Cognitive empathy across the lifespan
Aim To describe the development of cognitive empathy across the lifespan from a very large cohort using a standardized measure of cognitive empathy ability. Method Participants (n=4545, age bands 75y, 60% female) were a convenience sample recruited voluntarily from visitors to the Glasgow Science Ce...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Developmental medicine and child neurology 2022-12, Vol.64 (12), p.1524-1531 |
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| creator | Dorris, Liam Young, David Barlow, Jill Byrne, Karl Hoyle, Robin |
| description | Aim
To describe the development of cognitive empathy across the lifespan from a very large cohort using a standardized measure of cognitive empathy ability.
Method
Participants (n=4545, age bands 75y, 60% female) were a convenience sample recruited voluntarily from visitors to the Glasgow Science Centre in the UK, who completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
Results
When compared to preceding age groups, we found significant developmental gains in empathy ability in children aged 6 to 7 years (p=0.048, d=0.45) and again at 10 to 12 years (p=0.042, d=0.23), followed by a slight reduction in ability during adolescence (p=0.087, d=–0.18), and functional maturity in those aged 19 to 25 years (p=0.001, d=0.76). Cognitive empathy abilities remained relatively stable across adulthood but gradually declined in people over 65 years, with notable decline in males over 75 years (p=0.001, d=–0.98). Females performed better than males at all ages.
Interpretation
Understanding developmental issues in cognitive empathy could influence approaches to moral and social education for children, and health and social care support for older people. Standardized cognitive empathy tests could also provide novel approaches in the early detection of developmental vulnerabilities in a range of neurological conditions, and within neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders in which cognitive empathy is known to be impaired.
What this paper adds
Cognitive empathy is a late‐developing ability and changes across the lifespan.
Cognitive empathy increases during childhood but with potentially altered abilities during adolescence.
Cognitive empathy matures during early adulthood and gradually declines in older age.
There is a female advantage in cognitive empathy abilities.
Resumo
Empatia cognitiva ao longo da vida
Objetivo
Descrever o desenvolvimento da empatia cognitiva ao longo da vida de uma coorte muito grande usando uma medida padronizada da capacidade de empatia cognitiva.
Método
Os participantes (n = 4545, faixas etárias de 75 anos, 60% do sexo feminino) formaram uma amostra de conveniência recrutada voluntariamente de visitantes do Glasgow Science Centre, no Reino Unido, que completaram o Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
Resultados
Quando comparados às faixas etárias anteriores, encontramos ganhos significativos no desenvolvimento da capacidade de empatia em crianças de 6 a 7 anos (p = 0,048, d = 0,45) e novamente em 10 a 12 anos (p = 0,042, d = 0,23), seguid |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/dmcn.15263 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9790591</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2667786169</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3843-56e109289ef377c466af4289bd57a5a4f4e1845edfba7acd6a33fbb31e63c16d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kE1Lw0AQhhdRbK1e_AGSiyBC6m72K3sRJH5C1Yuel00y267ko2bTSv-9aVOLXtzLsMzDMzMvQqcEj0n3rvIyq8aER4LuoSFhQoWxZGofDTEmUUhEFA3QkfcfGGMqODtEA8q5YjxSQ3Se1NPKtW4JAZRz085Wgcma2vugnUFQOAt-bqpjdGBN4eFkW0fo_f7uLXkMJ68PT8nNJMxozGjIBRCsoliBpVJmTAhjWfdNcy4NN8wyIDHjkNvUSJPlwlBq05QSEDQjIqcjdN1754u0hDyDqm1MoeeNK02z0rVx-m-ncjM9rZdaSYW5Ip3gYito6s8F-FaXzmdQFKaCeuF1JISUsSBCdehlj27ObcDuxhCs17nqda56k2sHn_1ebIf-BNkBpAe-XAGrf1T69jl56aXfoXKDcw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2667786169</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Cognitive empathy across the lifespan</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Free Content</source><source>Wiley Online Library All Journals</source><creator>Dorris, Liam ; Young, David ; Barlow, Jill ; Byrne, Karl ; Hoyle, Robin</creator><creatorcontrib>Dorris, Liam ; Young, David ; Barlow, Jill ; Byrne, Karl ; Hoyle, Robin</creatorcontrib><description>Aim
To describe the development of cognitive empathy across the lifespan from a very large cohort using a standardized measure of cognitive empathy ability.
Method
Participants (n=4545, age bands <5y to >75y, 60% female) were a convenience sample recruited voluntarily from visitors to the Glasgow Science Centre in the UK, who completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
Results
When compared to preceding age groups, we found significant developmental gains in empathy ability in children aged 6 to 7 years (p=0.048, d=0.45) and again at 10 to 12 years (p=0.042, d=0.23), followed by a slight reduction in ability during adolescence (p=0.087, d=–0.18), and functional maturity in those aged 19 to 25 years (p=0.001, d=0.76). Cognitive empathy abilities remained relatively stable across adulthood but gradually declined in people over 65 years, with notable decline in males over 75 years (p=0.001, d=–0.98). Females performed better than males at all ages.
Interpretation
Understanding developmental issues in cognitive empathy could influence approaches to moral and social education for children, and health and social care support for older people. Standardized cognitive empathy tests could also provide novel approaches in the early detection of developmental vulnerabilities in a range of neurological conditions, and within neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders in which cognitive empathy is known to be impaired.
What this paper adds
Cognitive empathy is a late‐developing ability and changes across the lifespan.
Cognitive empathy increases during childhood but with potentially altered abilities during adolescence.
Cognitive empathy matures during early adulthood and gradually declines in older age.
There is a female advantage in cognitive empathy abilities.
Resumo
Empatia cognitiva ao longo da vida
Objetivo
Descrever o desenvolvimento da empatia cognitiva ao longo da vida de uma coorte muito grande usando uma medida padronizada da capacidade de empatia cognitiva.
Método
Os participantes (n = 4545, faixas etárias de 75 anos, 60% do sexo feminino) formaram uma amostra de conveniência recrutada voluntariamente de visitantes do Glasgow Science Centre, no Reino Unido, que completaram o Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
Resultados
Quando comparados às faixas etárias anteriores, encontramos ganhos significativos no desenvolvimento da capacidade de empatia em crianças de 6 a 7 anos (p = 0,048, d = 0,45) e novamente em 10 a 12 anos (p = 0,042, d = 0,23), seguido por uma ligeira redução na capacidade durante a adolescência (p = 0,087, d = –0,18) e maturidade funcional na faixa etária de 19 a 25 anos (p = 0,001, d = 0,76). As habilidades de empatia cognitiva permaneceram relativamente estáveis na idade adulta, mas diminuíram gradualmente em pessoas com mais de 65 anos, com declínio notável em homens com mais de 75 anos (p = 0,001, d = –0,98). As mulheres tiveram um desempenho melhor do que os homens em todas as idades.
Interpretação
Compreender questões de desenvolvimento em empatia cognitiva pode influenciar abordagens de educação moral e social para crianças e apoio de saúde e assistência social para idosos. Testes padronizados de empatia cognitiva também podem fornecer novas abordagens na detecção precoce de vulnerabilidades de desenvolvimento em uma variedade de condições neurológicas e em distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos e neurodegenerativos nos quais a empatia cognitiva é sabidamente prejudicada.
ResumenEmpatía cognitiva a lo largo de la vida
Objetivo
Describir el desarrollo de la empatía cognitiva a lo largo de la vida de una cohorte muy grande utilizando una medida estandarizada de la capacidad de empatía cognitiva.
Método
Los participantes (n = 4545, franjas de edad de 75 años, 60 % mujeres) fueron una muestra de conveniencia reclutada voluntariamente entre los visitantes del Centro de Ciencias de Glasgow en el Reino Unido, que completaron la Prueba de Lectura de la Mente en los Ojos.
Resultados
En comparación con los grupos de edad anteriores, encontramos avances significativos en el desarrollo de la capacidad de empatía en niños de 6 a 7 años (p = 0,048, d = 0,45) y nuevamente a los 10 a 12 años (p = 0,042, d = 0,23), seguidos por una ligera reducción de la capacidad durante la adolescencia (p = 0,087, d = –0,18), y madurez funcional en los de 19 a 25 años (p = 0,001, d = 0,76). Las habilidades cognitivas de empatía se mantuvieron relativamente estables durante la edad adulta, pero disminuyeron gradualmente en personas mayores de 65 años, con una disminución notable en hombres mayores de 75 años (p = 0,001, d = ‐0,98). Las mujeres se desempeñaron mejor que los varones en todas las edades.
Interpretación
Comprender los problemas de desarrollo en la empatía cognitiva podría influir en los enfoques de la educación moral y social para los niños y el apoyo de atención social y de salud para las personas mayores. Las pruebas estandarizadas de empatía cognitiva también podrían proporcionar enfoques novedosos en la detección temprana de vulnerabilidades del desarrollo en una variedad de afecciones neurológicas y dentro de los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos y neurodegenerativos en los que se sabe que la empatía cognitiva está alterada.
What this paper adds
Cognitive empathy is a late‐developing ability and changes across the lifespan.
Cognitive empathy increases during childhood but with potentially altered abilities during adolescence.
Cognitive empathy matures during early adulthood and gradually declines in older age.
There is a female advantage in cognitive empathy abilities.
This original article is commented on by Baron‐Cohen et al. on pages 1440–1441 of this issue.
Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/QeTdLP75CKE
This article's has been translated into Portuguese and Spanish.
Follow the links from the to view the translations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-1622</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8749</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15263</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35594529</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: John Wiley and Sons Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Cognition ; Empathy ; Female ; Humans ; Longevity ; Male ; Original</subject><ispartof>Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2022-12, Vol.64 (12), p.1524-1531</ispartof><rights>2022 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Mac Keith Press.</rights><rights>2022 The Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Mac Keith Press.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3843-56e109289ef377c466af4289bd57a5a4f4e1845edfba7acd6a33fbb31e63c16d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3843-56e109289ef377c466af4289bd57a5a4f4e1845edfba7acd6a33fbb31e63c16d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9502-3154</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fdmcn.15263$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fdmcn.15263$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,1416,1432,27922,27923,45572,45573,46407,46831</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35594529$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dorris, Liam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barlow, Jill</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byrne, Karl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoyle, Robin</creatorcontrib><title>Cognitive empathy across the lifespan</title><title>Developmental medicine and child neurology</title><addtitle>Dev Med Child Neurol</addtitle><description>Aim
To describe the development of cognitive empathy across the lifespan from a very large cohort using a standardized measure of cognitive empathy ability.
Method
Participants (n=4545, age bands <5y to >75y, 60% female) were a convenience sample recruited voluntarily from visitors to the Glasgow Science Centre in the UK, who completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
Results
When compared to preceding age groups, we found significant developmental gains in empathy ability in children aged 6 to 7 years (p=0.048, d=0.45) and again at 10 to 12 years (p=0.042, d=0.23), followed by a slight reduction in ability during adolescence (p=0.087, d=–0.18), and functional maturity in those aged 19 to 25 years (p=0.001, d=0.76). Cognitive empathy abilities remained relatively stable across adulthood but gradually declined in people over 65 years, with notable decline in males over 75 years (p=0.001, d=–0.98). Females performed better than males at all ages.
Interpretation
Understanding developmental issues in cognitive empathy could influence approaches to moral and social education for children, and health and social care support for older people. Standardized cognitive empathy tests could also provide novel approaches in the early detection of developmental vulnerabilities in a range of neurological conditions, and within neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders in which cognitive empathy is known to be impaired.
What this paper adds
Cognitive empathy is a late‐developing ability and changes across the lifespan.
Cognitive empathy increases during childhood but with potentially altered abilities during adolescence.
Cognitive empathy matures during early adulthood and gradually declines in older age.
There is a female advantage in cognitive empathy abilities.
Resumo
Empatia cognitiva ao longo da vida
Objetivo
Descrever o desenvolvimento da empatia cognitiva ao longo da vida de uma coorte muito grande usando uma medida padronizada da capacidade de empatia cognitiva.
Método
Os participantes (n = 4545, faixas etárias de 75 anos, 60% do sexo feminino) formaram uma amostra de conveniência recrutada voluntariamente de visitantes do Glasgow Science Centre, no Reino Unido, que completaram o Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
Resultados
Quando comparados às faixas etárias anteriores, encontramos ganhos significativos no desenvolvimento da capacidade de empatia em crianças de 6 a 7 anos (p = 0,048, d = 0,45) e novamente em 10 a 12 anos (p = 0,042, d = 0,23), seguido por uma ligeira redução na capacidade durante a adolescência (p = 0,087, d = –0,18) e maturidade funcional na faixa etária de 19 a 25 anos (p = 0,001, d = 0,76). As habilidades de empatia cognitiva permaneceram relativamente estáveis na idade adulta, mas diminuíram gradualmente em pessoas com mais de 65 anos, com declínio notável em homens com mais de 75 anos (p = 0,001, d = –0,98). As mulheres tiveram um desempenho melhor do que os homens em todas as idades.
Interpretação
Compreender questões de desenvolvimento em empatia cognitiva pode influenciar abordagens de educação moral e social para crianças e apoio de saúde e assistência social para idosos. Testes padronizados de empatia cognitiva também podem fornecer novas abordagens na detecção precoce de vulnerabilidades de desenvolvimento em uma variedade de condições neurológicas e em distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos e neurodegenerativos nos quais a empatia cognitiva é sabidamente prejudicada.
ResumenEmpatía cognitiva a lo largo de la vida
Objetivo
Describir el desarrollo de la empatía cognitiva a lo largo de la vida de una cohorte muy grande utilizando una medida estandarizada de la capacidad de empatía cognitiva.
Método
Los participantes (n = 4545, franjas de edad de 75 años, 60 % mujeres) fueron una muestra de conveniencia reclutada voluntariamente entre los visitantes del Centro de Ciencias de Glasgow en el Reino Unido, que completaron la Prueba de Lectura de la Mente en los Ojos.
Resultados
En comparación con los grupos de edad anteriores, encontramos avances significativos en el desarrollo de la capacidad de empatía en niños de 6 a 7 años (p = 0,048, d = 0,45) y nuevamente a los 10 a 12 años (p = 0,042, d = 0,23), seguidos por una ligera reducción de la capacidad durante la adolescencia (p = 0,087, d = –0,18), y madurez funcional en los de 19 a 25 años (p = 0,001, d = 0,76). Las habilidades cognitivas de empatía se mantuvieron relativamente estables durante la edad adulta, pero disminuyeron gradualmente en personas mayores de 65 años, con una disminución notable en hombres mayores de 75 años (p = 0,001, d = ‐0,98). Las mujeres se desempeñaron mejor que los varones en todas las edades.
Interpretación
Comprender los problemas de desarrollo en la empatía cognitiva podría influir en los enfoques de la educación moral y social para los niños y el apoyo de atención social y de salud para las personas mayores. Las pruebas estandarizadas de empatía cognitiva también podrían proporcionar enfoques novedosos en la detección temprana de vulnerabilidades del desarrollo en una variedad de afecciones neurológicas y dentro de los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos y neurodegenerativos en los que se sabe que la empatía cognitiva está alterada.
What this paper adds
Cognitive empathy is a late‐developing ability and changes across the lifespan.
Cognitive empathy increases during childhood but with potentially altered abilities during adolescence.
Cognitive empathy matures during early adulthood and gradually declines in older age.
There is a female advantage in cognitive empathy abilities.
This original article is commented on by Baron‐Cohen et al. on pages 1440–1441 of this issue.
Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/QeTdLP75CKE
This article's has been translated into Portuguese and Spanish.
Follow the links from the to view the translations.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Empathy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Longevity</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Original</subject><issn>0012-1622</issn><issn>1469-8749</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1Lw0AQhhdRbK1e_AGSiyBC6m72K3sRJH5C1Yuel00y267ko2bTSv-9aVOLXtzLsMzDMzMvQqcEj0n3rvIyq8aER4LuoSFhQoWxZGofDTEmUUhEFA3QkfcfGGMqODtEA8q5YjxSQ3Se1NPKtW4JAZRz085Wgcma2vugnUFQOAt-bqpjdGBN4eFkW0fo_f7uLXkMJ68PT8nNJMxozGjIBRCsoliBpVJmTAhjWfdNcy4NN8wyIDHjkNvUSJPlwlBq05QSEDQjIqcjdN1754u0hDyDqm1MoeeNK02z0rVx-m-ncjM9rZdaSYW5Ip3gYito6s8F-FaXzmdQFKaCeuF1JISUsSBCdehlj27ObcDuxhCs17nqda56k2sHn_1ebIf-BNkBpAe-XAGrf1T69jl56aXfoXKDcw</recordid><startdate>202212</startdate><enddate>202212</enddate><creator>Dorris, Liam</creator><creator>Young, David</creator><creator>Barlow, Jill</creator><creator>Byrne, Karl</creator><creator>Hoyle, Robin</creator><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-3154</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202212</creationdate><title>Cognitive empathy across the lifespan</title><author>Dorris, Liam ; Young, David ; Barlow, Jill ; Byrne, Karl ; Hoyle, Robin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3843-56e109289ef377c466af4289bd57a5a4f4e1845edfba7acd6a33fbb31e63c16d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Cognition</topic><topic>Empathy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Longevity</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Original</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dorris, Liam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barlow, Jill</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byrne, Karl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoyle, Robin</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Wiley Free Content</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Developmental medicine and child neurology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dorris, Liam</au><au>Young, David</au><au>Barlow, Jill</au><au>Byrne, Karl</au><au>Hoyle, Robin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cognitive empathy across the lifespan</atitle><jtitle>Developmental medicine and child neurology</jtitle><addtitle>Dev Med Child Neurol</addtitle><date>2022-12</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>64</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1524</spage><epage>1531</epage><pages>1524-1531</pages><issn>0012-1622</issn><eissn>1469-8749</eissn><abstract>Aim
To describe the development of cognitive empathy across the lifespan from a very large cohort using a standardized measure of cognitive empathy ability.
Method
Participants (n=4545, age bands <5y to >75y, 60% female) were a convenience sample recruited voluntarily from visitors to the Glasgow Science Centre in the UK, who completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
Results
When compared to preceding age groups, we found significant developmental gains in empathy ability in children aged 6 to 7 years (p=0.048, d=0.45) and again at 10 to 12 years (p=0.042, d=0.23), followed by a slight reduction in ability during adolescence (p=0.087, d=–0.18), and functional maturity in those aged 19 to 25 years (p=0.001, d=0.76). Cognitive empathy abilities remained relatively stable across adulthood but gradually declined in people over 65 years, with notable decline in males over 75 years (p=0.001, d=–0.98). Females performed better than males at all ages.
Interpretation
Understanding developmental issues in cognitive empathy could influence approaches to moral and social education for children, and health and social care support for older people. Standardized cognitive empathy tests could also provide novel approaches in the early detection of developmental vulnerabilities in a range of neurological conditions, and within neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders in which cognitive empathy is known to be impaired.
What this paper adds
Cognitive empathy is a late‐developing ability and changes across the lifespan.
Cognitive empathy increases during childhood but with potentially altered abilities during adolescence.
Cognitive empathy matures during early adulthood and gradually declines in older age.
There is a female advantage in cognitive empathy abilities.
Resumo
Empatia cognitiva ao longo da vida
Objetivo
Descrever o desenvolvimento da empatia cognitiva ao longo da vida de uma coorte muito grande usando uma medida padronizada da capacidade de empatia cognitiva.
Método
Os participantes (n = 4545, faixas etárias de 75 anos, 60% do sexo feminino) formaram uma amostra de conveniência recrutada voluntariamente de visitantes do Glasgow Science Centre, no Reino Unido, que completaram o Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
Resultados
Quando comparados às faixas etárias anteriores, encontramos ganhos significativos no desenvolvimento da capacidade de empatia em crianças de 6 a 7 anos (p = 0,048, d = 0,45) e novamente em 10 a 12 anos (p = 0,042, d = 0,23), seguido por uma ligeira redução na capacidade durante a adolescência (p = 0,087, d = –0,18) e maturidade funcional na faixa etária de 19 a 25 anos (p = 0,001, d = 0,76). As habilidades de empatia cognitiva permaneceram relativamente estáveis na idade adulta, mas diminuíram gradualmente em pessoas com mais de 65 anos, com declínio notável em homens com mais de 75 anos (p = 0,001, d = –0,98). As mulheres tiveram um desempenho melhor do que os homens em todas as idades.
Interpretação
Compreender questões de desenvolvimento em empatia cognitiva pode influenciar abordagens de educação moral e social para crianças e apoio de saúde e assistência social para idosos. Testes padronizados de empatia cognitiva também podem fornecer novas abordagens na detecção precoce de vulnerabilidades de desenvolvimento em uma variedade de condições neurológicas e em distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos e neurodegenerativos nos quais a empatia cognitiva é sabidamente prejudicada.
ResumenEmpatía cognitiva a lo largo de la vida
Objetivo
Describir el desarrollo de la empatía cognitiva a lo largo de la vida de una cohorte muy grande utilizando una medida estandarizada de la capacidad de empatía cognitiva.
Método
Los participantes (n = 4545, franjas de edad de 75 años, 60 % mujeres) fueron una muestra de conveniencia reclutada voluntariamente entre los visitantes del Centro de Ciencias de Glasgow en el Reino Unido, que completaron la Prueba de Lectura de la Mente en los Ojos.
Resultados
En comparación con los grupos de edad anteriores, encontramos avances significativos en el desarrollo de la capacidad de empatía en niños de 6 a 7 años (p = 0,048, d = 0,45) y nuevamente a los 10 a 12 años (p = 0,042, d = 0,23), seguidos por una ligera reducción de la capacidad durante la adolescencia (p = 0,087, d = –0,18), y madurez funcional en los de 19 a 25 años (p = 0,001, d = 0,76). Las habilidades cognitivas de empatía se mantuvieron relativamente estables durante la edad adulta, pero disminuyeron gradualmente en personas mayores de 65 años, con una disminución notable en hombres mayores de 75 años (p = 0,001, d = ‐0,98). Las mujeres se desempeñaron mejor que los varones en todas las edades.
Interpretación
Comprender los problemas de desarrollo en la empatía cognitiva podría influir en los enfoques de la educación moral y social para los niños y el apoyo de atención social y de salud para las personas mayores. Las pruebas estandarizadas de empatía cognitiva también podrían proporcionar enfoques novedosos en la detección temprana de vulnerabilidades del desarrollo en una variedad de afecciones neurológicas y dentro de los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos y neurodegenerativos en los que se sabe que la empatía cognitiva está alterada.
What this paper adds
Cognitive empathy is a late‐developing ability and changes across the lifespan.
Cognitive empathy increases during childhood but with potentially altered abilities during adolescence.
Cognitive empathy matures during early adulthood and gradually declines in older age.
There is a female advantage in cognitive empathy abilities.
This original article is commented on by Baron‐Cohen et al. on pages 1440–1441 of this issue.
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This article's has been translated into Portuguese and Spanish.
Follow the links from the to view the translations.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>John Wiley and Sons Inc</pub><pmid>35594529</pmid><doi>10.1111/dmcn.15263</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-3154</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0012-1622 |
| ispartof | Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2022-12, Vol.64 (12), p.1524-1531 |
| issn | 0012-1622 1469-8749 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9790591 |
| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Free Content; Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Child Cognition Empathy Female Humans Longevity Male Original |
| title | Cognitive empathy across the lifespan |
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