Ultrasound pretreatment as an alternative to improve essential oils extraction
Essential oils are substances originated from plants in general. These compounds are well known to have a high biological activity, specially the antioxidant and antimicrobial. Several extraction techniques are employed to obtain these substances. However, the majority of these techniques require a...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Ciência rural 2017, Vol.47 (9) |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Essential oils are substances originated from plants in general. These compounds are well known to have a high biological activity, specially the antioxidant and antimicrobial. Several extraction techniques are employed to obtain these substances. However, the majority of these techniques require a long extraction time. In this sense, innovative and alternative extraction techniques, such as ultrasound, have recently been the target of studies. In view of the small amount of publications using ultrasonic pretreatment, this review aimed to congregate current relevant information on ultrasound-assisted extraction of essential oils. In this sense, theoretical aspects, such as the main factors that influence the performance of this technique as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the use of ultrasound as an environmental friendly alternative technique to improve the extraction of essential oil in comparison to traditional methods, are shown. Considering the available studies in the literature on essential oil extraction using ultrasonic pretreatment, low frequencies ranged from 20 to 50kWz and times ranged from 20 to 40min were used. The use of ultrasonic pretreatment represents a time reduction to near 70% in relation to the conventional hydrodistillation. Also, these conditions enabled a growth in the extraction of bioactive compounds and consequently improving the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils.
RESUMO: Óleos essenciais são substâncias originadas de plantas em geral. Estes compostos são bem conhecidos por apresentarem elevada atividade biológica, especialmente atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana. A fim de obter estas substâncias, são utilizadas várias técnicas de extração. A maioria destas técnicas é caracterizada por requererem um elevado tempo de processo. Neste sentido, a aplicação do ultrassom como uma técnica alternativa tem sido alvo de estudos, ganhando destaque nos últimos anos. Tendo em vista a pequena quantidade de publicações utilizando ultrassom previamente a extração, este trabalho visa reunir as atuais informações relevantes sobre a extração de óleo essencial empregando ultrassom como pré-tratamento. Além disso, aspectos teóricos como os principais fatores que influenciam o desempenho deste método e as vantagens e desvantagens do uso do ultrassom como uma alternativa para melhorar a extração de óleos essenciais de forma mais ambientalmente amigável em comparação com os métodos tradicionais são mostrados. |
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ISSN: | 0103-8478 1678-4596 0103-8478 1678-4596 |
DOI: | 10.1590/0103-8478cr20170173 |