Development of a nano-QSAR model for predicting the toxicity of nano-metal oxide mixtures to

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) have various applications, including cosmetics, detergents, and antibacterial agents, owing to their unique physicochemical properties. MONPs are often mixed and used in products and exist together through various exposure routes in the environment. Toxicity can occur between chemicals at no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) by the cocktail effect ( e.g. , addition, synergism, potentiation), but a definitive toxic assessment for the nanoparticles is still lacking. There have been several studies on nano quantitative structure-activity relationships (nano-QSAR), but the calculations of the descriptors (