Secular trends in low birth weight and child undernutrition in West Africa: evidence from complex nationwide surveys, 1985–2019

We present prevalence estimates and secular trends of stunting, wasting, underweight, and anaemia among children under 5 years of age and low birth weight (LBW) over the period 1985-2019 in West Africa (WA). Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and World Bank data. DerSimonian-Laird rando...

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Veröffentlicht in:Public health nutrition 2022-09, Vol.25 (9), p.2358-2370
Hauptverfasser: Dwomoh, Duah, Sewor, Christian, Mohammed, Seidu Awal, Annim, Samuel, Stranges, Saverio, Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin, Amegah, A Kofi
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container_end_page 2370
container_issue 9
container_start_page 2358
container_title Public health nutrition
container_volume 25
creator Dwomoh, Duah
Sewor, Christian
Mohammed, Seidu Awal
Annim, Samuel
Stranges, Saverio
Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin
Amegah, A Kofi
description We present prevalence estimates and secular trends of stunting, wasting, underweight, and anaemia among children under 5 years of age and low birth weight (LBW) over the period 1985-2019 in West Africa (WA). Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and World Bank data. DerSimonian-Laird random effect model with the Knapp-Hartung adjustment to the standard error was used to derive overall prevalence estimates. We used fixed effect ordinary least square regression models with cluster robust standard error to conduct time trends analyses. West Africa. Children aged 0 to 59 months. Three distinct periods (1986-1990, 1993-1996 and 1997-2000) of sharp increases in prevalence of all outcomes was observed. After the year 2000, prevalence of all outcomes except LBW started to decline with some fluctuations. LBW prevalence showed a steady increase after 2000. We observed a decline in prevalence of stunting ( = -0·20 %; 95 % CI -0·43 %, 0·03 %), log-wasting ( = -0·02 %; 95 % CI -0·02 %, -0·01 %), log-underweight ( = -0·02 %; 95 % CI -0·03 %, -0·01 %) anaemia ( = -0·44; 95 % CI -0·55 %, -0·34 %), and an increase in LBW ( = 0·06 %; 95 % CI -0·10 %, 0·22 %) in WA over the period. Pooled prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight, anaemia and LBW in WA for the period 1985-2019 was 26·1 %, 16·4 %, 22·7 %, 76·2 % and 11·3 %, respectively. Child undernutrition prevalence varied greatly between countries and the year cohorts. We observed marginal reductions in prevalence of all outcomes except anaemia where the reductions were quite striking and LBW where an increase was noted. There is the need for more rigorous and sustained targeted interventions in WA.
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Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and World Bank data. DerSimonian-Laird random effect model with the Knapp-Hartung adjustment to the standard error was used to derive overall prevalence estimates. We used fixed effect ordinary least square regression models with cluster robust standard error to conduct time trends analyses. West Africa. Children aged 0 to 59 months. Three distinct periods (1986-1990, 1993-1996 and 1997-2000) of sharp increases in prevalence of all outcomes was observed. After the year 2000, prevalence of all outcomes except LBW started to decline with some fluctuations. LBW prevalence showed a steady increase after 2000. We observed a decline in prevalence of stunting ( = -0·20 %; 95 % CI -0·43 %, 0·03 %), log-wasting ( = -0·02 %; 95 % CI -0·02 %, -0·01 %), log-underweight ( = -0·02 %; 95 % CI -0·03 %, -0·01 %) anaemia ( = -0·44; 95 % CI -0·55 %, -0·34 %), and an increase in LBW ( = 0·06 %; 95 % CI -0·10 %, 0·22 %) in WA over the period. Pooled prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight, anaemia and LBW in WA for the period 1985-2019 was 26·1 %, 16·4 %, 22·7 %, 76·2 % and 11·3 %, respectively. Child undernutrition prevalence varied greatly between countries and the year cohorts. We observed marginal reductions in prevalence of all outcomes except anaemia where the reductions were quite striking and LBW where an increase was noted. 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Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and World Bank data. DerSimonian-Laird random effect model with the Knapp-Hartung adjustment to the standard error was used to derive overall prevalence estimates. We used fixed effect ordinary least square regression models with cluster robust standard error to conduct time trends analyses. West Africa. Children aged 0 to 59 months. Three distinct periods (1986-1990, 1993-1996 and 1997-2000) of sharp increases in prevalence of all outcomes was observed. After the year 2000, prevalence of all outcomes except LBW started to decline with some fluctuations. LBW prevalence showed a steady increase after 2000. We observed a decline in prevalence of stunting ( = -0·20 %; 95 % CI -0·43 %, 0·03 %), log-wasting ( = -0·02 %; 95 % CI -0·02 %, -0·01 %), log-underweight ( = -0·02 %; 95 % CI -0·03 %, -0·01 %) anaemia ( = -0·44; 95 % CI -0·55 %, -0·34 %), and an increase in LBW ( = 0·06 %; 95 % CI -0·10 %, 0·22 %) in WA over the period. 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subjects Age
Anemia
Birth weight
Child
Child Nutrition Disorders - epidemiology
Child, Preschool
Children
Children & youth
Error analysis
Estimates
Growth Disorders - epidemiology
Humans
Infant
Infant, Low Birth Weight
Infant, Newborn
Iron
Low birth weight
Malnutrition
Malnutrition - epidemiology
Mathematical models
Meta-analysis
Monitoring and Surveillance
Prevalence
Regression analysis
Regression models
Research Paper
Robustness (mathematics)
Standard error
Surveys
Thinness - epidemiology
Trends
Undernutrition
Underweight
title Secular trends in low birth weight and child undernutrition in West Africa: evidence from complex nationwide surveys, 1985–2019
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