The hypertension cascade of care in the midst of conflict: the case of the Gaza Strip
Although hypertension constitutes a substantial burden in conflict-affected areas, little is known about its prevalence, control, and management in Gaza. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, its diagnosis and control among adults in Gaza. We conducted a represen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of human hypertension 2023-10, Vol.37 (10), p.957-968 |
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| creator | Abu Hamad, Bassam A. Jamaluddine, Zeina Safadi, Gloria Ragi, Marie-Elizabeth Ahmad, Raeda El Sayed Vamos, Eszter P. Basu, Sanjay Yudkin, John S. Jawad, Mohammed Millett, Christopher Ghattas, Hala |
| description | Although hypertension constitutes a substantial burden in conflict-affected areas, little is known about its prevalence, control, and management in Gaza. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, its diagnosis and control among adults in Gaza. We conducted a representative, cross-sectional, anonymous, household survey of 4576 persons older than 40 years in Gaza in mid-2020. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements. Hypertension was defined in anyone with an average systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or average diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg from two consecutive readings or a hypertension diagnosis. The mean age of participants was 56.9 ± 10.5 years, 54.0% were female and 68.5% were Palestinian refugees. The prevalence of hypertension was 56.5%, of whom 71.5% had been diagnosed. Hypertension was significantly higher among older participants, refugees, ex-smokers, those who were overweight or obese, and had other co-morbidities including mental illnesses. Two-thirds (68.3%) of those with hypertension were on treatment with one in three (35.6%) having their hypertension controlled. Having controlled hypertension was significantly higher in females, those receiving all medications for high blood pressure and those who never or rarely added salt to food. Investing in comprehensive but cost-effective initiatives that strengthen the prevention, early detection and timely treatment of hypertension in conflict settings is critical. It is essential to better understand the underlying barriers behind the lack of control and develop multi-sectoral programs to address these barriers. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41371-022-00783-w |
| format | Article |
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This study aims to estimate the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, its diagnosis and control among adults in Gaza. We conducted a representative, cross-sectional, anonymous, household survey of 4576 persons older than 40 years in Gaza in mid-2020. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements. Hypertension was defined in anyone with an average systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or average diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg from two consecutive readings or a hypertension diagnosis. The mean age of participants was 56.9 ± 10.5 years, 54.0% were female and 68.5% were Palestinian refugees. The prevalence of hypertension was 56.5%, of whom 71.5% had been diagnosed. Hypertension was significantly higher among older participants, refugees, ex-smokers, those who were overweight or obese, and had other co-morbidities including mental illnesses. Two-thirds (68.3%) of those with hypertension were on treatment with one in three (35.6%) having their hypertension controlled. Having controlled hypertension was significantly higher in females, those receiving all medications for high blood pressure and those who never or rarely added salt to food. Investing in comprehensive but cost-effective initiatives that strengthen the prevention, early detection and timely treatment of hypertension in conflict settings is critical. It is essential to better understand the underlying barriers behind the lack of control and develop multi-sectoral programs to address these barriers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1476-5527</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0950-9240</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5527</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00783-w</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36509988</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/499 ; 692/699/75/243 ; 692/700 ; 692/700/139 ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Health Administration ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension - diagnosis ; Hypertension - drug therapy ; Hypertension - epidemiology ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Middle East - epidemiology ; Obesity - epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Refugees</subject><ispartof>Journal of human hypertension, 2023-10, Vol.37 (10), p.957-968</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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This study aims to estimate the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, its diagnosis and control among adults in Gaza. We conducted a representative, cross-sectional, anonymous, household survey of 4576 persons older than 40 years in Gaza in mid-2020. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements. Hypertension was defined in anyone with an average systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or average diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg from two consecutive readings or a hypertension diagnosis. The mean age of participants was 56.9 ± 10.5 years, 54.0% were female and 68.5% were Palestinian refugees. The prevalence of hypertension was 56.5%, of whom 71.5% had been diagnosed. Hypertension was significantly higher among older participants, refugees, ex-smokers, those who were overweight or obese, and had other co-morbidities including mental illnesses. Two-thirds (68.3%) of those with hypertension were on treatment with one in three (35.6%) having their hypertension controlled. Having controlled hypertension was significantly higher in females, those receiving all medications for high blood pressure and those who never or rarely added salt to food. Investing in comprehensive but cost-effective initiatives that strengthen the prevention, early detection and timely treatment of hypertension in conflict settings is critical. 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| subjects | 692/499 692/699/75/243 692/700 692/700/139 Adult Aged Blood Pressure Cross-Sectional Studies Diagnosis Epidemiology Female Health Administration Humans Hypertension Hypertension - diagnosis Hypertension - drug therapy Hypertension - epidemiology Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Middle East - epidemiology Obesity - epidemiology Prevalence Public Health Refugees |
| title | The hypertension cascade of care in the midst of conflict: the case of the Gaza Strip |
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