Unveiling a versatile heterocycle: pyrazoline - a review

The design and synthesis of novel fluorescent heterocyclic dyes is a "hotspot" research area, due to their favourable photophysical properties and crucial role in charge transfer processes, which could allow huge advances in the fields of physics, chemistry and biology. One group of electron-rich nitrogen carriers, pyrazolines, are enjoying brisk growth, since they combine exciting electronic properties with the potential for dynamic applications. Concerning multi-functional applications, pyrazolines could provide a new range of applications that would revolutionize various fields. As reported in many studies, the potential applications of pyrazolines are vast and ever growing, but they have yet to make in-roads into real-life applications. This review provides an overview on the current status of pyrazoline derivatives in terms of synthesis, physico-chemical properties and various applications in order to realize their full potential for practical applications, and to trigger the synthesis and study of novel pyrazoline based compounds with much promise. We also present our conclusions and outlook for the future. The design and synthesis of novel fluorescent heterocyclic dyes is a "hotspot" research area, due to their favourable photophysical and electronic properties, which could allow huge advances in the fields of physics, chemistry and biology.