Membrane technologies in toilet urine treatment for toilet urine resource utilization: a review
Membrane technologies have broad potential in methods for separating, collecting, storing, and utilizing urine collected from toilets. Recovering urine from toilets for resource utilization instead of treating it in a sewage treatment plant not only reduces extra energy consumption for the degradati...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | RSC advances 2021-11, Vol.11 (56), p.35525-35535 |
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| creator | Yu, Chengzhi Yin, Wenjun Yu, Zhenjiang Chen, Jiabin Huang, Rui Zhou, Xuefei |
| description | Membrane technologies have broad potential in methods for separating, collecting, storing, and utilizing urine collected from toilets. Recovering urine from toilets for resource utilization instead of treating it in a sewage treatment plant not only reduces extra energy consumption for the degradation of N and P but also saves energy in chemical fertilizer production, which will contribute to carbon emission reduction of 12.19-17.82 kg kg
N
−1
in terms of N alone. Due to its high efficiency in terms of volume reduction, water recycling, nutrient recovery, and pollutant removal, membrane technology is a promising technology for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets. In this review, we divide membrane technologies for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets into four categories based on the driving force: external pressure-driven membrane technology, vapor pressure-driven membrane technology, chemical potential-driven membrane technology, and electric field-driven membrane technology. These technologies influence factors such as: recovery targets and mechanisms, reaction condition optimization, and process efficiency, and these are all discussed in this review. Finally, a toilet with source-separation is suggested. In the future, membrane technology research should focus on the practical application of source-separation toilets, membrane fouling prevention, and energy consumption evaluation. This review may provide theoretical support for the resource utilization of urine collected from toilets that is based on membrane technology.
In this review, the membrane technologies used for the resource utilization of urine collected from toilets are divided into four categories based on their driving force. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1039/d1ra05816a |
| format | Article |
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N
−1
in terms of N alone. Due to its high efficiency in terms of volume reduction, water recycling, nutrient recovery, and pollutant removal, membrane technology is a promising technology for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets. In this review, we divide membrane technologies for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets into four categories based on the driving force: external pressure-driven membrane technology, vapor pressure-driven membrane technology, chemical potential-driven membrane technology, and electric field-driven membrane technology. These technologies influence factors such as: recovery targets and mechanisms, reaction condition optimization, and process efficiency, and these are all discussed in this review. Finally, a toilet with source-separation is suggested. In the future, membrane technology research should focus on the practical application of source-separation toilets, membrane fouling prevention, and energy consumption evaluation. This review may provide theoretical support for the resource utilization of urine collected from toilets that is based on membrane technology.
In this review, the membrane technologies used for the resource utilization of urine collected from toilets are divided into four categories based on their driving force.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2046-2069</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2046-2069</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05816a</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35493188</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Royal Society of Chemistry</publisher><subject>Chemical potential ; Chemistry ; Electric fields ; Emissions control ; Energy consumption ; External pressure ; Membranes ; Optimization ; Plumbing fixtures ; Pollutants ; Resource utilization ; Separation ; Sewage treatment plants ; Toilet facilities ; Toilets ; Urine ; Vapor pressure ; Water reuse</subject><ispartof>RSC advances, 2021-11, Vol.11 (56), p.35525-35535</ispartof><rights>This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.</rights><rights>Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry 2021</rights><rights>This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021 The Royal Society of Chemistry</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-97851d64238cb4000ad7b38db6ee64d14862ff5a8c6e370d09629e81985152423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-97851d64238cb4000ad7b38db6ee64d14862ff5a8c6e370d09629e81985152423</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6521-0592</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9043190/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9043190/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,27905,27906,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35493188$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yu, Chengzhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Wenjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Zhenjiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jiabin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Rui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Xuefei</creatorcontrib><title>Membrane technologies in toilet urine treatment for toilet urine resource utilization: a review</title><title>RSC advances</title><addtitle>RSC Adv</addtitle><description>Membrane technologies have broad potential in methods for separating, collecting, storing, and utilizing urine collected from toilets. Recovering urine from toilets for resource utilization instead of treating it in a sewage treatment plant not only reduces extra energy consumption for the degradation of N and P but also saves energy in chemical fertilizer production, which will contribute to carbon emission reduction of 12.19-17.82 kg kg
N
−1
in terms of N alone. Due to its high efficiency in terms of volume reduction, water recycling, nutrient recovery, and pollutant removal, membrane technology is a promising technology for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets. In this review, we divide membrane technologies for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets into four categories based on the driving force: external pressure-driven membrane technology, vapor pressure-driven membrane technology, chemical potential-driven membrane technology, and electric field-driven membrane technology. These technologies influence factors such as: recovery targets and mechanisms, reaction condition optimization, and process efficiency, and these are all discussed in this review. Finally, a toilet with source-separation is suggested. In the future, membrane technology research should focus on the practical application of source-separation toilets, membrane fouling prevention, and energy consumption evaluation. This review may provide theoretical support for the resource utilization of urine collected from toilets that is based on membrane technology.
In this review, the membrane technologies used for the resource utilization of urine collected from toilets are divided into four categories based on their driving force.</description><subject>Chemical potential</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Electric fields</subject><subject>Emissions control</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>External pressure</subject><subject>Membranes</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Plumbing fixtures</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Resource utilization</subject><subject>Separation</subject><subject>Sewage treatment plants</subject><subject>Toilet facilities</subject><subject>Toilets</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Vapor pressure</subject><subject>Water reuse</subject><issn>2046-2069</issn><issn>2046-2069</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpVkc1LxDAQxYMo7qJ78a4UvAnVJE3TxIOw-A0rgug5pO3UjbSNJqmif73R1dXNJSHvN29eMgjtEHxIcCaPauI0zgXheg2NKWY8pZjL9X_nEZp4_4Tj4jmhnGyiUZYzmREhxkjdQFc63UMSoJr3trWPBnxi-iRY00JIBme-RAc6dNCHpLFuVXLg7eAqSIZgWvOhg7H9caLj_auBt2200ejWw-Rn30IPF-f3p1fp7Pby-nQ6SytGRUhlIXJSc0YzUZUsRtV1UWaiLjkAZzVhgtOmybWoOGQFrrHkVIIgMpblNJZtoZOF7_NQdlBXMarTrXp2ptPuXVlt1KrSm7l6tK9KYpYRiaPB_o-Bsy8D-KCe4rP6mFnRXErCCsqLSB0sqMpZ7x00yw4Eq695qDNyN_2exzTCe_8zLdHf34_A7gJwvlqqfwPNPgHZhZCV</recordid><startdate>20211103</startdate><enddate>20211103</enddate><creator>Yu, Chengzhi</creator><creator>Yin, Wenjun</creator><creator>Yu, Zhenjiang</creator><creator>Chen, Jiabin</creator><creator>Huang, Rui</creator><creator>Zhou, Xuefei</creator><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><general>The Royal Society of Chemistry</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6521-0592</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211103</creationdate><title>Membrane technologies in toilet urine treatment for toilet urine resource utilization: a review</title><author>Yu, Chengzhi ; Yin, Wenjun ; Yu, Zhenjiang ; Chen, Jiabin ; Huang, Rui ; Zhou, Xuefei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-97851d64238cb4000ad7b38db6ee64d14862ff5a8c6e370d09629e81985152423</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Chemical potential</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Electric fields</topic><topic>Emissions control</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>External pressure</topic><topic>Membranes</topic><topic>Optimization</topic><topic>Plumbing fixtures</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Resource utilization</topic><topic>Separation</topic><topic>Sewage treatment plants</topic><topic>Toilet facilities</topic><topic>Toilets</topic><topic>Urine</topic><topic>Vapor pressure</topic><topic>Water reuse</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yu, Chengzhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin, Wenjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Zhenjiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jiabin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Rui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Xuefei</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>RSC advances</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yu, Chengzhi</au><au>Yin, Wenjun</au><au>Yu, Zhenjiang</au><au>Chen, Jiabin</au><au>Huang, Rui</au><au>Zhou, Xuefei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Membrane technologies in toilet urine treatment for toilet urine resource utilization: a review</atitle><jtitle>RSC advances</jtitle><addtitle>RSC Adv</addtitle><date>2021-11-03</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>56</issue><spage>35525</spage><epage>35535</epage><pages>35525-35535</pages><issn>2046-2069</issn><eissn>2046-2069</eissn><abstract>Membrane technologies have broad potential in methods for separating, collecting, storing, and utilizing urine collected from toilets. Recovering urine from toilets for resource utilization instead of treating it in a sewage treatment plant not only reduces extra energy consumption for the degradation of N and P but also saves energy in chemical fertilizer production, which will contribute to carbon emission reduction of 12.19-17.82 kg kg
N
−1
in terms of N alone. Due to its high efficiency in terms of volume reduction, water recycling, nutrient recovery, and pollutant removal, membrane technology is a promising technology for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets. In this review, we divide membrane technologies for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets into four categories based on the driving force: external pressure-driven membrane technology, vapor pressure-driven membrane technology, chemical potential-driven membrane technology, and electric field-driven membrane technology. These technologies influence factors such as: recovery targets and mechanisms, reaction condition optimization, and process efficiency, and these are all discussed in this review. Finally, a toilet with source-separation is suggested. In the future, membrane technology research should focus on the practical application of source-separation toilets, membrane fouling prevention, and energy consumption evaluation. This review may provide theoretical support for the resource utilization of urine collected from toilets that is based on membrane technology.
In this review, the membrane technologies used for the resource utilization of urine collected from toilets are divided into four categories based on their driving force.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Royal Society of Chemistry</pub><pmid>35493188</pmid><doi>10.1039/d1ra05816a</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6521-0592</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Chemical potential Chemistry Electric fields Emissions control Energy consumption External pressure Membranes Optimization Plumbing fixtures Pollutants Resource utilization Separation Sewage treatment plants Toilet facilities Toilets Urine Vapor pressure Water reuse |
| title | Membrane technologies in toilet urine treatment for toilet urine resource utilization: a review |
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