Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies against Ischemic Injury: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential
The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as a treatment for epilepsy since the 1920s, and its role in the prevention of many other diseases is now being considered. In recent years, there has been an intensive investigation on using the KD as a therapeutic approach to treat acute pathologies, including...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2023-01, Vol.24 (3), p.2576 |
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| container_title | International journal of molecular sciences |
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| creator | Makievskaya, Ciara I Popkov, Vasily A Andrianova, Nadezda V Liao, Xinyu Zorov, Dmitry B Plotnikov, Egor Y |
| description | The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as a treatment for epilepsy since the 1920s, and its role in the prevention of many other diseases is now being considered. In recent years, there has been an intensive investigation on using the KD as a therapeutic approach to treat acute pathologies, including ischemic ones. However, contradictory data are observed for the effects of the KD on various organs after ischemic injury. In this review, we provide the first systematic analysis of studies conducted from 1980 to 2022 investigating the effects and main mechanisms of the KD and its mimetics on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, gut, and eyes. Our analysis demonstrated a high diversity of both the composition of the used KD and the protocols for the treatment of animals, which could be the reason for contradictory effects in different studies. It can be concluded that a true KD or its mimetics, such as β-hydroxybutyrate, can be considered as positive exposure, protecting the organ from ischemia and its negative consequences, whereas the shift to a rather similar high-calorie or high-fat diet leads to the opposite effect. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms24032576 |
| format | Article |
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In recent years, there has been an intensive investigation on using the KD as a therapeutic approach to treat acute pathologies, including ischemic ones. However, contradictory data are observed for the effects of the KD on various organs after ischemic injury. In this review, we provide the first systematic analysis of studies conducted from 1980 to 2022 investigating the effects and main mechanisms of the KD and its mimetics on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, gut, and eyes. Our analysis demonstrated a high diversity of both the composition of the used KD and the protocols for the treatment of animals, which could be the reason for contradictory effects in different studies. It can be concluded that a true KD or its mimetics, such as β-hydroxybutyrate, can be considered as positive exposure, protecting the organ from ischemia and its negative consequences, whereas the shift to a rather similar high-calorie or high-fat diet leads to the opposite effect.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032576</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36768899</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Amino acids ; Animals ; Brain ; Brain injury ; Brain research ; Carbon ; Diet ; Diet, Ketogenic - methods ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy - drug therapy ; Fatty acids ; Glucose ; High fat diet ; Injury analysis ; Ischemia ; Ischemia - drug therapy ; Ketogenesis ; Ketone Bodies - therapeutic use ; Ketones ; Liver ; Low carbohydrate diet ; Metabolism ; Mitochondria ; Oxidation ; Phosphorylation ; Reperfusion ; Review ; Triglycerides</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2023-01, Vol.24 (3), p.2576</ispartof><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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In recent years, there has been an intensive investigation on using the KD as a therapeutic approach to treat acute pathologies, including ischemic ones. However, contradictory data are observed for the effects of the KD on various organs after ischemic injury. In this review, we provide the first systematic analysis of studies conducted from 1980 to 2022 investigating the effects and main mechanisms of the KD and its mimetics on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, gut, and eyes. Our analysis demonstrated a high diversity of both the composition of the used KD and the protocols for the treatment of animals, which could be the reason for contradictory effects in different studies. 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| subjects | Amino acids Animals Brain Brain injury Brain research Carbon Diet Diet, Ketogenic - methods Epilepsy Epilepsy - drug therapy Fatty acids Glucose High fat diet Injury analysis Ischemia Ischemia - drug therapy Ketogenesis Ketone Bodies - therapeutic use Ketones Liver Low carbohydrate diet Metabolism Mitochondria Oxidation Phosphorylation Reperfusion Review Triglycerides |
| title | Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies against Ischemic Injury: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential |
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