Ion Concentration Influences the Charge Transfer Due to a Water–Air Contact Line Moving over a Hydrophobic Surface: Charge Measurements and Theoretical Models

A metal electrode covered by an inert, hydrophobic polymer surface is dipped into water, and the charge transfer was measured as a function of ion concentration for different chlorides, sulfates, and nitrates. A generic behavior is observed wherein the charge transfer first increases and then decreases as the ion concentration increases. However, for acids, the charge transfer decreases monotonously with concentration and even reverses polarity. Two different models, both in which the charge transfer is attributed to removal of ions from the electrical double layer as the contact line passes by, are discussed and shown to provide possible explanations of the experimental data.