Estimated daily intake of epichlorohydrin and certain heavy metals of bagged and loose black teas
This study aimed to determine the levels of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and some metals in 3 brands of bagged and loose black teas which are widely marketed in Alexandria markets, Egypt, and estimate the acceptable daily intake as a safety indicator. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results revealed t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of food science and technology 2023-02, Vol.60 (2), p.666-678 |
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| creator | Nour, Suheir M. F. El-Desoky, Amany M. M. Hassan, Nagla A. Osman, Khaled A. |
| description | This study aimed to determine the levels of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and some metals in 3 brands of bagged and loose black teas which are widely marketed in Alexandria markets, Egypt, and estimate the acceptable daily intake as a safety indicator. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results revealed that ECH levels significantly differed between the tested brands steeped for 2 min and tea bags contained higher levels than in loose teas and the levels increased by increasing the steep time. These levels of ECH in all the tested brands either in tea bags or loose teas were higher than the guideline value of 0.10 μg/L. Also, the results illustrated that the adding of sucrose or washing of bags with deionized water for 1 min significantly decreased the levels of ECH. In addition, inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) results illustrated that the levels of Al, Pb, and Cd were too low in infusions compared to the established guidelines. Because of the high consumption of tea in Alexanria city, Egypt, it is necessary to determine the contribution of tea to the daily dietary intake of ECH, Al, Pb and Cd. In case of the bagged teas, the calculated daily intake of ECH was on average about 55.37 times greater than that in loose teas. The consumption of both bagged and loose teas infusion could not pose a risk for population as the health hazard index was |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s13197-022-05652-5 |
| format | Article |
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F. ; El-Desoky, Amany M. M. ; Hassan, Nagla A. ; Osman, Khaled A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Nour, Suheir M. F. ; El-Desoky, Amany M. M. ; Hassan, Nagla A. ; Osman, Khaled A.</creatorcontrib><description>This study aimed to determine the levels of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and some metals in 3 brands of bagged and loose black teas which are widely marketed in Alexandria markets, Egypt, and estimate the acceptable daily intake as a safety indicator. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results revealed that ECH levels significantly differed between the tested brands steeped for 2 min and tea bags contained higher levels than in loose teas and the levels increased by increasing the steep time. These levels of ECH in all the tested brands either in tea bags or loose teas were higher than the guideline value of 0.10 μg/L. Also, the results illustrated that the adding of sucrose or washing of bags with deionized water for 1 min significantly decreased the levels of ECH. In addition, inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) results illustrated that the levels of Al, Pb, and Cd were too low in infusions compared to the established guidelines. Because of the high consumption of tea in Alexanria city, Egypt, it is necessary to determine the contribution of tea to the daily dietary intake of ECH, Al, Pb and Cd. In case of the bagged teas, the calculated daily intake of ECH was on average about 55.37 times greater than that in loose teas. The consumption of both bagged and loose teas infusion could not pose a risk for population as the health hazard index was < 1. It can be concluded that consumers who prefer to use tea bags should rinse these bags before preparing the tea brewer, and do not increase the steeping time to more than 2 min.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-1155</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0975-8402</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05652-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36712226</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New Delhi: Springer India</publisher><subject>Black tea ; Cadmium ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Chemistry/Food Science ; Consumption ; Deionization ; Diet ; Dietary intake ; Epichlorohydrin ; Food intake ; Food Science ; Gas chromatography ; Health hazards ; Heavy metals ; Inductively coupled plasma ; Lead ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Nutrition ; Original ; Original Article ; Scientific imaging ; Spectroscopy ; Steeping ; Sucrose ; Tea ; Tea bags</subject><ispartof>Journal of food science and technology, 2023-02, Vol.60 (2), p.666-678</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. 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F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El-Desoky, Amany M. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassan, Nagla A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osman, Khaled A.</creatorcontrib><title>Estimated daily intake of epichlorohydrin and certain heavy metals of bagged and loose black teas</title><title>Journal of food science and technology</title><addtitle>J Food Sci Technol</addtitle><addtitle>J Food Sci Technol</addtitle><description>This study aimed to determine the levels of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and some metals in 3 brands of bagged and loose black teas which are widely marketed in Alexandria markets, Egypt, and estimate the acceptable daily intake as a safety indicator. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results revealed that ECH levels significantly differed between the tested brands steeped for 2 min and tea bags contained higher levels than in loose teas and the levels increased by increasing the steep time. These levels of ECH in all the tested brands either in tea bags or loose teas were higher than the guideline value of 0.10 μg/L. Also, the results illustrated that the adding of sucrose or washing of bags with deionized water for 1 min significantly decreased the levels of ECH. In addition, inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) results illustrated that the levels of Al, Pb, and Cd were too low in infusions compared to the established guidelines. Because of the high consumption of tea in Alexanria city, Egypt, it is necessary to determine the contribution of tea to the daily dietary intake of ECH, Al, Pb and Cd. In case of the bagged teas, the calculated daily intake of ECH was on average about 55.37 times greater than that in loose teas. The consumption of both bagged and loose teas infusion could not pose a risk for population as the health hazard index was < 1. It can be concluded that consumers who prefer to use tea bags should rinse these bags before preparing the tea brewer, and do not increase the steeping time to more than 2 min.</description><subject>Black tea</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Chemistry/Food Science</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Deionization</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Dietary intake</subject><subject>Epichlorohydrin</subject><subject>Food intake</subject><subject>Food Science</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Inductively coupled plasma</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Steeping</subject><subject>Sucrose</subject><subject>Tea</subject><subject>Tea bags</subject><issn>0022-1155</issn><issn>0975-8402</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctuFDEQRS0EIlHID7BAltiwafDb7g0SisJDisQG1pbtrp7ppKc92J5I8zf5Fr6MGiaExwJvXNI9de2rS8hzzl5zxuybyiXvbceE6Jg2WnT6ETllvdWdU0w8xvkgca71CTmv9ZrhkcI6wZ6SE2ksF0KYUxIva5s2ocFAhzDNezotLdwAzeP3O9hOaT3nktf7oUwLDctAE5QWcF5DuN3TDbQwV4RpDKsVehyQOecKNM4h3dAGoT4jT0ak4Pz-PiNf319-ufjYXX3-8Oni3VWXlFWti8o46SJniosxKTkEFpVMzvIU5RA1Z6MMQx_BRYfReUqj4wpEUNwYBlKekbdH3-0ubmBIsLQSZr8tmK_sfQ6T_1tZprVf5VvfOyud4Wjw6t6g5G87qM1vpppgnsMCeVe9sJYzZ7TsEX35D3qdd2XBeEgZ1ythlEFKHKlUcq0FxofPcOYPLfpjix6r8j9b9BqXXvwZ42HlV2cIyCNQUVpWUH6__R_bH0IfqV4</recordid><startdate>20230201</startdate><enddate>20230201</enddate><creator>Nour, Suheir M. 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F.</au><au>El-Desoky, Amany M. M.</au><au>Hassan, Nagla A.</au><au>Osman, Khaled A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Estimated daily intake of epichlorohydrin and certain heavy metals of bagged and loose black teas</atitle><jtitle>Journal of food science and technology</jtitle><stitle>J Food Sci Technol</stitle><addtitle>J Food Sci Technol</addtitle><date>2023-02-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>60</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>666</spage><epage>678</epage><pages>666-678</pages><issn>0022-1155</issn><eissn>0975-8402</eissn><abstract>This study aimed to determine the levels of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and some metals in 3 brands of bagged and loose black teas which are widely marketed in Alexandria markets, Egypt, and estimate the acceptable daily intake as a safety indicator. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results revealed that ECH levels significantly differed between the tested brands steeped for 2 min and tea bags contained higher levels than in loose teas and the levels increased by increasing the steep time. These levels of ECH in all the tested brands either in tea bags or loose teas were higher than the guideline value of 0.10 μg/L. Also, the results illustrated that the adding of sucrose or washing of bags with deionized water for 1 min significantly decreased the levels of ECH. In addition, inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) results illustrated that the levels of Al, Pb, and Cd were too low in infusions compared to the established guidelines. Because of the high consumption of tea in Alexanria city, Egypt, it is necessary to determine the contribution of tea to the daily dietary intake of ECH, Al, Pb and Cd. In case of the bagged teas, the calculated daily intake of ECH was on average about 55.37 times greater than that in loose teas. The consumption of both bagged and loose teas infusion could not pose a risk for population as the health hazard index was < 1. It can be concluded that consumers who prefer to use tea bags should rinse these bags before preparing the tea brewer, and do not increase the steeping time to more than 2 min.</abstract><cop>New Delhi</cop><pub>Springer India</pub><pmid>36712226</pmid><doi>10.1007/s13197-022-05652-5</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-2385</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Black tea Cadmium Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Chemistry/Food Science Consumption Deionization Diet Dietary intake Epichlorohydrin Food intake Food Science Gas chromatography Health hazards Heavy metals Inductively coupled plasma Lead Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Nutrition Original Original Article Scientific imaging Spectroscopy Steeping Sucrose Tea Tea bags |
| title | Estimated daily intake of epichlorohydrin and certain heavy metals of bagged and loose black teas |
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