All-Cause Standardized Mortality Ratio in Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at a higher mortality risk compared with the general population. Previous studies have described a relationship between mortality and patients with ESRD, but the data on standardized mortality ratio (SMR) corresponding to different causes of death in...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2023-01, Vol.20 (3), p.2347
Hauptverfasser: Lee, Yi-Che, Lin, Chi-Wei, Ho, Li-Chun, Hung, Shih-Yuan, Wang, Hao-Kuang, Chang, Min-Yu, Liou, Hung-Hsiang, Wang, Hsi-Hao, Chiou, Yuan-Yow, Lin, Sheng-Hsiang
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page
container_issue 3
container_start_page 2347
container_title International journal of environmental research and public health
container_volume 20
creator Lee, Yi-Che
Lin, Chi-Wei
Ho, Li-Chun
Hung, Shih-Yuan
Wang, Hao-Kuang
Chang, Min-Yu
Liou, Hung-Hsiang
Wang, Hsi-Hao
Chiou, Yuan-Yow
Lin, Sheng-Hsiang
description Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at a higher mortality risk compared with the general population. Previous studies have described a relationship between mortality and patients with ESRD, but the data on standardized mortality ratio (SMR) corresponding to different causes of death in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are limited. This study was designed as a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Incident dialysis patients between January 2000 and December 2015 in Taiwan were included. Using data acquired from the Taiwan Death Registry, SMR values were calculated and compared with the overall survival. The results showed there were a total of 128,966 patients enrolled, including 117,376 incident HD patients and 11,590 incident PD patients. It was found that 75,297 patients (58.4%) died during the period of 2000-2017. The overall SMR was 5.21. The neoplasms SMR was 2.11; the endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and immunity disorders SMR was 13.53; the circulatory system SMR was 4.31; the respiratory system SMR was 2.59; the digestive system SMR was 6.1; and the genitourinary system SMR was 27.22. Therefore, more attention should be paid to these diseases in clinical care.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijerph20032347
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9915131</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2774893196</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3337-34602a3616a4781b867c9a29335e6bf163719fa8963b331c13caaeef6a00525e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkc2P0zAQxS0EYpfClSOyxIVLFjuT2DEHpFIWFmmBio-zNU0m1JUbFzthVa7847jsh3Y52R7_5s08PcaeSnECYMRLt6G4W5dCQAmVvseOpVKiqJSQ92_dj9ijlDYZaiplHrIjUFppLeGY_Zl7XyxwSsS_jjh0GDv3mzr-McQRvRv3_AuOLnA38DPahs6h3yeXeEb5kqIbw0Do-dvr-jLTNIzpFZ_zT4fO4cJ1xJdhN_l_z-INpqy_COs8Ic-cuv1j9qBHn-jJ1Tlj39-dflucFeef339YzM-LFgB0AdlJiaCkwko3ctUo3RosDUBNatVLBVqaHhujYAUgWwktIlGvUIi6rAlm7PWl7m5abalr854Rvd1Ft8W4twGdvfszuLX9EX5ZY2QtQWaBF1cCMfycKI1261JL3uNAYUq21LpWUtegM_r8P3QTpjhkeweqagzIvOeMnVxSbQwpRepvlpHCHvK1d_PNDc9uW7jBrwOFv_u7o2g</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2774893196</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>All-Cause Standardized Mortality Ratio in Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study</title><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Lee, Yi-Che ; Lin, Chi-Wei ; Ho, Li-Chun ; Hung, Shih-Yuan ; Wang, Hao-Kuang ; Chang, Min-Yu ; Liou, Hung-Hsiang ; Wang, Hsi-Hao ; Chiou, Yuan-Yow ; Lin, Sheng-Hsiang</creator><creatorcontrib>Lee, Yi-Che ; Lin, Chi-Wei ; Ho, Li-Chun ; Hung, Shih-Yuan ; Wang, Hao-Kuang ; Chang, Min-Yu ; Liou, Hung-Hsiang ; Wang, Hsi-Hao ; Chiou, Yuan-Yow ; Lin, Sheng-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><description>Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at a higher mortality risk compared with the general population. Previous studies have described a relationship between mortality and patients with ESRD, but the data on standardized mortality ratio (SMR) corresponding to different causes of death in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are limited. This study was designed as a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Incident dialysis patients between January 2000 and December 2015 in Taiwan were included. Using data acquired from the Taiwan Death Registry, SMR values were calculated and compared with the overall survival. The results showed there were a total of 128,966 patients enrolled, including 117,376 incident HD patients and 11,590 incident PD patients. It was found that 75,297 patients (58.4%) died during the period of 2000-2017. The overall SMR was 5.21. The neoplasms SMR was 2.11; the endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and immunity disorders SMR was 13.53; the circulatory system SMR was 4.31; the respiratory system SMR was 2.59; the digestive system SMR was 6.1; and the genitourinary system SMR was 27.22. Therefore, more attention should be paid to these diseases in clinical care.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032347</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36767713</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Circulatory system ; Cohort analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Data acquisition ; Death ; Dialysis ; Digestive system ; Disease ; End-stage renal disease ; Hemodialysis ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Illnesses ; Kidney diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - epidemiology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy ; Medical diagnosis ; Metabolism ; Mortality ; National health insurance ; Neoplasms ; Patients ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneum ; Population ; Population studies ; Population-based studies ; Renal Dialysis ; Respiratory system ; Retrospective Studies ; Review boards ; Tumors ; Urogenital system ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023-01, Vol.20 (3), p.2347</ispartof><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3337-34602a3616a4781b867c9a29335e6bf163719fa8963b331c13caaeef6a00525e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3337-34602a3616a4781b867c9a29335e6bf163719fa8963b331c13caaeef6a00525e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3493-8892 ; 0000-0001-8050-0029 ; 0000-0002-2925-5352</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9915131/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9915131/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36767713$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Yi-Che</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Chi-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Li-Chun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hung, Shih-Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hao-Kuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Min-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liou, Hung-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hsi-Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiou, Yuan-Yow</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Sheng-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><title>All-Cause Standardized Mortality Ratio in Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at a higher mortality risk compared with the general population. Previous studies have described a relationship between mortality and patients with ESRD, but the data on standardized mortality ratio (SMR) corresponding to different causes of death in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are limited. This study was designed as a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Incident dialysis patients between January 2000 and December 2015 in Taiwan were included. Using data acquired from the Taiwan Death Registry, SMR values were calculated and compared with the overall survival. The results showed there were a total of 128,966 patients enrolled, including 117,376 incident HD patients and 11,590 incident PD patients. It was found that 75,297 patients (58.4%) died during the period of 2000-2017. The overall SMR was 5.21. The neoplasms SMR was 2.11; the endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and immunity disorders SMR was 13.53; the circulatory system SMR was 4.31; the respiratory system SMR was 2.59; the digestive system SMR was 6.1; and the genitourinary system SMR was 27.22. Therefore, more attention should be paid to these diseases in clinical care.</description><subject>Circulatory system</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Data acquisition</subject><subject>Death</subject><subject>Dialysis</subject><subject>Digestive system</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>End-stage renal disease</subject><subject>Hemodialysis</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illnesses</subject><subject>Kidney diseases</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - epidemiology</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy</subject><subject>Medical diagnosis</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>National health insurance</subject><subject>Neoplasms</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Peritoneal Dialysis</subject><subject>Peritoneum</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Population-based studies</subject><subject>Renal Dialysis</subject><subject>Respiratory system</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Review boards</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Urogenital system</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc2P0zAQxS0EYpfClSOyxIVLFjuT2DEHpFIWFmmBio-zNU0m1JUbFzthVa7847jsh3Y52R7_5s08PcaeSnECYMRLt6G4W5dCQAmVvseOpVKiqJSQ92_dj9ijlDYZaiplHrIjUFppLeGY_Zl7XyxwSsS_jjh0GDv3mzr-McQRvRv3_AuOLnA38DPahs6h3yeXeEb5kqIbw0Do-dvr-jLTNIzpFZ_zT4fO4cJ1xJdhN_l_z-INpqy_COs8Ic-cuv1j9qBHn-jJ1Tlj39-dflucFeef339YzM-LFgB0AdlJiaCkwko3ctUo3RosDUBNatVLBVqaHhujYAUgWwktIlGvUIi6rAlm7PWl7m5abalr854Rvd1Ft8W4twGdvfszuLX9EX5ZY2QtQWaBF1cCMfycKI1261JL3uNAYUq21LpWUtegM_r8P3QTpjhkeweqagzIvOeMnVxSbQwpRepvlpHCHvK1d_PNDc9uW7jBrwOFv_u7o2g</recordid><startdate>20230128</startdate><enddate>20230128</enddate><creator>Lee, Yi-Che</creator><creator>Lin, Chi-Wei</creator><creator>Ho, Li-Chun</creator><creator>Hung, Shih-Yuan</creator><creator>Wang, Hao-Kuang</creator><creator>Chang, Min-Yu</creator><creator>Liou, Hung-Hsiang</creator><creator>Wang, Hsi-Hao</creator><creator>Chiou, Yuan-Yow</creator><creator>Lin, Sheng-Hsiang</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3493-8892</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-0029</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2925-5352</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230128</creationdate><title>All-Cause Standardized Mortality Ratio in Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study</title><author>Lee, Yi-Che ; Lin, Chi-Wei ; Ho, Li-Chun ; Hung, Shih-Yuan ; Wang, Hao-Kuang ; Chang, Min-Yu ; Liou, Hung-Hsiang ; Wang, Hsi-Hao ; Chiou, Yuan-Yow ; Lin, Sheng-Hsiang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3337-34602a3616a4781b867c9a29335e6bf163719fa8963b331c13caaeef6a00525e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Circulatory system</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Data acquisition</topic><topic>Death</topic><topic>Dialysis</topic><topic>Digestive system</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>End-stage renal disease</topic><topic>Hemodialysis</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Illnesses</topic><topic>Kidney diseases</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic - epidemiology</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy</topic><topic>Medical diagnosis</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>National health insurance</topic><topic>Neoplasms</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Peritoneal Dialysis</topic><topic>Peritoneum</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Population-based studies</topic><topic>Renal Dialysis</topic><topic>Respiratory system</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Review boards</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Urogenital system</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Yi-Che</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Chi-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Li-Chun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hung, Shih-Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hao-Kuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Min-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liou, Hung-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hsi-Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiou, Yuan-Yow</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Sheng-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Yi-Che</au><au>Lin, Chi-Wei</au><au>Ho, Li-Chun</au><au>Hung, Shih-Yuan</au><au>Wang, Hao-Kuang</au><au>Chang, Min-Yu</au><au>Liou, Hung-Hsiang</au><au>Wang, Hsi-Hao</au><au>Chiou, Yuan-Yow</au><au>Lin, Sheng-Hsiang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>All-Cause Standardized Mortality Ratio in Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2023-01-28</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>2347</spage><pages>2347-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at a higher mortality risk compared with the general population. Previous studies have described a relationship between mortality and patients with ESRD, but the data on standardized mortality ratio (SMR) corresponding to different causes of death in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are limited. This study was designed as a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Incident dialysis patients between January 2000 and December 2015 in Taiwan were included. Using data acquired from the Taiwan Death Registry, SMR values were calculated and compared with the overall survival. The results showed there were a total of 128,966 patients enrolled, including 117,376 incident HD patients and 11,590 incident PD patients. It was found that 75,297 patients (58.4%) died during the period of 2000-2017. The overall SMR was 5.21. The neoplasms SMR was 2.11; the endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and immunity disorders SMR was 13.53; the circulatory system SMR was 4.31; the respiratory system SMR was 2.59; the digestive system SMR was 6.1; and the genitourinary system SMR was 27.22. Therefore, more attention should be paid to these diseases in clinical care.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36767713</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph20032347</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3493-8892</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-0029</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2925-5352</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1660-4601
ispartof International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023-01, Vol.20 (3), p.2347
issn 1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9915131
source MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; PubMed Central Open Access
subjects Circulatory system
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Data acquisition
Death
Dialysis
Digestive system
Disease
End-stage renal disease
Hemodialysis
Hospitals
Humans
Illnesses
Kidney diseases
Kidney Failure, Chronic - epidemiology
Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy
Medical diagnosis
Metabolism
Mortality
National health insurance
Neoplasms
Patients
Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneum
Population
Population studies
Population-based studies
Renal Dialysis
Respiratory system
Retrospective Studies
Review boards
Tumors
Urogenital system
Womens health
title All-Cause Standardized Mortality Ratio in Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-08T23%3A17%3A48IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=All-Cause%20Standardized%20Mortality%20Ratio%20in%20Hemodialysis%20and%20Peritoneal%20Dialysis%20Patients:%20A%20Nationwide%20Population-Based%20Cohort%20Study&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20environmental%20research%20and%20public%20health&rft.au=Lee,%20Yi-Che&rft.date=2023-01-28&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=2347&rft.pages=2347-&rft.issn=1660-4601&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijerph20032347&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2774893196%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2774893196&rft_id=info:pmid/36767713&rfr_iscdi=true