Preeclampsia Incidence and Its Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes With Associated Risk Factors

Background and objective Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that usually arises after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It is considered a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. High blood pressure and high proteinuria are the two main characteristics of preeclamptic patients. Preeclampsia...

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Veröffentlicht in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2022-11, Vol.14 (11), p.e31143-e31143
Hauptverfasser: Khan, Bisma, Allah Yar, Razia, Khakwani, Ayesha Khan, Karim, Sajilah, Arslan Ali, Hafiz
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container_title Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)
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creator Khan, Bisma
Allah Yar, Razia
Khakwani, Ayesha Khan
Karim, Sajilah
Arslan Ali, Hafiz
description Background and objective Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that usually arises after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It is considered a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. High blood pressure and high proteinuria are the two main characteristics of preeclamptic patients. Preeclampsia leads to either severe or mild conditions, but in both cases, it affects the organs of the mother and fetus. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia and associated risk factors (family history, age, hypertension, and diabetes) and to investigate its fetal and maternal outcomes. Methodology This prospective study was conducted at three healthcare units in the Multan district and involved patients with gestational hypertension. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of blood pressure values, urine tests, and through Doppler ultrasound. Further investigations were conducted, including a complete hemogram and a 24-hour test for proteinuria. Results for preeclampsia-related maternal and perinatal outcomes were documented and statistical analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results A total of 142 patients were diagnosed with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia during the two-year study period. Our findings showed 8.67% cases of gestational hypertension and 3% of preeclampsia. The majority of the preeclamptic patients were less than 24 years of age (33.3%), belonged to lower socioeconomic classes (44.4%), and had low educational levels (81.1%). A close association of family history (36.67%) with diabetes (15.5%) and chronic hypertension (5.55%) was observed in these patients. Maternal and fetal outcomes were related to maternal blood pressure. A significant incidence of premature births (45.6%) and a majority of cesarean cases (63.4%) with severe complications were observed. Data from preeclamptic patients showed high albuminuria levels (42.2%) with problems like renal infection, pulmonary edema, and severe anemia. During the study period, a neonatal death rate of 11.1% was observed as well as issues like respiratory tract syndrome, asphyxia, and growth retardation. Conclusion This study showed that poor economic and educational levels are significantly associated with this disease. A high rate of maternal and neonatal morbidity with neonatal mortality was investigated. Mild to severe outcomes were observed in the form of cesarean deliveries and preterm births. Serious complications lead to ICU admissions causing a serious burde
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It is considered a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. High blood pressure and high proteinuria are the two main characteristics of preeclamptic patients. Preeclampsia leads to either severe or mild conditions, but in both cases, it affects the organs of the mother and fetus. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia and associated risk factors (family history, age, hypertension, and diabetes) and to investigate its fetal and maternal outcomes. Methodology This prospective study was conducted at three healthcare units in the Multan district and involved patients with gestational hypertension. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of blood pressure values, urine tests, and through Doppler ultrasound. Further investigations were conducted, including a complete hemogram and a 24-hour test for proteinuria. Results for preeclampsia-related maternal and perinatal outcomes were documented and statistical analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results A total of 142 patients were diagnosed with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia during the two-year study period. Our findings showed 8.67% cases of gestational hypertension and 3% of preeclampsia. The majority of the preeclamptic patients were less than 24 years of age (33.3%), belonged to lower socioeconomic classes (44.4%), and had low educational levels (81.1%). A close association of family history (36.67%) with diabetes (15.5%) and chronic hypertension (5.55%) was observed in these patients. Maternal and fetal outcomes were related to maternal blood pressure. A significant incidence of premature births (45.6%) and a majority of cesarean cases (63.4%) with severe complications were observed. Data from preeclamptic patients showed high albuminuria levels (42.2%) with problems like renal infection, pulmonary edema, and severe anemia. During the study period, a neonatal death rate of 11.1% was observed as well as issues like respiratory tract syndrome, asphyxia, and growth retardation. Conclusion This study showed that poor economic and educational levels are significantly associated with this disease. A high rate of maternal and neonatal morbidity with neonatal mortality was investigated. Mild to severe outcomes were observed in the form of cesarean deliveries and preterm births. Serious complications lead to ICU admissions causing a serious burden on healthcare units. Paying more attention to the healthcare needs of pregnant women helps to identify preeclampsia earlier and also minimizes the complications associated with it.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31143</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36483900</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Cureus Inc</publisher><subject>Age ; Blood pressure ; Cardiovascular disease ; Developing countries ; Eclampsia ; Epidemiology/Public Health ; Family medical history ; Gestational diabetes ; Gynecology ; Hypertension ; Kidneys ; LDCs ; Manual workers ; Newborn babies ; Obesity ; Obstetrics ; Obstetrics/Gynecology ; Patients ; Preeclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Premature birth ; Public Health ; Risk factors ; Sociodemographics ; Urine ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA), 2022-11, Vol.14 (11), p.e31143-e31143</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2022, Khan et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022, Khan et al. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). 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It is considered a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. High blood pressure and high proteinuria are the two main characteristics of preeclamptic patients. Preeclampsia leads to either severe or mild conditions, but in both cases, it affects the organs of the mother and fetus. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia and associated risk factors (family history, age, hypertension, and diabetes) and to investigate its fetal and maternal outcomes. Methodology This prospective study was conducted at three healthcare units in the Multan district and involved patients with gestational hypertension. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of blood pressure values, urine tests, and through Doppler ultrasound. Further investigations were conducted, including a complete hemogram and a 24-hour test for proteinuria. Results for preeclampsia-related maternal and perinatal outcomes were documented and statistical analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results A total of 142 patients were diagnosed with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia during the two-year study period. Our findings showed 8.67% cases of gestational hypertension and 3% of preeclampsia. The majority of the preeclamptic patients were less than 24 years of age (33.3%), belonged to lower socioeconomic classes (44.4%), and had low educational levels (81.1%). A close association of family history (36.67%) with diabetes (15.5%) and chronic hypertension (5.55%) was observed in these patients. Maternal and fetal outcomes were related to maternal blood pressure. A significant incidence of premature births (45.6%) and a majority of cesarean cases (63.4%) with severe complications were observed. Data from preeclamptic patients showed high albuminuria levels (42.2%) with problems like renal infection, pulmonary edema, and severe anemia. During the study period, a neonatal death rate of 11.1% was observed as well as issues like respiratory tract syndrome, asphyxia, and growth retardation. Conclusion This study showed that poor economic and educational levels are significantly associated with this disease. A high rate of maternal and neonatal morbidity with neonatal mortality was investigated. Mild to severe outcomes were observed in the form of cesarean deliveries and preterm births. Serious complications lead to ICU admissions causing a serious burden on healthcare units. Paying more attention to the healthcare needs of pregnant women helps to identify preeclampsia earlier and also minimizes the complications associated with it.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Eclampsia</subject><subject>Epidemiology/Public Health</subject><subject>Family medical history</subject><subject>Gestational diabetes</subject><subject>Gynecology</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Manual workers</subject><subject>Newborn babies</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obstetrics</subject><subject>Obstetrics/Gynecology</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Preeclampsia</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Premature birth</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Sociodemographics</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>2168-8184</issn><issn>2168-8184</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkctLxDAQxoMoKurNsxS8eHA1j6ZJL4KIj4X1gSiCl5CmU422zZqkgv-92V0V9TSvHx8z8yG0TfCBELw8NIOHIRwwQnK2hNYpKeRIEpkv_8rX0FYILxhjggXFAq-iNVbkkpUYr6PHGw9gWt1Ng9XZuDe2ht5Apvs6G8eQXeoIvtftvHEFrtcxFddDNK6DkD3Y-Jwdh-CMTWCd3drwmp1pE50Pm2il0W2Ara-4ge7PTu9OLkaT6_PxyfFkZFhO44hVpZTAcyqNhpxWZSOFIU1Z4KqqTSXTVMgUgDc6F5zzqsA1l1VBaMFzzNkGOlroToeqg9pAH71u1dTbTvsP5bRVfye9fVZP7l2VgrL0hySw9yXg3dsAIarOBgNtq3twQ1BUcMawJEImdPcf-uKG2X_mVCmKQnCaqP0FZbwLwUPzswzBauabWvim5r4lfOf3AT_wt0vsEywBlKY</recordid><startdate>20221106</startdate><enddate>20221106</enddate><creator>Khan, Bisma</creator><creator>Allah Yar, Razia</creator><creator>Khakwani, Ayesha Khan</creator><creator>Karim, Sajilah</creator><creator>Arslan Ali, Hafiz</creator><general>Cureus Inc</general><general>Cureus</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20221106</creationdate><title>Preeclampsia Incidence and Its Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes With Associated Risk Factors</title><author>Khan, Bisma ; 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It is considered a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. High blood pressure and high proteinuria are the two main characteristics of preeclamptic patients. Preeclampsia leads to either severe or mild conditions, but in both cases, it affects the organs of the mother and fetus. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia and associated risk factors (family history, age, hypertension, and diabetes) and to investigate its fetal and maternal outcomes. Methodology This prospective study was conducted at three healthcare units in the Multan district and involved patients with gestational hypertension. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of blood pressure values, urine tests, and through Doppler ultrasound. Further investigations were conducted, including a complete hemogram and a 24-hour test for proteinuria. Results for preeclampsia-related maternal and perinatal outcomes were documented and statistical analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results A total of 142 patients were diagnosed with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia during the two-year study period. Our findings showed 8.67% cases of gestational hypertension and 3% of preeclampsia. The majority of the preeclamptic patients were less than 24 years of age (33.3%), belonged to lower socioeconomic classes (44.4%), and had low educational levels (81.1%). A close association of family history (36.67%) with diabetes (15.5%) and chronic hypertension (5.55%) was observed in these patients. Maternal and fetal outcomes were related to maternal blood pressure. A significant incidence of premature births (45.6%) and a majority of cesarean cases (63.4%) with severe complications were observed. Data from preeclamptic patients showed high albuminuria levels (42.2%) with problems like renal infection, pulmonary edema, and severe anemia. During the study period, a neonatal death rate of 11.1% was observed as well as issues like respiratory tract syndrome, asphyxia, and growth retardation. Conclusion This study showed that poor economic and educational levels are significantly associated with this disease. A high rate of maternal and neonatal morbidity with neonatal mortality was investigated. Mild to severe outcomes were observed in the form of cesarean deliveries and preterm births. Serious complications lead to ICU admissions causing a serious burden on healthcare units. Paying more attention to the healthcare needs of pregnant women helps to identify preeclampsia earlier and also minimizes the complications associated with it.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Cureus Inc</pub><pmid>36483900</pmid><doi>10.7759/cureus.31143</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Age
Blood pressure
Cardiovascular disease
Developing countries
Eclampsia
Epidemiology/Public Health
Family medical history
Gestational diabetes
Gynecology
Hypertension
Kidneys
LDCs
Manual workers
Newborn babies
Obesity
Obstetrics
Obstetrics/Gynecology
Patients
Preeclampsia
Pregnancy
Premature birth
Public Health
Risk factors
Sociodemographics
Urine
Womens health
title Preeclampsia Incidence and Its Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes With Associated Risk Factors
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