Is iron deficiency a risk factor for postpartum depression? A case–control study in the Gaza Strip, Palestine
This study aims to investigate the association between iron body status and postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers during the postpartum period. This is a case-control study. Governmental primary health care centres in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. This study involved 300 mothers a month after deliv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Public health nutrition 2022-06, Vol.25 (6), p.1631-1638 |
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| creator | Hameed, Samar Naser, Ihab A Al Ghussein, Mohamed A Ellulu, Mohammed S |
| description | This study aims to investigate the association between iron body status and postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers during the postpartum period.
This is a case-control study.
Governmental primary health care centres in the Gaza Strip, Palestine.
This study involved 300 mothers a month after delivery, with one 150 mothers that were recruited in the cases group who were diagnosed with PPD based on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) ≥ 10. The control group included 150 mothers did not have PPD (EPDS < 10). Body iron status is represented by the index of sTfR/log ferritin.
Among PPD mothers, 43·3 % had low ferritin level v. 15·3 % for controls (P < 0·001) and cases v. controls difference in mean Hb level was -0·61 (95 % CI -0·86, -0·35). The results of the multiple logistic regression reported that there is a statistically significant association between PPD and the body iron status existed, as mothers who suffered from iron deficiency (ID) were three times more likely to have PPD (ORadj 3·25; P = 0·015). Furthermore, the results of the final regression model showed that the other factors that can lead to PPD are absence of psychological guidance services (ORadj 8·54; P = 0·001), suffering from undesired feeling in the last pregnancy (ORadj 1·77; P = 0·034), in addition to having one of the mental health disorders in the last pregnancy (P = 0·001).
Body iron status might be a risk factor for postpartum depression and other possibilities of reverse causality may worsen the condition. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S1368980021003761 |
| format | Article |
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This is a case-control study.
Governmental primary health care centres in the Gaza Strip, Palestine.
This study involved 300 mothers a month after delivery, with one 150 mothers that were recruited in the cases group who were diagnosed with PPD based on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) ≥ 10. The control group included 150 mothers did not have PPD (EPDS < 10). Body iron status is represented by the index of sTfR/log ferritin.
Among PPD mothers, 43·3 % had low ferritin level v. 15·3 % for controls (P < 0·001) and cases v. controls difference in mean Hb level was -0·61 (95 % CI -0·86, -0·35). The results of the multiple logistic regression reported that there is a statistically significant association between PPD and the body iron status existed, as mothers who suffered from iron deficiency (ID) were three times more likely to have PPD (ORadj 3·25; P = 0·015). Furthermore, the results of the final regression model showed that the other factors that can lead to PPD are absence of psychological guidance services (ORadj 8·54; P = 0·001), suffering from undesired feeling in the last pregnancy (ORadj 1·77; P = 0·034), in addition to having one of the mental health disorders in the last pregnancy (P = 0·001).
Body iron status might be a risk factor for postpartum depression and other possibilities of reverse causality may worsen the condition.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1368-9800</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-2727</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021003761</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34462043</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Case studies ; Case-Control Studies ; Community Nutrition ; Depression, Postpartum - epidemiology ; Depression, Postpartum - etiology ; Female ; Ferritin ; Ferritins ; Health care ; Humans ; Iron ; Iron Deficiencies ; Iron deficiency ; Mental depression ; Mental health ; Middle East - epidemiology ; Mothers - psychology ; Nutrient deficiency ; Postpartum ; Postpartum depression ; Pregnancy ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Regression models ; Research Paper ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; Statistical analysis</subject><ispartof>Public health nutrition, 2022-06, Vol.25 (6), p.1631-1638</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society</rights><rights>The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at: https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/reusing-open-access-and-sage-choice-content</rights><rights>The Authors 2021 2021 The Authors</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-2f643dc7fe1169f7f02a52c9aceb674c4b27a6bd791e347642c3c35acfbf34043</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-2f643dc7fe1169f7f02a52c9aceb674c4b27a6bd791e347642c3c35acfbf34043</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9479-7748</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9991634/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980021003761/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,23318,27924,27925,53791,53793,55804</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34462043$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hameed, Samar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naser, Ihab A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Ghussein, Mohamed A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ellulu, Mohammed S</creatorcontrib><title>Is iron deficiency a risk factor for postpartum depression? A case–control study in the Gaza Strip, Palestine</title><title>Public health nutrition</title><addtitle>Public Health Nutr</addtitle><description>This study aims to investigate the association between iron body status and postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers during the postpartum period.
This is a case-control study.
Governmental primary health care centres in the Gaza Strip, Palestine.
This study involved 300 mothers a month after delivery, with one 150 mothers that were recruited in the cases group who were diagnosed with PPD based on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) ≥ 10. The control group included 150 mothers did not have PPD (EPDS < 10). Body iron status is represented by the index of sTfR/log ferritin.
Among PPD mothers, 43·3 % had low ferritin level v. 15·3 % for controls (P < 0·001) and cases v. controls difference in mean Hb level was -0·61 (95 % CI -0·86, -0·35). The results of the multiple logistic regression reported that there is a statistically significant association between PPD and the body iron status existed, as mothers who suffered from iron deficiency (ID) were three times more likely to have PPD (ORadj 3·25; P = 0·015). Furthermore, the results of the final regression model showed that the other factors that can lead to PPD are absence of psychological guidance services (ORadj 8·54; P = 0·001), suffering from undesired feeling in the last pregnancy (ORadj 1·77; P = 0·034), in addition to having one of the mental health disorders in the last pregnancy (P = 0·001).
Body iron status might be a risk factor for postpartum depression and other possibilities of reverse causality may worsen the condition.</description><subject>Case studies</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Community Nutrition</subject><subject>Depression, Postpartum - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depression, Postpartum - etiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Ferritin</subject><subject>Ferritins</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Iron Deficiencies</subject><subject>Iron deficiency</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Middle East - epidemiology</subject><subject>Mothers - psychology</subject><subject>Nutrient deficiency</subject><subject>Postpartum</subject><subject>Postpartum depression</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</subject><subject>Regression models</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><issn>1368-9800</issn><issn>1475-2727</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>IKXGN</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp1Uc1qFTEYDaLYWn0ANxJw48LR_E2-OxullFoLhQrVdchkkjZ1JhmTTOF21XfwDX0Sc-m19QcXIYFzvvOdk4PQc0reUELh7RnlctWtCGGUEA6SPkC7VEDbMGDwsL4r3GzwHfQk50tCSAsAj9EOF0IyIvguiscZ-xQDHqzzxttg1ljj5PNX7LQpMWFXzxxzmXUqy1R5c7I5-xje431sdLY_br6bGEqKI85lGdbYB1wuLD7S1xqfleTn1_iTHm0uPtin6JHTY7bPtvce-vLh8PPBx-bk9Oj4YP-kMQJoaZiTgg8GnKVUdg4cYbplptPG9hKEET0DLfsBOmq5ACmY4Ya32rjecVGT7aF3t7rz0k92MLYa1KOak590WquovfoTCf5Cnccr1XUdlXwj8GorkOK3pZpXk8_GjqMONi5ZsVZCt6L16yv15V_Uy7ikUOMpJqUAUh2vKoveskyKOSfr7sxQojZ1qn_qrDMvfk9xN_Grv0rgW1E99ckP5_Z-9_9lfwKzF6wm</recordid><startdate>202206</startdate><enddate>202206</enddate><creator>Hameed, Samar</creator><creator>Naser, Ihab A</creator><creator>Al Ghussein, Mohamed A</creator><creator>Ellulu, Mohammed S</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>IKXGN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RQ</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-7748</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202206</creationdate><title>Is iron deficiency a risk factor for postpartum depression? 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A case–control study in the Gaza Strip, Palestine</atitle><jtitle>Public health nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Public Health Nutr</addtitle><date>2022-06</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1631</spage><epage>1638</epage><pages>1631-1638</pages><issn>1368-9800</issn><eissn>1475-2727</eissn><abstract>This study aims to investigate the association between iron body status and postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers during the postpartum period.
This is a case-control study.
Governmental primary health care centres in the Gaza Strip, Palestine.
This study involved 300 mothers a month after delivery, with one 150 mothers that were recruited in the cases group who were diagnosed with PPD based on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) ≥ 10. The control group included 150 mothers did not have PPD (EPDS < 10). Body iron status is represented by the index of sTfR/log ferritin.
Among PPD mothers, 43·3 % had low ferritin level v. 15·3 % for controls (P < 0·001) and cases v. controls difference in mean Hb level was -0·61 (95 % CI -0·86, -0·35). The results of the multiple logistic regression reported that there is a statistically significant association between PPD and the body iron status existed, as mothers who suffered from iron deficiency (ID) were three times more likely to have PPD (ORadj 3·25; P = 0·015). Furthermore, the results of the final regression model showed that the other factors that can lead to PPD are absence of psychological guidance services (ORadj 8·54; P = 0·001), suffering from undesired feeling in the last pregnancy (ORadj 1·77; P = 0·034), in addition to having one of the mental health disorders in the last pregnancy (P = 0·001).
Body iron status might be a risk factor for postpartum depression and other possibilities of reverse causality may worsen the condition.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>34462043</pmid><doi>10.1017/S1368980021003761</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-7748</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Case studies Case-Control Studies Community Nutrition Depression, Postpartum - epidemiology Depression, Postpartum - etiology Female Ferritin Ferritins Health care Humans Iron Iron Deficiencies Iron deficiency Mental depression Mental health Middle East - epidemiology Mothers - psychology Nutrient deficiency Postpartum Postpartum depression Pregnancy Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Regression models Research Paper Risk analysis Risk Factors Statistical analysis |
| title | Is iron deficiency a risk factor for postpartum depression? A case–control study in the Gaza Strip, Palestine |
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