A significant by-product of the industrial processing of pistachios: shell skin - RP-HPLC analysis, and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of L. shell skins cultivated in Gaziantep, Turkey
The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of immature and mature shell skins of Pistacia vera L. As well as biological activity tests, phytochemical compositions of the extracts were also investigated. The total phenolic and flavon...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | RSC advances 2015-12, Vol.6 (2), p.123-129 |
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| creator | Kilic, Ibrahim Halil Sarikurkcu, Cengiz Karagoz, Isik Didem Uren, Mehmet Cemil Kocak, Mehmet Sefa Cilkiz, Mustafa Tepe, Bektas |
| description | The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of immature and mature shell skins of
Pistacia vera
L. As well as biological activity tests, phytochemical compositions of the extracts were also investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined in addition to the amounts of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, (+)-catechin,
p
-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, (−)-epicatechin, syringic acid,
p
-coumaric acid, hesperidin, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin. The immature shell skin was found to be rich in both phenolic and flavonoid compounds (52.29 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g of extract and 16.78 mg of rutin equivalent (RE) per g of extract). In immature shell skins, the amounts of protocatechuic acid (4335 μg per g of extract),
p
-hydroxybenzoic acid (12 925 μg per g of extract),
p
-coumaric acid (120 μg per g of extract), quercetin (620 μg per g of extract), and apigenin (190 μg per g of extract) were higher than those of the mature one. In parallel to these findings, immature shell skins exhibited a higher antioxidant activity in all test systems than that of the mature one. The samples did not show any inhibitory activity on butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase. Mature shell skins exhibited considerable inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (2.15 mg of galantamine equivalent (GALAE) per g of extract). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the mature shell skin was also found as 3.14 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE) per g of extract. The immature shell skin remained inactive on this enzyme. The samples also showed remarkable inhibitory activity of α-amylase.
The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of immature and mature shell skins of
Pistacia vera
L. were evaluated. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1039/c5ra24530c |
| format | Article |
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Pistacia vera
L. As well as biological activity tests, phytochemical compositions of the extracts were also investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined in addition to the amounts of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, (+)-catechin,
p
-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, (−)-epicatechin, syringic acid,
p
-coumaric acid, hesperidin, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin. The immature shell skin was found to be rich in both phenolic and flavonoid compounds (52.29 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g of extract and 16.78 mg of rutin equivalent (RE) per g of extract). In immature shell skins, the amounts of protocatechuic acid (4335 μg per g of extract),
p
-hydroxybenzoic acid (12 925 μg per g of extract),
p
-coumaric acid (120 μg per g of extract), quercetin (620 μg per g of extract), and apigenin (190 μg per g of extract) were higher than those of the mature one. In parallel to these findings, immature shell skins exhibited a higher antioxidant activity in all test systems than that of the mature one. The samples did not show any inhibitory activity on butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase. Mature shell skins exhibited considerable inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (2.15 mg of galantamine equivalent (GALAE) per g of extract). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the mature shell skin was also found as 3.14 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE) per g of extract. The immature shell skin remained inactive on this enzyme. The samples also showed remarkable inhibitory activity of α-amylase.
The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of immature and mature shell skins of
Pistacia vera
L. were evaluated.</description><identifier>EISSN: 2046-2069</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24530c</identifier><ispartof>RSC advances, 2015-12, Vol.6 (2), p.123-129</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kilic, Ibrahim Halil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarikurkcu, Cengiz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karagoz, Isik Didem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uren, Mehmet Cemil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kocak, Mehmet Sefa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cilkiz, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tepe, Bektas</creatorcontrib><title>A significant by-product of the industrial processing of pistachios: shell skin - RP-HPLC analysis, and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of L. shell skins cultivated in Gaziantep, Turkey</title><title>RSC advances</title><description>The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of immature and mature shell skins of
Pistacia vera
L. As well as biological activity tests, phytochemical compositions of the extracts were also investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined in addition to the amounts of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, (+)-catechin,
p
-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, (−)-epicatechin, syringic acid,
p
-coumaric acid, hesperidin, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin. The immature shell skin was found to be rich in both phenolic and flavonoid compounds (52.29 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g of extract and 16.78 mg of rutin equivalent (RE) per g of extract). In immature shell skins, the amounts of protocatechuic acid (4335 μg per g of extract),
p
-hydroxybenzoic acid (12 925 μg per g of extract),
p
-coumaric acid (120 μg per g of extract), quercetin (620 μg per g of extract), and apigenin (190 μg per g of extract) were higher than those of the mature one. In parallel to these findings, immature shell skins exhibited a higher antioxidant activity in all test systems than that of the mature one. The samples did not show any inhibitory activity on butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase. Mature shell skins exhibited considerable inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (2.15 mg of galantamine equivalent (GALAE) per g of extract). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the mature shell skin was also found as 3.14 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE) per g of extract. The immature shell skin remained inactive on this enzyme. The samples also showed remarkable inhibitory activity of α-amylase.
The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of immature and mature shell skins of
Pistacia vera
L. were evaluated.</description><issn>2046-2069</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid/><recordid>eNqFkMFKw0AQQBdBsGgv3oX5gKZukiZQb1LUHnoo0nvZbjbN2O1u2JlI05_1V9yIojcHhpnhMfNghLhN5TSV-fxeF0FlsyKX-kKMMjkrk0yW8ysxJnqTMcoizcp0JD4egXDvsEatHMOuT9rgq04z-Bq4MYCu6ogDKguRaEOEbj_AFomVbtDTA1BjrAU6oIMEXtfJcr1agHLK9oQ0iV0Vk9GfsBosw2zcuT8O5xvcIfvQg9KM78ho6Md9NNwo5y2YE4eIv8Bq-kdHoDsb1xSbKt6CF3XGaDDtBDZdOJj-RlzWypIZf9drcff8tFksk0B62wY8qtBvf5-V_8c_AXpldDw</recordid><startdate>20151223</startdate><enddate>20151223</enddate><creator>Kilic, Ibrahim Halil</creator><creator>Sarikurkcu, Cengiz</creator><creator>Karagoz, Isik Didem</creator><creator>Uren, Mehmet Cemil</creator><creator>Kocak, Mehmet Sefa</creator><creator>Cilkiz, Mustafa</creator><creator>Tepe, Bektas</creator><scope/></search><sort><creationdate>20151223</creationdate><title>A significant by-product of the industrial processing of pistachios: shell skin - RP-HPLC analysis, and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of L. shell skins cultivated in Gaziantep, Turkey</title><author>Kilic, Ibrahim Halil ; Sarikurkcu, Cengiz ; Karagoz, Isik Didem ; Uren, Mehmet Cemil ; Kocak, Mehmet Sefa ; Cilkiz, Mustafa ; Tepe, Bektas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-rsc_primary_c5ra24530c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><creationdate>2015</creationdate><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kilic, Ibrahim Halil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarikurkcu, Cengiz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karagoz, Isik Didem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uren, Mehmet Cemil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kocak, Mehmet Sefa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cilkiz, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tepe, Bektas</creatorcontrib><jtitle>RSC advances</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kilic, Ibrahim Halil</au><au>Sarikurkcu, Cengiz</au><au>Karagoz, Isik Didem</au><au>Uren, Mehmet Cemil</au><au>Kocak, Mehmet Sefa</au><au>Cilkiz, Mustafa</au><au>Tepe, Bektas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A significant by-product of the industrial processing of pistachios: shell skin - RP-HPLC analysis, and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of L. shell skins cultivated in Gaziantep, Turkey</atitle><jtitle>RSC advances</jtitle><date>2015-12-23</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>123</spage><epage>129</epage><pages>123-129</pages><eissn>2046-2069</eissn><abstract>The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of immature and mature shell skins of
Pistacia vera
L. As well as biological activity tests, phytochemical compositions of the extracts were also investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined in addition to the amounts of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, (+)-catechin,
p
-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, (−)-epicatechin, syringic acid,
p
-coumaric acid, hesperidin, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin. The immature shell skin was found to be rich in both phenolic and flavonoid compounds (52.29 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g of extract and 16.78 mg of rutin equivalent (RE) per g of extract). In immature shell skins, the amounts of protocatechuic acid (4335 μg per g of extract),
p
-hydroxybenzoic acid (12 925 μg per g of extract),
p
-coumaric acid (120 μg per g of extract), quercetin (620 μg per g of extract), and apigenin (190 μg per g of extract) were higher than those of the mature one. In parallel to these findings, immature shell skins exhibited a higher antioxidant activity in all test systems than that of the mature one. The samples did not show any inhibitory activity on butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase. Mature shell skins exhibited considerable inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (2.15 mg of galantamine equivalent (GALAE) per g of extract). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the mature shell skin was also found as 3.14 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE) per g of extract. The immature shell skin remained inactive on this enzyme. The samples also showed remarkable inhibitory activity of α-amylase.
The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of immature and mature shell skins of
Pistacia vera
L. were evaluated.</abstract><doi>10.1039/c5ra24530c</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Royal Society Of Chemistry Journals 2008- |
| title | A significant by-product of the industrial processing of pistachios: shell skin - RP-HPLC analysis, and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of L. shell skins cultivated in Gaziantep, Turkey |
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