Effects of Fermented Garlic Extract Containing Nitric Oxide Metabolites on Blood Flow in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Aged or fermented garlic extract (FGE) is a natural remedy that improves vascular function through increasing vascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. This is because nitrite (NO ), a NO metabolite, can be produced through bioconversion with macrobacteria during the fermentation of foods like gar...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2022-12, Vol.14 (24), p.5238 |
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| creator | Baik, Ji Soo Min, Ji Hong Ju, Sung Min Ahn, Jae Hyun Ko, Sung Hwa Chon, Hyun Soo Kim, Min Sun Shin, Yong Il |
| description | Aged or fermented garlic extract (FGE) is a natural remedy that improves vascular function through increasing vascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. This is because nitrite (NO
), a NO metabolite, can be produced through bioconversion with macrobacteria during the fermentation of foods like garlic. We aimed to evaluate the effects of NO
in FGE on blood flow (BF), blood pressure (BP), velocity of the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), regional cerebral BF (rCBF), and peripheral BF (PBF). The study was divided into two parts: (1) Thirty healthy adults were divided into FGE and placebo groups to compare BP and velocity of the CCA and ICA; and (2) Twenty-eight healthy adults were divided into FGE and placebo groups to compare rCBF and PBF and determine changes before/after ingestion. Significant changes were noted in BP and the velocity of both CCA 30-60 min after FGE ingestion. FGE ingestion resulted in significant increases in rCBF and increases in body surface temperature through alterations in PBF. No detectable clinical side effects were noted. Overall, oral administration of NO
containing FGE demonstrated acute positive effects in upregulating BF, including the CCA, BP, rCBF, and PBF. Follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and long-term ingestion may be needed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu14245238 |
| format | Article |
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), a NO metabolite, can be produced through bioconversion with macrobacteria during the fermentation of foods like garlic. We aimed to evaluate the effects of NO
in FGE on blood flow (BF), blood pressure (BP), velocity of the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), regional cerebral BF (rCBF), and peripheral BF (PBF). The study was divided into two parts: (1) Thirty healthy adults were divided into FGE and placebo groups to compare BP and velocity of the CCA and ICA; and (2) Twenty-eight healthy adults were divided into FGE and placebo groups to compare rCBF and PBF and determine changes before/after ingestion. Significant changes were noted in BP and the velocity of both CCA 30-60 min after FGE ingestion. FGE ingestion resulted in significant increases in rCBF and increases in body surface temperature through alterations in PBF. No detectable clinical side effects were noted. Overall, oral administration of NO
containing FGE demonstrated acute positive effects in upregulating BF, including the CCA, BP, rCBF, and PBF. Follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and long-term ingestion may be needed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu14245238</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36558397</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adults ; Aged ; Alzheimer's disease ; Antioxidants ; Bioavailability ; Bioconversion ; Blood flow ; Blood Flow Velocity - physiology ; Blood pressure ; Body temperature ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Carotid arteries ; Experiments ; Fermentation ; Fermented food ; Garlic ; Garlic - metabolism ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Ingestion ; Metabolites ; Mortality ; Nitric oxide ; Nitric Oxide - metabolism ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Oral administration ; Placebos ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Surface temperature ; Ultrasonic imaging ; Veins & arteries ; Velocity</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2022-12, Vol.14 (24), p.5238</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c473t-c3755c46ff7f729c1ade3c03e00c8518063afb76327569629b7cbc011424afa43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c473t-c3755c46ff7f729c1ade3c03e00c8518063afb76327569629b7cbc011424afa43</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4900-5972 ; 0000-0002-2097-9194 ; 0000-0001-7894-0930 ; 0000-0001-5064-1752</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9781726/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9781726/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27903,27904,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36558397$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Baik, Ji Soo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Min, Ji Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ju, Sung Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Jae Hyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ko, Sung Hwa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chon, Hyun Soo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Min Sun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shin, Yong Il</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Fermented Garlic Extract Containing Nitric Oxide Metabolites on Blood Flow in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>Aged or fermented garlic extract (FGE) is a natural remedy that improves vascular function through increasing vascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. This is because nitrite (NO
), a NO metabolite, can be produced through bioconversion with macrobacteria during the fermentation of foods like garlic. We aimed to evaluate the effects of NO
in FGE on blood flow (BF), blood pressure (BP), velocity of the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), regional cerebral BF (rCBF), and peripheral BF (PBF). The study was divided into two parts: (1) Thirty healthy adults were divided into FGE and placebo groups to compare BP and velocity of the CCA and ICA; and (2) Twenty-eight healthy adults were divided into FGE and placebo groups to compare rCBF and PBF and determine changes before/after ingestion. Significant changes were noted in BP and the velocity of both CCA 30-60 min after FGE ingestion. FGE ingestion resulted in significant increases in rCBF and increases in body surface temperature through alterations in PBF. No detectable clinical side effects were noted. Overall, oral administration of NO
containing FGE demonstrated acute positive effects in upregulating BF, including the CCA, BP, rCBF, and PBF. Follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and long-term ingestion may be needed.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Bioconversion</subject><subject>Blood flow</subject><subject>Blood Flow Velocity - physiology</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Body temperature</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Carotid arteries</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Fermented food</subject><subject>Garlic</subject><subject>Garlic - metabolism</subject><subject>Healthy Volunteers</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Ingestion</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide - metabolism</subject><subject>Nitrogen Dioxide</subject><subject>Oral administration</subject><subject>Placebos</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Surface temperature</subject><subject>Ultrasonic imaging</subject><subject>Veins & arteries</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNptUttu1DAQjRAVrdq-8AHIEm9IW5w4sRMekLar3RapF4TKszVx7O1Ujr3YXmj5Bj4aRy29SNgPHs2cOXNmPEXxtqRHjHX0o9uWdVU3FWtfFXsVFdWM85q9fmbvFocx3tDpCCo4e1PsMt40LevEXvFnaYxWKRJvyEqHUbukB3ICwaIiy9sUQCWy8C4BOnRrcoEp5MjlLQ6anOsEvbeYdM535Nh6P5CV9b8IOnKqwabrO_IVQkKFG3ApfiJz8g3c4Ef8nctMvMFbm82rgGAPih0DNurDh3e_-L5aXi1OZ2eXJ18W87OZqgVLM8VE06iaGyOMqDpVwqCZokxTqtqmbClnYPrcaSUa3vGq64XqFS2nQYGBmu0Xn-95N9t-1IPKTQewchNwhHAnPaB8GXF4Ldf-p-xEW4qKZ4L3DwTB_9jqmOSN3waXNcuppqinST-h1mC1RGf8NM4Ro5JzUWd5-QMnMUf_QeU76BGVd9pg9r9I-HCfoIKPMWjzKLykctoJ-bQTGfzueauP0H8bwP4C3jSxnw</recordid><startdate>20221208</startdate><enddate>20221208</enddate><creator>Baik, Ji Soo</creator><creator>Min, Ji Hong</creator><creator>Ju, Sung Min</creator><creator>Ahn, Jae Hyun</creator><creator>Ko, Sung Hwa</creator><creator>Chon, Hyun Soo</creator><creator>Kim, Min Sun</creator><creator>Shin, Yong Il</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5972</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2097-9194</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-0930</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-1752</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20221208</creationdate><title>Effects of Fermented Garlic Extract Containing Nitric Oxide Metabolites on Blood Flow in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial</title><author>Baik, Ji Soo ; 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This is because nitrite (NO
), a NO metabolite, can be produced through bioconversion with macrobacteria during the fermentation of foods like garlic. We aimed to evaluate the effects of NO
in FGE on blood flow (BF), blood pressure (BP), velocity of the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), regional cerebral BF (rCBF), and peripheral BF (PBF). The study was divided into two parts: (1) Thirty healthy adults were divided into FGE and placebo groups to compare BP and velocity of the CCA and ICA; and (2) Twenty-eight healthy adults were divided into FGE and placebo groups to compare rCBF and PBF and determine changes before/after ingestion. Significant changes were noted in BP and the velocity of both CCA 30-60 min after FGE ingestion. FGE ingestion resulted in significant increases in rCBF and increases in body surface temperature through alterations in PBF. No detectable clinical side effects were noted. Overall, oral administration of NO
containing FGE demonstrated acute positive effects in upregulating BF, including the CCA, BP, rCBF, and PBF. Follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and long-term ingestion may be needed.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36558397</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu14245238</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5972</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2097-9194</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-0930</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-1752</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Adults Aged Alzheimer's disease Antioxidants Bioavailability Bioconversion Blood flow Blood Flow Velocity - physiology Blood pressure Body temperature Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Carotid arteries Experiments Fermentation Fermented food Garlic Garlic - metabolism Healthy Volunteers Humans Hypertension Ingestion Metabolites Mortality Nitric oxide Nitric Oxide - metabolism Nitrogen Dioxide Oral administration Placebos Plant Extracts - pharmacology Surface temperature Ultrasonic imaging Veins & arteries Velocity |
| title | Effects of Fermented Garlic Extract Containing Nitric Oxide Metabolites on Blood Flow in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
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