Aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium significantly affects mesenchymal stem cell renewal and differentiation in a dose dependent manner

is an Iranian herbal medicine with various effects on the human cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of (AEAM) on the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, bone marrow-MSCs (BM-MSCs) were obtained from Wister rat bone morrow and then cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium /Nutrient Ham's Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) media. Then, the isolated MSCs were cultured in either osteocyte or adipocyte differentiation media containing 0.2 or 2 mg/mL AEAM and assessed using specific staining method. The isolated BM-MSCs exhibited fibroblast-like morphology and were positive for CD73, and CD90, while negative for CD34 and CD45. AEAM significantly increased self-renewal of BM-MSCs at low dose (0.2 mg/ml, P= 0.001) and increased the pool stem cells in both osteocyte and adipocyte differentiation media. AEAM at low doses may be used in cases where there is a need for large number of stem cells, via increased numbers of MSCs, and help tissue repair and immunomodulation.