. Foram utilizados os portaenxertos ‘Paulsen1103’, ‘SO4’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, ‘Ramsey’ e ‘101-14 MgT’ submetidos a três lâminas de irrigação (100, 50 e 20% da ETo). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em parcelas subdivididas, com a par