Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ferrite-Austenite Duplex Fe-Mn-Al-(Cu)-C Steel under Different Annealing Temperatures
The effect of Cu addition and the intercritical annealing (IA) temperature on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Fe-0.4C-7Mn-4Al (wt%) was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoindentation...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2022-11, Vol.15 (22), p.8271 |
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| creator | Yan, Xiang Wu, Yiming Zhang, Minghe Liu, Songsong Sun, Lihui Feng, Yunli |
| description | The effect of Cu addition and the intercritical annealing (IA) temperature on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Fe-0.4C-7Mn-4Al (wt%) was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoindentation tests. The results showed that the volume fraction and the average grain size of austenite, and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries, increased with IA temperature increase in the range of 650 °C to 710 °C. The addition of Cu facilitates the formation of Cu-rich nanoparticles, raises the volume fraction of austenite, and delays the recrystallization of austenite. As IA temperature increased, the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and Lüders bands strain (LBS) decreased in both experimental steels. The Cu addition not only increases the YS of medium Mn steel but also benefits the decrease of LBS. The best comprehensive mechanical properties were obtained at the IA temperature of 690 °C in the studied steel, with Cu addition. According to nanoindentation experiments, the Cu addition raises the hardness of ferrite and austenite from 4.7 GPa to 6.3 GPa and 7.4 GPa to 8.5 GPa, respectively, contributing to the increase of YS of medium-Mn steel. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma15228271 |
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The results showed that the volume fraction and the average grain size of austenite, and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries, increased with IA temperature increase in the range of 650 °C to 710 °C. The addition of Cu facilitates the formation of Cu-rich nanoparticles, raises the volume fraction of austenite, and delays the recrystallization of austenite. As IA temperature increased, the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and Lüders bands strain (LBS) decreased in both experimental steels. The Cu addition not only increases the YS of medium Mn steel but also benefits the decrease of LBS. The best comprehensive mechanical properties were obtained at the IA temperature of 690 °C in the studied steel, with Cu addition. According to nanoindentation experiments, the Cu addition raises the hardness of ferrite and austenite from 4.7 GPa to 6.3 GPa and 7.4 GPa to 8.5 GPa, respectively, contributing to the increase of YS of medium-Mn steel.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma15228271</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36431756</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aluminum ; Annealing ; Austenite ; Carbon ; Cold ; Copper ; Diffraction ; Ductility ; Electron backscatter diffraction ; Evolution ; Grain boundaries ; Grain size ; Hardness ; Iron ; Iron compounds ; Luders lines ; Manganese steels ; Mechanical properties ; Microstructure ; Nanoindentation ; Nanoparticles ; Recrystallization ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Steel ; Temperature ; Tensile strength ; Ultimate tensile strength ; X-rays ; Yield strength ; Yield stress</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2022-11, Vol.15 (22), p.8271</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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The results showed that the volume fraction and the average grain size of austenite, and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries, increased with IA temperature increase in the range of 650 °C to 710 °C. The addition of Cu facilitates the formation of Cu-rich nanoparticles, raises the volume fraction of austenite, and delays the recrystallization of austenite. As IA temperature increased, the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and Lüders bands strain (LBS) decreased in both experimental steels. The Cu addition not only increases the YS of medium Mn steel but also benefits the decrease of LBS. The best comprehensive mechanical properties were obtained at the IA temperature of 690 °C in the studied steel, with Cu addition. According to nanoindentation experiments, the Cu addition raises the hardness of ferrite and austenite from 4.7 GPa to 6.3 GPa and 7.4 GPa to 8.5 GPa, respectively, contributing to the increase of YS of medium-Mn steel.</description><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Annealing</subject><subject>Austenite</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Cold</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Diffraction</subject><subject>Ductility</subject><subject>Electron backscatter diffraction</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Grain boundaries</subject><subject>Grain size</subject><subject>Hardness</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Iron compounds</subject><subject>Luders lines</subject><subject>Manganese steels</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Microstructure</subject><subject>Nanoindentation</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Recrystallization</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Steel</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><subject>Ultimate tensile strength</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><subject>Yield strength</subject><subject>Yield stress</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkt1qFDEUgIMotqy98QEk4E0VpuZ3ZnIjLNtWhS4K1uuQzZzZpmSSNZkUfQZf2ixbazW5yCHnO_8HoZeUnHGuyLvJUMlYzzr6BB1TpdqGKiGePpKP0EnOt6QezmnP1HN0xFvBaSfbY_Rr7WyKeU7FziUBvriLvswuBmzCgNdgb0xw1nj8JcUdpNlBxnHEl5CSm6FZljxDqBI-LzsPP6qiWYdm6ZvTVXnTrPDXGcDjEgZI-NyNIyQIM16GAMa7sMXXMFW3Zh87v0DPRuMznNy_C_Tt8uJ69bG5-vzh02p51Vgh5NxQwWrNGyKAMtMrgE5tuG0BWtMJ6OjYEsso65XoDRNjJ2sT2MAGkEOvJAx8gd4f_O7KZoLB1oyS8XqX3GTSTx2N0_9qgrvR23inVas4q21coNN7Byl-L5BnPblswXsTIJasWSeIJG3Lu4q-_g-9jSWFWl6leJ2OlERV6uxAbY0H7cIYa1xb7wCTszHA6Or_shOyE7QntBq8PRjsh5cTjA_ZU6L3e6H_7kWFXz2u9wH9swX8N4LWs5U</recordid><startdate>20221121</startdate><enddate>20221121</enddate><creator>Yan, Xiang</creator><creator>Wu, Yiming</creator><creator>Zhang, Minghe</creator><creator>Liu, Songsong</creator><creator>Sun, Lihui</creator><creator>Feng, Yunli</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20221121</creationdate><title>Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ferrite-Austenite Duplex Fe-Mn-Al-(Cu)-C Steel under Different Annealing Temperatures</title><author>Yan, Xiang ; Wu, Yiming ; Zhang, Minghe ; Liu, Songsong ; Sun, Lihui ; Feng, Yunli</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-142a15b04e12a89ee79b3c6ee6a74e71f60c2128948a24f751942d2de5d895ed3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Annealing</topic><topic>Austenite</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Cold</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Diffraction</topic><topic>Ductility</topic><topic>Electron backscatter diffraction</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Grain boundaries</topic><topic>Grain size</topic><topic>Hardness</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Iron compounds</topic><topic>Luders lines</topic><topic>Manganese steels</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Microstructure</topic><topic>Nanoindentation</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Recrystallization</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Steel</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Tensile strength</topic><topic>Ultimate tensile strength</topic><topic>X-rays</topic><topic>Yield strength</topic><topic>Yield stress</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yan, Xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Yiming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Minghe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Songsong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Lihui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Yunli</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yan, Xiang</au><au>Wu, Yiming</au><au>Zhang, Minghe</au><au>Liu, Songsong</au><au>Sun, Lihui</au><au>Feng, Yunli</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ferrite-Austenite Duplex Fe-Mn-Al-(Cu)-C Steel under Different Annealing Temperatures</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><date>2022-11-21</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>22</issue><spage>8271</spage><pages>8271-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>The effect of Cu addition and the intercritical annealing (IA) temperature on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Fe-0.4C-7Mn-4Al (wt%) was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoindentation tests. The results showed that the volume fraction and the average grain size of austenite, and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries, increased with IA temperature increase in the range of 650 °C to 710 °C. The addition of Cu facilitates the formation of Cu-rich nanoparticles, raises the volume fraction of austenite, and delays the recrystallization of austenite. As IA temperature increased, the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and Lüders bands strain (LBS) decreased in both experimental steels. The Cu addition not only increases the YS of medium Mn steel but also benefits the decrease of LBS. The best comprehensive mechanical properties were obtained at the IA temperature of 690 °C in the studied steel, with Cu addition. According to nanoindentation experiments, the Cu addition raises the hardness of ferrite and austenite from 4.7 GPa to 6.3 GPa and 7.4 GPa to 8.5 GPa, respectively, contributing to the increase of YS of medium-Mn steel.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36431756</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma15228271</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aluminum Annealing Austenite Carbon Cold Copper Diffraction Ductility Electron backscatter diffraction Evolution Grain boundaries Grain size Hardness Iron Iron compounds Luders lines Manganese steels Mechanical properties Microstructure Nanoindentation Nanoparticles Recrystallization Scanning electron microscopy Steel Temperature Tensile strength Ultimate tensile strength X-rays Yield strength Yield stress |
| title | Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ferrite-Austenite Duplex Fe-Mn-Al-(Cu)-C Steel under Different Annealing Temperatures |
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