A Compact Mu-Near-Zero Metamaterial Integrated Wideband High-Gain MIMO Antenna for 5G New Radio Applications
This article demonstrates a compact wideband four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system integrated with a wideband metamaterial (MM) to reach high gain for sub-6 GHz new radio (NR) 5G communication. The four antennas of the proposed MIMO system are orthogonally positioned to the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2023-02, Vol.16 (4), p.1751 |
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| creator | Hasan, Md Mhedi Islam, Mohammad Tariqul Rahim, Sharul Kamal Abdul Alam, Touhidul Rmili, Hatem Alzamil, Ahmed Islam, Md Shabiul Soliman, Mohamed S |
| description | This article demonstrates a compact wideband four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system integrated with a wideband metamaterial (MM) to reach high gain for sub-6 GHz new radio (NR) 5G communication. The four antennas of the proposed MIMO system are orthogonally positioned to the adjacent antennas with a short interelement edge-to-edge distance (0.19λ
at 3.25 GHz), confirming compact size and wideband characteristics 55.2% (3.25-5.6 GHz). Each MIMO system component consists of a fractal slotted unique patch with a transmission feed line and a metal post-encased defected ground structure (DGS). The designed MIMO system is realized on a low-cost FR-4 printed material with a miniature size of 0.65λ
× 0.65λ
× 0.02λ
. A 6 × 6 array of double U-shaped resonator-based unique mu-near-zero (MNZ) wideband metamaterial reflector (MMR) is employed below the MIMO antenna with a 0.14λ
air gap, improving the gain by 2.8 dBi and manipulating the MIMO beam direction by 60°. The designed petite MIMO system with a MM reflector proposes a high peak gain of 7.1 dBi in comparison to recent relevant antennas with high isolation of 35 dB in the n77/n78/n79 bands. In addition, the proposed wideband MMR improves the MIMO diversity and radiation characteristics with an average total efficiency of 68% over the desired bands. The stated MIMO antenna system has an outstanding envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 9.96 dB), a low channel capacity loss (CCL) of |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma16041751 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9961439</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A743159673</galeid><sourcerecordid>A743159673</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-badcfae36dfbb4ccd901df807dbf339cb096b55b748f681babb50f0f326807143</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkV1rFDEUhgdRbKm98QdIwBsRpiaTZDK5EZbFbhe6LYgieBNOvrYpM8mYmVH6741urdXkIifJc96TN6eqXhJ8RqnE7wYgLWZEcPKkOiZStjWRjD19FB9Vp9N0i8uglHSNfF4d0bajgnbkuOpXaJ2GEcyMdkt95SDXX11OaOdmGGB2OUCPtnF2-1x2Fn0J1mmIFl2E_U29gRDRbru7RquCxAjIp4z4Bl25H-gj2JDQahz7YGAOKU4vqmce-smd3q8n1efzD5_WF_Xl9Wa7Xl3WhjE-1xqs8eBoa73WzBgrMbG-w8JqXzwbjWWrOdeCdb7tiAatOfbY06YtEGH0pHp_0B0XPThrXJwz9GrMYYB8pxIE9e9NDDdqn76r8mUlXRaBN_cCOX1b3DSrIUzG9T1El5ZJNaLDWDD-u9br_9DbtORY7BVKSE6bhotCnR2oPfROhehTqWvKtG4IJkXnQzlfCUYJl62gJeHtIcHkNE3Z-YfXE6x-NV79bXyBXz32-4D-aTP9CUFLp-E</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2779532257</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A Compact Mu-Near-Zero Metamaterial Integrated Wideband High-Gain MIMO Antenna for 5G New Radio Applications</title><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Hasan, Md Mhedi ; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul ; Rahim, Sharul Kamal Abdul ; Alam, Touhidul ; Rmili, Hatem ; Alzamil, Ahmed ; Islam, Md Shabiul ; Soliman, Mohamed S</creator><creatorcontrib>Hasan, Md Mhedi ; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul ; Rahim, Sharul Kamal Abdul ; Alam, Touhidul ; Rmili, Hatem ; Alzamil, Ahmed ; Islam, Md Shabiul ; Soliman, Mohamed S</creatorcontrib><description>This article demonstrates a compact wideband four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system integrated with a wideband metamaterial (MM) to reach high gain for sub-6 GHz new radio (NR) 5G communication. The four antennas of the proposed MIMO system are orthogonally positioned to the adjacent antennas with a short interelement edge-to-edge distance (0.19λ
at 3.25 GHz), confirming compact size and wideband characteristics 55.2% (3.25-5.6 GHz). Each MIMO system component consists of a fractal slotted unique patch with a transmission feed line and a metal post-encased defected ground structure (DGS). The designed MIMO system is realized on a low-cost FR-4 printed material with a miniature size of 0.65λ
× 0.65λ
× 0.02λ
. A 6 × 6 array of double U-shaped resonator-based unique mu-near-zero (MNZ) wideband metamaterial reflector (MMR) is employed below the MIMO antenna with a 0.14λ
air gap, improving the gain by 2.8 dBi and manipulating the MIMO beam direction by 60°. The designed petite MIMO system with a MM reflector proposes a high peak gain of 7.1 dBi in comparison to recent relevant antennas with high isolation of 35 dB in the n77/n78/n79 bands. In addition, the proposed wideband MMR improves the MIMO diversity and radiation characteristics with an average total efficiency of 68% over the desired bands. The stated MIMO antenna system has an outstanding envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of <0.045, a greater diversity gain (DG) of near 10 dB (>9.96 dB), a low channel capacity loss (CCL) of <0.35 b/s/Hz and excellent multiplexing efficiency (ME) of higher than -1.4 dB. The proposed MIMO concept is confirmed by fabricating and testing the developed MIMO structure. In contrast to the recent relevant works, the proposed antenna is compact in size, while maintaining high gain and wideband characteristics, with strong MIMO performance. Thus, the proposed concept could be a potential approach to the 5G MIMO antenna system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma16041751</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36837381</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Air gaps ; Antennas ; Antennas (Electronics) ; Bandwidths ; Broadband ; Channel capacity ; Communication ; Correlation coefficients ; Design ; High gain ; Metamaterials ; MIMO communication ; MIMO communications ; Multiplexing</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2023-02, Vol.16 (4), p.1751</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-badcfae36dfbb4ccd901df807dbf339cb096b55b748f681babb50f0f326807143</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-badcfae36dfbb4ccd901df807dbf339cb096b55b748f681babb50f0f326807143</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1542-5939 ; 0000-0002-4929-3209 ; 0000-0001-8856-1213 ; 0000-0003-4081-9224 ; 0000-0002-9431-4195</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961439/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961439/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837381$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hasan, Md Mhedi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, Mohammad Tariqul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahim, Sharul Kamal Abdul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alam, Touhidul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rmili, Hatem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alzamil, Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, Md Shabiul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soliman, Mohamed S</creatorcontrib><title>A Compact Mu-Near-Zero Metamaterial Integrated Wideband High-Gain MIMO Antenna for 5G New Radio Applications</title><title>Materials</title><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><description>This article demonstrates a compact wideband four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system integrated with a wideband metamaterial (MM) to reach high gain for sub-6 GHz new radio (NR) 5G communication. The four antennas of the proposed MIMO system are orthogonally positioned to the adjacent antennas with a short interelement edge-to-edge distance (0.19λ
at 3.25 GHz), confirming compact size and wideband characteristics 55.2% (3.25-5.6 GHz). Each MIMO system component consists of a fractal slotted unique patch with a transmission feed line and a metal post-encased defected ground structure (DGS). The designed MIMO system is realized on a low-cost FR-4 printed material with a miniature size of 0.65λ
× 0.65λ
× 0.02λ
. A 6 × 6 array of double U-shaped resonator-based unique mu-near-zero (MNZ) wideband metamaterial reflector (MMR) is employed below the MIMO antenna with a 0.14λ
air gap, improving the gain by 2.8 dBi and manipulating the MIMO beam direction by 60°. The designed petite MIMO system with a MM reflector proposes a high peak gain of 7.1 dBi in comparison to recent relevant antennas with high isolation of 35 dB in the n77/n78/n79 bands. In addition, the proposed wideband MMR improves the MIMO diversity and radiation characteristics with an average total efficiency of 68% over the desired bands. The stated MIMO antenna system has an outstanding envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of <0.045, a greater diversity gain (DG) of near 10 dB (>9.96 dB), a low channel capacity loss (CCL) of <0.35 b/s/Hz and excellent multiplexing efficiency (ME) of higher than -1.4 dB. The proposed MIMO concept is confirmed by fabricating and testing the developed MIMO structure. In contrast to the recent relevant works, the proposed antenna is compact in size, while maintaining high gain and wideband characteristics, with strong MIMO performance. Thus, the proposed concept could be a potential approach to the 5G MIMO antenna system.</description><subject>Air gaps</subject><subject>Antennas</subject><subject>Antennas (Electronics)</subject><subject>Bandwidths</subject><subject>Broadband</subject><subject>Channel capacity</subject><subject>Communication</subject><subject>Correlation coefficients</subject><subject>Design</subject><subject>High gain</subject><subject>Metamaterials</subject><subject>MIMO communication</subject><subject>MIMO communications</subject><subject>Multiplexing</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkV1rFDEUhgdRbKm98QdIwBsRpiaTZDK5EZbFbhe6LYgieBNOvrYpM8mYmVH6741urdXkIifJc96TN6eqXhJ8RqnE7wYgLWZEcPKkOiZStjWRjD19FB9Vp9N0i8uglHSNfF4d0bajgnbkuOpXaJ2GEcyMdkt95SDXX11OaOdmGGB2OUCPtnF2-1x2Fn0J1mmIFl2E_U29gRDRbru7RquCxAjIp4z4Bl25H-gj2JDQahz7YGAOKU4vqmce-smd3q8n1efzD5_WF_Xl9Wa7Xl3WhjE-1xqs8eBoa73WzBgrMbG-w8JqXzwbjWWrOdeCdb7tiAatOfbY06YtEGH0pHp_0B0XPThrXJwz9GrMYYB8pxIE9e9NDDdqn76r8mUlXRaBN_cCOX1b3DSrIUzG9T1El5ZJNaLDWDD-u9br_9DbtORY7BVKSE6bhotCnR2oPfROhehTqWvKtG4IJkXnQzlfCUYJl62gJeHtIcHkNE3Z-YfXE6x-NV79bXyBXz32-4D-aTP9CUFLp-E</recordid><startdate>20230220</startdate><enddate>20230220</enddate><creator>Hasan, Md Mhedi</creator><creator>Islam, Mohammad Tariqul</creator><creator>Rahim, Sharul Kamal Abdul</creator><creator>Alam, Touhidul</creator><creator>Rmili, Hatem</creator><creator>Alzamil, Ahmed</creator><creator>Islam, Md Shabiul</creator><creator>Soliman, Mohamed S</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-5939</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-3209</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-1213</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4081-9224</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-4195</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230220</creationdate><title>A Compact Mu-Near-Zero Metamaterial Integrated Wideband High-Gain MIMO Antenna for 5G New Radio Applications</title><author>Hasan, Md Mhedi ; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul ; Rahim, Sharul Kamal Abdul ; Alam, Touhidul ; Rmili, Hatem ; Alzamil, Ahmed ; Islam, Md Shabiul ; Soliman, Mohamed S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-badcfae36dfbb4ccd901df807dbf339cb096b55b748f681babb50f0f326807143</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Air gaps</topic><topic>Antennas</topic><topic>Antennas (Electronics)</topic><topic>Bandwidths</topic><topic>Broadband</topic><topic>Channel capacity</topic><topic>Communication</topic><topic>Correlation coefficients</topic><topic>Design</topic><topic>High gain</topic><topic>Metamaterials</topic><topic>MIMO communication</topic><topic>MIMO communications</topic><topic>Multiplexing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hasan, Md Mhedi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, Mohammad Tariqul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahim, Sharul Kamal Abdul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alam, Touhidul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rmili, Hatem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alzamil, Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, Md Shabiul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soliman, Mohamed S</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hasan, Md Mhedi</au><au>Islam, Mohammad Tariqul</au><au>Rahim, Sharul Kamal Abdul</au><au>Alam, Touhidul</au><au>Rmili, Hatem</au><au>Alzamil, Ahmed</au><au>Islam, Md Shabiul</au><au>Soliman, Mohamed S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Compact Mu-Near-Zero Metamaterial Integrated Wideband High-Gain MIMO Antenna for 5G New Radio Applications</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><date>2023-02-20</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1751</spage><pages>1751-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>This article demonstrates a compact wideband four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system integrated with a wideband metamaterial (MM) to reach high gain for sub-6 GHz new radio (NR) 5G communication. The four antennas of the proposed MIMO system are orthogonally positioned to the adjacent antennas with a short interelement edge-to-edge distance (0.19λ
at 3.25 GHz), confirming compact size and wideband characteristics 55.2% (3.25-5.6 GHz). Each MIMO system component consists of a fractal slotted unique patch with a transmission feed line and a metal post-encased defected ground structure (DGS). The designed MIMO system is realized on a low-cost FR-4 printed material with a miniature size of 0.65λ
× 0.65λ
× 0.02λ
. A 6 × 6 array of double U-shaped resonator-based unique mu-near-zero (MNZ) wideband metamaterial reflector (MMR) is employed below the MIMO antenna with a 0.14λ
air gap, improving the gain by 2.8 dBi and manipulating the MIMO beam direction by 60°. The designed petite MIMO system with a MM reflector proposes a high peak gain of 7.1 dBi in comparison to recent relevant antennas with high isolation of 35 dB in the n77/n78/n79 bands. In addition, the proposed wideband MMR improves the MIMO diversity and radiation characteristics with an average total efficiency of 68% over the desired bands. The stated MIMO antenna system has an outstanding envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of <0.045, a greater diversity gain (DG) of near 10 dB (>9.96 dB), a low channel capacity loss (CCL) of <0.35 b/s/Hz and excellent multiplexing efficiency (ME) of higher than -1.4 dB. The proposed MIMO concept is confirmed by fabricating and testing the developed MIMO structure. In contrast to the recent relevant works, the proposed antenna is compact in size, while maintaining high gain and wideband characteristics, with strong MIMO performance. Thus, the proposed concept could be a potential approach to the 5G MIMO antenna system.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36837381</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma16041751</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-5939</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-3209</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-1213</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4081-9224</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-4195</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Air gaps Antennas Antennas (Electronics) Bandwidths Broadband Channel capacity Communication Correlation coefficients Design High gain Metamaterials MIMO communication MIMO communications Multiplexing |
| title | A Compact Mu-Near-Zero Metamaterial Integrated Wideband High-Gain MIMO Antenna for 5G New Radio Applications |
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