Physicochemical characterization of particulate matter in a cement production plant
Employees working in cement production plants are exposed to airborne particulate matter (PM) which may lead to lung function impairments and airway symptoms. The PM consists of raw materials, clinker and additives which vary depending on cement blend. The aim of this work was to characterize the th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science--processes & impacts 2022-08, Vol.24 (8), p.1243-1256 |
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| creator | Ervik, Torunn K Eriksen Hammer, Stine Notø, Hilde Ellingsen, Dag G Thomassen, Yngvar Weinbruch, Stephan Benker, Nathalie Berlinger, Balazs |
| description | Employees working in cement production plants are exposed to airborne particulate matter (PM) which may lead to lung function impairments and airway symptoms. The PM consists of raw materials, clinker and additives which vary depending on cement blend. The aim of this work was to characterize the thoracic fraction of PM with regard to size, phase composition and mixing state. Both stationary and personal impactors were used to collect size-fractionated samples in a cement production plant in Norway. Stationary samples were measured with aerosol particle counters and collected with a 13-stage cascade impactor, which were stationed at three locations of the cement production plant: at the raw meal mill, clinker conveyor belt and cement mill. Sioutas cascade impactors, and thoracic and respirable dust samplers were used in parallel for personal sampling. Additionally, particles for electron microscopy were collected with the stationary cascade impactor for size-fractionated single particle characterization. Gravimetric measurements and element compositions of the samples from the stationary impactors show that the PM mass is dominated by calcium-rich particles of size >1 μm. The size distribution results of stationary and personal impactors were similar. Characterization of single particles reveals that limestone is the dominating material in the raw meal mill, whereas clinker and limestone dominate at the clinker conveyor belt and at the cement mill. The element composition of clinker PM did not change with particle size. The PM collected on impactor stages with aerodynamic diameter cut-offs below 0.56 μm was dominated by soot and volatile secondary particles at the three locations. The number of ultrafine particles of the cement related compounds was low. Air concentrations of PM in personal respirable and thoracic samples ranged from 0.14-10 mg m
−3
to 0.37-9.5 mg m
−3
, respectively. Considerable local variations exist, both in composition and air concentration of the PM.
Characterization of particulate matter with regards to size distribution, phase composition and mixing state at various locations at a cement plant. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1039/d2em00139j |
| format | Article |
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−3
to 0.37-9.5 mg m
−3
, respectively. Considerable local variations exist, both in composition and air concentration of the PM.
Characterization of particulate matter with regards to size distribution, phase composition and mixing state at various locations at a cement plant.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2050-7887</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2050-7895</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/d2em00139j</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry</publisher><subject>Additives ; Airborne particulates ; Belt conveyors ; Cement ; Clinker ; Diameters ; Electron microscopy ; Impactors ; Limestone ; Particle counters ; Particulate emissions ; Particulate matter ; Phase composition ; Radiation counters ; Raw materials ; Respiratory function ; Samplers ; Size distribution ; Soot ; Thorax ; Ultrafines</subject><ispartof>Environmental science--processes & impacts, 2022-08, Vol.24 (8), p.1243-1256</ispartof><rights>Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c321t-2d382cf37ad6d9fd1b699d5e7c9b2c5b65b7fff268cf04c6937696b8c6d4b1693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c321t-2d382cf37ad6d9fd1b699d5e7c9b2c5b65b7fff268cf04c6937696b8c6d4b1693</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9405-4346 ; 0000-0003-4791-1269 ; 0000-0002-7632-9764</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ervik, Torunn K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eriksen Hammer, Stine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Notø, Hilde</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ellingsen, Dag G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomassen, Yngvar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weinbruch, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benker, Nathalie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berlinger, Balazs</creatorcontrib><title>Physicochemical characterization of particulate matter in a cement production plant</title><title>Environmental science--processes & impacts</title><description>Employees working in cement production plants are exposed to airborne particulate matter (PM) which may lead to lung function impairments and airway symptoms. The PM consists of raw materials, clinker and additives which vary depending on cement blend. The aim of this work was to characterize the thoracic fraction of PM with regard to size, phase composition and mixing state. Both stationary and personal impactors were used to collect size-fractionated samples in a cement production plant in Norway. Stationary samples were measured with aerosol particle counters and collected with a 13-stage cascade impactor, which were stationed at three locations of the cement production plant: at the raw meal mill, clinker conveyor belt and cement mill. Sioutas cascade impactors, and thoracic and respirable dust samplers were used in parallel for personal sampling. Additionally, particles for electron microscopy were collected with the stationary cascade impactor for size-fractionated single particle characterization. Gravimetric measurements and element compositions of the samples from the stationary impactors show that the PM mass is dominated by calcium-rich particles of size >1 μm. The size distribution results of stationary and personal impactors were similar. Characterization of single particles reveals that limestone is the dominating material in the raw meal mill, whereas clinker and limestone dominate at the clinker conveyor belt and at the cement mill. The element composition of clinker PM did not change with particle size. The PM collected on impactor stages with aerodynamic diameter cut-offs below 0.56 μm was dominated by soot and volatile secondary particles at the three locations. The number of ultrafine particles of the cement related compounds was low. Air concentrations of PM in personal respirable and thoracic samples ranged from 0.14-10 mg m
−3
to 0.37-9.5 mg m
−3
, respectively. Considerable local variations exist, both in composition and air concentration of the PM.
Characterization of particulate matter with regards to size distribution, phase composition and mixing state at various locations at a cement plant.</description><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Airborne particulates</subject><subject>Belt conveyors</subject><subject>Cement</subject><subject>Clinker</subject><subject>Diameters</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Impactors</subject><subject>Limestone</subject><subject>Particle counters</subject><subject>Particulate emissions</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Phase composition</subject><subject>Radiation counters</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Respiratory function</subject><subject>Samplers</subject><subject>Size distribution</subject><subject>Soot</subject><subject>Thorax</subject><subject>Ultrafines</subject><issn>2050-7887</issn><issn>2050-7895</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpd0UtLAzEQB_AgCpbai3dhwYsIq3lsspuj1PqioqCel-wkoVv2ZZI91E9vbKWCuWSG_Bj-TBA6JfiKYCavNTUtxoTJ9QGaUMxxmheSH-7rIj9GM-_XOJ6Ck4KLCXp7XW18DT2sTFuDahJYKacgGFd_qVD3XdLbZFAu1DA2KpikVSE-JnWXqARMa7qQDK7XI2zx0KgunKAjqxpvZr_3FH3cLd7nD-ny5f5xfrNMgVESUqpZQcGyXGmhpdWkElJqbnKQFQVeCV7l1loqCrA4AyFZLqSoChA6q0hsp-hiNzcG-ByND2VbezBNzGD60ZdUyCwjXGYi0vN_dN2ProvpSppjlknBCxzV5U6B6713xpaDq1vlNiXB5c-Ky1u6eN6u-Cnisx12Hvbu7wvYN_7oeME</recordid><startdate>20220817</startdate><enddate>20220817</enddate><creator>Ervik, Torunn K</creator><creator>Eriksen Hammer, Stine</creator><creator>Notø, Hilde</creator><creator>Ellingsen, Dag G</creator><creator>Thomassen, Yngvar</creator><creator>Weinbruch, Stephan</creator><creator>Benker, Nathalie</creator><creator>Berlinger, Balazs</creator><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9405-4346</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4791-1269</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-9764</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220817</creationdate><title>Physicochemical characterization of particulate matter in a cement production plant</title><author>Ervik, Torunn K ; Eriksen Hammer, Stine ; Notø, Hilde ; Ellingsen, Dag G ; Thomassen, Yngvar ; Weinbruch, Stephan ; Benker, Nathalie ; Berlinger, Balazs</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c321t-2d382cf37ad6d9fd1b699d5e7c9b2c5b65b7fff268cf04c6937696b8c6d4b1693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Additives</topic><topic>Airborne particulates</topic><topic>Belt conveyors</topic><topic>Cement</topic><topic>Clinker</topic><topic>Diameters</topic><topic>Electron microscopy</topic><topic>Impactors</topic><topic>Limestone</topic><topic>Particle counters</topic><topic>Particulate emissions</topic><topic>Particulate matter</topic><topic>Phase composition</topic><topic>Radiation counters</topic><topic>Raw materials</topic><topic>Respiratory function</topic><topic>Samplers</topic><topic>Size distribution</topic><topic>Soot</topic><topic>Thorax</topic><topic>Ultrafines</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ervik, Torunn K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eriksen Hammer, Stine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Notø, Hilde</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ellingsen, Dag G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomassen, Yngvar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weinbruch, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benker, Nathalie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berlinger, Balazs</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science--processes & impacts</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ervik, Torunn K</au><au>Eriksen Hammer, Stine</au><au>Notø, Hilde</au><au>Ellingsen, Dag G</au><au>Thomassen, Yngvar</au><au>Weinbruch, Stephan</au><au>Benker, Nathalie</au><au>Berlinger, Balazs</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Physicochemical characterization of particulate matter in a cement production plant</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science--processes & impacts</jtitle><date>2022-08-17</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1243</spage><epage>1256</epage><pages>1243-1256</pages><issn>2050-7887</issn><eissn>2050-7895</eissn><abstract>Employees working in cement production plants are exposed to airborne particulate matter (PM) which may lead to lung function impairments and airway symptoms. The PM consists of raw materials, clinker and additives which vary depending on cement blend. The aim of this work was to characterize the thoracic fraction of PM with regard to size, phase composition and mixing state. Both stationary and personal impactors were used to collect size-fractionated samples in a cement production plant in Norway. Stationary samples were measured with aerosol particle counters and collected with a 13-stage cascade impactor, which were stationed at three locations of the cement production plant: at the raw meal mill, clinker conveyor belt and cement mill. Sioutas cascade impactors, and thoracic and respirable dust samplers were used in parallel for personal sampling. Additionally, particles for electron microscopy were collected with the stationary cascade impactor for size-fractionated single particle characterization. Gravimetric measurements and element compositions of the samples from the stationary impactors show that the PM mass is dominated by calcium-rich particles of size >1 μm. The size distribution results of stationary and personal impactors were similar. Characterization of single particles reveals that limestone is the dominating material in the raw meal mill, whereas clinker and limestone dominate at the clinker conveyor belt and at the cement mill. The element composition of clinker PM did not change with particle size. The PM collected on impactor stages with aerodynamic diameter cut-offs below 0.56 μm was dominated by soot and volatile secondary particles at the three locations. The number of ultrafine particles of the cement related compounds was low. Air concentrations of PM in personal respirable and thoracic samples ranged from 0.14-10 mg m
−3
to 0.37-9.5 mg m
−3
, respectively. Considerable local variations exist, both in composition and air concentration of the PM.
Characterization of particulate matter with regards to size distribution, phase composition and mixing state at various locations at a cement plant.</abstract><cop>Cambridge</cop><pub>Royal Society of Chemistry</pub><doi>10.1039/d2em00139j</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9405-4346</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4791-1269</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-9764</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science--processes & impacts, 2022-08, Vol.24 (8), p.1243-1256 |
| issn | 2050-7887 2050-7895 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Royal Society Of Chemistry Journals 2008- |
| subjects | Additives Airborne particulates Belt conveyors Cement Clinker Diameters Electron microscopy Impactors Limestone Particle counters Particulate emissions Particulate matter Phase composition Radiation counters Raw materials Respiratory function Samplers Size distribution Soot Thorax Ultrafines |
| title | Physicochemical characterization of particulate matter in a cement production plant |
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