Characterization of Date Seed Powder Derived Porous Graphene Oxide and Its Application as an Environmental Functional Material to Remove Dye from Aqueous Solutions
This study aims to prepare graphene oxide (GO) from raw date seeds (RDSs), considered one of the available agricultural wastes in Saudi Arabia. The preparation method is done by the conversion of date seeds to lignin and then to graphite which is used in a modified Hummer's method to obtain GO....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2022-11, Vol.15 (22), p.8136 |
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| creator | Al-Zahrani, Fatimah A M Al-Shehri, Badria M El-Shishtawy, Reda M Awwad, Nasser S Khan, Khalid Ali Sayed, M A Siddeeg, Saifeldin M |
| description | This study aims to prepare graphene oxide (GO) from raw date seeds (RDSs), considered one of the available agricultural wastes in Saudi Arabia. The preparation method is done by the conversion of date seeds to lignin and then to graphite which is used in a modified Hummer's method to obtain GO. The adsorption of insoluble phenothiazine-derived dye (PTZS) over raw date Seeds (RDSs) as a low-cost adsorbent was investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize (RDSs). According to the calculations, Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second-order accurately predicted the kinetic rate of adsorption. The adsorption ability was 4.889 mg/g, and the removal rate was 93.98% GO-date Seeds mass, 11 mg/L starting dye concentration, at a temperature of 328 K, pH 9, and contact length of 30 min by boosting the PTZS solution's ionic strength. In addition, the computed free energies revealed that the adsorption process was physical. Thermodynamic calculations revealed that dye adsorption onto GO-date seeds was exothermic and spontaneous. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma15228136 |
| format | Article |
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The preparation method is done by the conversion of date seeds to lignin and then to graphite which is used in a modified Hummer's method to obtain GO. The adsorption of insoluble phenothiazine-derived dye (PTZS) over raw date Seeds (RDSs) as a low-cost adsorbent was investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize (RDSs). According to the calculations, Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second-order accurately predicted the kinetic rate of adsorption. The adsorption ability was 4.889 mg/g, and the removal rate was 93.98% GO-date Seeds mass, 11 mg/L starting dye concentration, at a temperature of 328 K, pH 9, and contact length of 30 min by boosting the PTZS solution's ionic strength. In addition, the computed free energies revealed that the adsorption process was physical. Thermodynamic calculations revealed that dye adsorption onto GO-date seeds was exothermic and spontaneous.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma15228136</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36431622</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adsorbents ; Adsorption ; Agricultural wastes ; Aqueous solutions ; Cellulose ; Diffraction ; Dyes ; Fourier transforms ; Functional materials ; Graphene ; Graphite ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Lignin ; Membrane separation ; Powders ; Seeds ; Spectrum analysis ; Water treatment ; X-rays</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2022-11, Vol.15 (22), p.8136</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Thermodynamic calculations revealed that dye adsorption onto GO-date seeds was exothermic and spontaneous.</description><subject>Adsorbents</subject><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Agricultural wastes</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Diffraction</subject><subject>Dyes</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Functional materials</subject><subject>Graphene</subject><subject>Graphite</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Lignin</subject><subject>Membrane separation</subject><subject>Powders</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Water treatment</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdks1u1DAQgCMEolXphQdAlrigSlvs-GfjC9Jqty2ViooonK2JM-m6SuzFThba1-mL4rClFOyDxzPf_NlTFK8ZPeZc0_c9MFmWFePqWbHPtFYzpoV4_kTeKw5TuqF5cc6qUr8s9rgSnKmy3C_ul2uIYAeM7g4GFzwJLVnBgOQKsSGfw48GI1ll8_b3NYYxkbMImzV6JJc_XYMEfEPOh0QWm03n7C4KpKwmJ37rYvA9-gE6cjp6Oxmz-AmmjFkYAvmCfdgiWd0iaWPoyeL7iFOWq9CNE55eFS9a6BIePpwHxbfTk6_Lj7OLy7Pz5eJiZoWQw6xUlZCS1rxsoJZS6KYChrQtLUOhWF1RATW2QtmmEkArlTUcNLOy4q22jB8UH3ZxN2PdY2Nz1RE6s4muh3hrAjjzr8W7tbkOW6OV5lyoHODdQ4AYchNpML1LFrsO_NSRKeeCSqrmVGf07X_oTRhjfpqJ4vnXpKBVpo531DV0aJxvQ85r826wdzZ4bF3WL-ZCzgVTVGSHo52DjSGliO1j9YyaaV7M33nJ8Jun_T6if6aD_wJwKrzW</recordid><startdate>20221116</startdate><enddate>20221116</enddate><creator>Al-Zahrani, Fatimah A M</creator><creator>Al-Shehri, Badria M</creator><creator>El-Shishtawy, Reda M</creator><creator>Awwad, Nasser S</creator><creator>Khan, Khalid Ali</creator><creator>Sayed, M A</creator><creator>Siddeeg, Saifeldin M</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5506-8991</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-529X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3040-3834</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-6338</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-6996</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20221116</creationdate><title>Characterization of Date Seed Powder Derived Porous Graphene Oxide and Its Application as an Environmental Functional Material to Remove Dye from Aqueous Solutions</title><author>Al-Zahrani, Fatimah A M ; Al-Shehri, Badria M ; El-Shishtawy, Reda M ; Awwad, Nasser S ; Khan, Khalid Ali ; Sayed, M A ; Siddeeg, Saifeldin M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-2684550b32dab5549d8a1e0f2c1e461b804abef46cd84a086b803a91c583f9c13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adsorbents</topic><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Agricultural wastes</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Cellulose</topic><topic>Diffraction</topic><topic>Dyes</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Functional materials</topic><topic>Graphene</topic><topic>Graphite</topic><topic>Infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Lignin</topic><topic>Membrane separation</topic><topic>Powders</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Water treatment</topic><topic>X-rays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Al-Zahrani, Fatimah A M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Shehri, Badria M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El-Shishtawy, Reda M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Awwad, Nasser S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Khalid Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sayed, M A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siddeeg, Saifeldin M</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Al-Zahrani, Fatimah A M</au><au>Al-Shehri, Badria M</au><au>El-Shishtawy, Reda M</au><au>Awwad, Nasser S</au><au>Khan, Khalid Ali</au><au>Sayed, M A</au><au>Siddeeg, Saifeldin M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of Date Seed Powder Derived Porous Graphene Oxide and Its Application as an Environmental Functional Material to Remove Dye from Aqueous Solutions</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><date>2022-11-16</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>22</issue><spage>8136</spage><pages>8136-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>This study aims to prepare graphene oxide (GO) from raw date seeds (RDSs), considered one of the available agricultural wastes in Saudi Arabia. The preparation method is done by the conversion of date seeds to lignin and then to graphite which is used in a modified Hummer's method to obtain GO. The adsorption of insoluble phenothiazine-derived dye (PTZS) over raw date Seeds (RDSs) as a low-cost adsorbent was investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize (RDSs). According to the calculations, Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second-order accurately predicted the kinetic rate of adsorption. The adsorption ability was 4.889 mg/g, and the removal rate was 93.98% GO-date Seeds mass, 11 mg/L starting dye concentration, at a temperature of 328 K, pH 9, and contact length of 30 min by boosting the PTZS solution's ionic strength. In addition, the computed free energies revealed that the adsorption process was physical. Thermodynamic calculations revealed that dye adsorption onto GO-date seeds was exothermic and spontaneous.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36431622</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma15228136</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5506-8991</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-529X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3040-3834</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-6338</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-6996</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adsorbents Adsorption Agricultural wastes Aqueous solutions Cellulose Diffraction Dyes Fourier transforms Functional materials Graphene Graphite Infrared spectroscopy Lignin Membrane separation Powders Seeds Spectrum analysis Water treatment X-rays |
| title | Characterization of Date Seed Powder Derived Porous Graphene Oxide and Its Application as an Environmental Functional Material to Remove Dye from Aqueous Solutions |
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