Variable stiffness and fast-response soft structures based on electrorheological fluids
Soft robots have drawn a lot of attention due to their soft materials that make them highly flexible and adaptable to complex environments. However, these also make soft robots not suited to high-load tasks, and achieving controllable material stiffness variation is still a challenge. Herein, we des...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices Materials for optical and electronic devices, 2023-09, Vol.11 (35), p.11842-1185 |
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| container_title | Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices |
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| creator | Jing, Huilan Hua, Letian Long, Fei Lv, Bojin Wang, Bing Zhang, Hewen Fan, Xunye Zheng, Hongru Chu, Chengyi Xu, Gaojie Guo, Jianjun Sun, Aihua Cheng, Yuchuan |
| description | Soft robots have drawn a lot of attention due to their soft materials that make them highly flexible and adaptable to complex environments. However, these also make soft robots not suited to high-load tasks, and achieving controllable material stiffness variation is still a challenge. Herein, we designed a soft structure with variable stiffness based on electrorheological fluids, which presented the advantages of continuously variable stiffness and fast response. The structure exhibited a stiffness of up to 1065 mN mm
−1
when the electric field strength was 4.5 kV mm
−1
(displacement of 1 mm). When varying the electric field strength (0 to 4.5 kV mm
−1
), the rate of stiffness variation was over 1500%. According to the load cycle experiments, it was shown that the structure's response time to a change in load was less than 65 ms, and that the structure changes could be made repeatedly. In addition, we demonstrated the functions of stiffness adjustment, shape memory, and motion locking of the structure. This work has potential applications in the fields of soft robotics and artificial muscles.
A soft structure with continuously variable stiffness and fast response was designed. Varying the electric field strength (0 to 4.5 kV mm
−1
), the rate of stiffness variation is over 1500%. The response time to load change is within 65 ms. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1039/d3tc01563g |
| format | Article |
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−1
when the electric field strength was 4.5 kV mm
−1
(displacement of 1 mm). When varying the electric field strength (0 to 4.5 kV mm
−1
), the rate of stiffness variation was over 1500%. According to the load cycle experiments, it was shown that the structure's response time to a change in load was less than 65 ms, and that the structure changes could be made repeatedly. In addition, we demonstrated the functions of stiffness adjustment, shape memory, and motion locking of the structure. This work has potential applications in the fields of soft robotics and artificial muscles.
A soft structure with continuously variable stiffness and fast response was designed. Varying the electric field strength (0 to 4.5 kV mm
−1
), the rate of stiffness variation is over 1500%. The response time to load change is within 65 ms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2050-7526</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2050-7534</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/d3tc01563g</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry</publisher><subject>Artificial muscles ; Continuously variable ; Controllability ; Electric field strength ; Electric fields ; Electrorheological fluids ; Robots ; Shape memory ; Soft robotics ; Stiffness</subject><ispartof>Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices, 2023-09, Vol.11 (35), p.11842-1185</ispartof><rights>Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c317t-f3e25ac120dd3e8af28985f886ebf960d49854b7004c8a11b3aa6940d2498cb23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c317t-f3e25ac120dd3e8af28985f886ebf960d49854b7004c8a11b3aa6940d2498cb23</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2451-4009 ; 0000-0002-3001-9373 ; 0000-0002-4169-565X ; 0000-0002-5840-744X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jing, Huilan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hua, Letian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Long, Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lv, Bojin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Bing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hewen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Xunye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Hongru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chu, Chengyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Gaojie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jianjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Aihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Yuchuan</creatorcontrib><title>Variable stiffness and fast-response soft structures based on electrorheological fluids</title><title>Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices</title><description>Soft robots have drawn a lot of attention due to their soft materials that make them highly flexible and adaptable to complex environments. However, these also make soft robots not suited to high-load tasks, and achieving controllable material stiffness variation is still a challenge. Herein, we designed a soft structure with variable stiffness based on electrorheological fluids, which presented the advantages of continuously variable stiffness and fast response. The structure exhibited a stiffness of up to 1065 mN mm
−1
when the electric field strength was 4.5 kV mm
−1
(displacement of 1 mm). When varying the electric field strength (0 to 4.5 kV mm
−1
), the rate of stiffness variation was over 1500%. According to the load cycle experiments, it was shown that the structure's response time to a change in load was less than 65 ms, and that the structure changes could be made repeatedly. In addition, we demonstrated the functions of stiffness adjustment, shape memory, and motion locking of the structure. This work has potential applications in the fields of soft robotics and artificial muscles.
A soft structure with continuously variable stiffness and fast response was designed. Varying the electric field strength (0 to 4.5 kV mm
−1
), the rate of stiffness variation is over 1500%. The response time to load change is within 65 ms.</description><subject>Artificial muscles</subject><subject>Continuously variable</subject><subject>Controllability</subject><subject>Electric field strength</subject><subject>Electric fields</subject><subject>Electrorheological fluids</subject><subject>Robots</subject><subject>Shape memory</subject><subject>Soft robotics</subject><subject>Stiffness</subject><issn>2050-7526</issn><issn>2050-7534</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkEtLAzEUhYMoWGo37oWAO2E0j0maLKVqFQpuqi6HTB51yjipuZmF_95opd7NfZyPc-EgdE7JNSVc3zieLaFC8s0RmjAiSDUXvD4-zEyeohnAlpRSVCqpJ-jt1aTOtL3HkLsQBg-AzeBwMJCr5GEXByhaDLkAabR5LEfcGvAOxwH73tucYnr3sY-bzpoeh37sHJyhk2B68LO_PkUvD_frxWO1el4-LW5XleV0nqvAPRPGUkac416ZwJRWIiglfRu0JK4ua93OCamtMpS23Bipa-JYEWzL-BRd7n13KX6OHnKzjWMaysuGKVkLobX8oa72lE0RIPnQ7FL3YdJXQ0nzk11zx9eL3-yWBb7YwwnsgfvPln8DExdr8w</recordid><startdate>20230914</startdate><enddate>20230914</enddate><creator>Jing, Huilan</creator><creator>Hua, Letian</creator><creator>Long, Fei</creator><creator>Lv, Bojin</creator><creator>Wang, Bing</creator><creator>Zhang, Hewen</creator><creator>Fan, Xunye</creator><creator>Zheng, Hongru</creator><creator>Chu, Chengyi</creator><creator>Xu, Gaojie</creator><creator>Guo, Jianjun</creator><creator>Sun, Aihua</creator><creator>Cheng, Yuchuan</creator><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-4009</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3001-9373</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-565X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-744X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230914</creationdate><title>Variable stiffness and fast-response soft structures based on electrorheological fluids</title><author>Jing, Huilan ; Hua, Letian ; Long, Fei ; Lv, Bojin ; Wang, Bing ; Zhang, Hewen ; Fan, Xunye ; Zheng, Hongru ; Chu, Chengyi ; Xu, Gaojie ; Guo, Jianjun ; Sun, Aihua ; Cheng, Yuchuan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c317t-f3e25ac120dd3e8af28985f886ebf960d49854b7004c8a11b3aa6940d2498cb23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Artificial muscles</topic><topic>Continuously variable</topic><topic>Controllability</topic><topic>Electric field strength</topic><topic>Electric fields</topic><topic>Electrorheological fluids</topic><topic>Robots</topic><topic>Shape memory</topic><topic>Soft robotics</topic><topic>Stiffness</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jing, Huilan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hua, Letian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Long, Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lv, Bojin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Bing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hewen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Xunye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Hongru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chu, Chengyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Gaojie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jianjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Aihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Yuchuan</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jing, Huilan</au><au>Hua, Letian</au><au>Long, Fei</au><au>Lv, Bojin</au><au>Wang, Bing</au><au>Zhang, Hewen</au><au>Fan, Xunye</au><au>Zheng, Hongru</au><au>Chu, Chengyi</au><au>Xu, Gaojie</au><au>Guo, Jianjun</au><au>Sun, Aihua</au><au>Cheng, Yuchuan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Variable stiffness and fast-response soft structures based on electrorheological fluids</atitle><jtitle>Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices</jtitle><date>2023-09-14</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>35</issue><spage>11842</spage><epage>1185</epage><pages>11842-1185</pages><issn>2050-7526</issn><eissn>2050-7534</eissn><abstract>Soft robots have drawn a lot of attention due to their soft materials that make them highly flexible and adaptable to complex environments. However, these also make soft robots not suited to high-load tasks, and achieving controllable material stiffness variation is still a challenge. Herein, we designed a soft structure with variable stiffness based on electrorheological fluids, which presented the advantages of continuously variable stiffness and fast response. The structure exhibited a stiffness of up to 1065 mN mm
−1
when the electric field strength was 4.5 kV mm
−1
(displacement of 1 mm). When varying the electric field strength (0 to 4.5 kV mm
−1
), the rate of stiffness variation was over 1500%. According to the load cycle experiments, it was shown that the structure's response time to a change in load was less than 65 ms, and that the structure changes could be made repeatedly. In addition, we demonstrated the functions of stiffness adjustment, shape memory, and motion locking of the structure. This work has potential applications in the fields of soft robotics and artificial muscles.
A soft structure with continuously variable stiffness and fast response was designed. Varying the electric field strength (0 to 4.5 kV mm
−1
), the rate of stiffness variation is over 1500%. The response time to load change is within 65 ms.</abstract><cop>Cambridge</cop><pub>Royal Society of Chemistry</pub><doi>10.1039/d3tc01563g</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-4009</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3001-9373</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-565X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-744X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 2050-7526 |
| ispartof | Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices, 2023-09, Vol.11 (35), p.11842-1185 |
| issn | 2050-7526 2050-7534 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_rsc_primary_d3tc01563g |
| source | Royal Society Of Chemistry Journals |
| subjects | Artificial muscles Continuously variable Controllability Electric field strength Electric fields Electrorheological fluids Robots Shape memory Soft robotics Stiffness |
| title | Variable stiffness and fast-response soft structures based on electrorheological fluids |
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