Impact of Crystallization on the Development of Statistical Self-Bonding Strength at Initially Amorphous Polymer–Polymer Interfaces
To investigate the mechanisms of the adhesion (self-bonding) strength (σ) development during the early stages of self-healing of polymer–polymer interfaces and fracture thereof, it is useful to operate not only with the average σ value but with the σ distribution as well. The latter has been shown t...
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description | To investigate the mechanisms of the adhesion (self-bonding) strength (σ) development during the early stages of self-healing of polymer–polymer interfaces and fracture thereof, it is useful to operate not only with the average σ value but with the σ distribution as well. The latter has been shown to obey Weibull’s statistics for such interfaces. However, whether it can also follow the most widely used normal (Gaussian) distribution is currently unclear. Moreover, a more complicated self-healing case, when the σ development at an initially amorphous interface is accompanied by its crystallization, has not been investigated yet in this respect. In order to address these two important issues, 10 pairs of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) samples were kept in contact for various periods of time from 5 min to 15 h at a temperature (T) of 94 °C (preserving the amorphous state) or T = 150 °C (giving rise to cold crystallization), or both Ts. Thereafter, the as-formed amorphous and semi-crystalline PET–PET auto-adhesive joints were shear fractured in tension at ambient temperature. For the first time, the statistical distributions of a number of the measured σ data sets were analyzed and discussed using both Weibull’s and the Gaussian model, including several normality tests. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym14214519 |
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The latter has been shown to obey Weibull’s statistics for such interfaces. However, whether it can also follow the most widely used normal (Gaussian) distribution is currently unclear. Moreover, a more complicated self-healing case, when the σ development at an initially amorphous interface is accompanied by its crystallization, has not been investigated yet in this respect. In order to address these two important issues, 10 pairs of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) samples were kept in contact for various periods of time from 5 min to 15 h at a temperature (T) of 94 °C (preserving the amorphous state) or T = 150 °C (giving rise to cold crystallization), or both Ts. Thereafter, the as-formed amorphous and semi-crystalline PET–PET auto-adhesive joints were shear fractured in tension at ambient temperature. For the first time, the statistical distributions of a number of the measured σ data sets were analyzed and discussed using both Weibull’s and the Gaussian model, including several normality tests.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym14214519</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36365513</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adhesive bonding ; Adhesive joints ; Adhesive strength ; Ambient temperature ; Bonding strength ; Cold ; Cold crystallization ; Cooling ; Crystallization ; Interfaces ; Normal distribution ; Normality ; Phase transitions ; Polyethylene terephthalate ; Polymer industry ; Polymers ; Probability distribution ; Self healing materials ; Shear strength ; Statistical distributions ; Temperature</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2022-10, Vol.14 (21), p.4519</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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The latter has been shown to obey Weibull’s statistics for such interfaces. However, whether it can also follow the most widely used normal (Gaussian) distribution is currently unclear. Moreover, a more complicated self-healing case, when the σ development at an initially amorphous interface is accompanied by its crystallization, has not been investigated yet in this respect. In order to address these two important issues, 10 pairs of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) samples were kept in contact for various periods of time from 5 min to 15 h at a temperature (T) of 94 °C (preserving the amorphous state) or T = 150 °C (giving rise to cold crystallization), or both Ts. Thereafter, the as-formed amorphous and semi-crystalline PET–PET auto-adhesive joints were shear fractured in tension at ambient temperature. For the first time, the statistical distributions of a number of the measured σ data sets were analyzed and discussed using both Weibull’s and the Gaussian model, including several normality tests.</description><subject>Adhesive bonding</subject><subject>Adhesive joints</subject><subject>Adhesive strength</subject><subject>Ambient temperature</subject><subject>Bonding strength</subject><subject>Cold</subject><subject>Cold crystallization</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Crystallization</subject><subject>Interfaces</subject><subject>Normal distribution</subject><subject>Normality</subject><subject>Phase transitions</subject><subject>Polyethylene terephthalate</subject><subject>Polymer industry</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Probability distribution</subject><subject>Self healing materials</subject><subject>Shear strength</subject><subject>Statistical distributions</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdks-KFDEQxoMo7rLu0XuDFy-9djpJpfsijLP-GVhQWD2HTLp6Jks6aZPMwnjy4hP4hj6JGWcQ1ySQIt-vvlRBEfKcNleM9c2rObj9RHlLuaD9I3LeNpLVnEHz-J_4jFymdNeUxQUAlU_JGQMGQlB2Tn6splmbXIWxWsZ9yto5-01nG3xVTt5idY336MI8of9D3eaipmyNdtUturF-E_xg_aYIEf0mbyudq5W32RarfbWYQpy3YZeqT4daMf76_vMUFSpjHLXB9Iw8GbVLeHm6L8iXd28_Lz_UNx_fr5aLm9owoLkW2BraUtlr1gmDUnAYBuihFVKLhq-xXTcSBAg6cJBjawxqszYdDh0MxgC7IK-PvvNuPeFgSk9ROzVHO-m4V0Fb9VDxdqs24V71IKSgohi8PBnE8HWHKavJJoPOaY-lSdVKJjoJ0POCvvgPvQu76Et7B4pLCpSyQl0dqY12qKwfQ_nXlD3gZE3wONryvpAcOOtBdiWhPiaYGFKKOP6tnjbqMBTqwVCw3ypJrTg</recordid><startdate>20221025</startdate><enddate>20221025</enddate><creator>Boiko, Yuri M.</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3031-5137</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20221025</creationdate><title>Impact of Crystallization on the Development of Statistical Self-Bonding Strength at Initially Amorphous Polymer–Polymer Interfaces</title><author>Boiko, Yuri M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c361t-5e2c12179a385ce7546dd696257a504be2b0765651d467f2cceacbc8ed86dcc63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adhesive bonding</topic><topic>Adhesive joints</topic><topic>Adhesive strength</topic><topic>Ambient temperature</topic><topic>Bonding strength</topic><topic>Cold</topic><topic>Cold crystallization</topic><topic>Cooling</topic><topic>Crystallization</topic><topic>Interfaces</topic><topic>Normal distribution</topic><topic>Normality</topic><topic>Phase transitions</topic><topic>Polyethylene terephthalate</topic><topic>Polymer industry</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Probability distribution</topic><topic>Self healing materials</topic><topic>Shear strength</topic><topic>Statistical distributions</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Boiko, Yuri M.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Boiko, Yuri M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Impact of Crystallization on the Development of Statistical Self-Bonding Strength at Initially Amorphous Polymer–Polymer Interfaces</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><date>2022-10-25</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>4519</spage><pages>4519-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>To investigate the mechanisms of the adhesion (self-bonding) strength (σ) development during the early stages of self-healing of polymer–polymer interfaces and fracture thereof, it is useful to operate not only with the average σ value but with the σ distribution as well. The latter has been shown to obey Weibull’s statistics for such interfaces. However, whether it can also follow the most widely used normal (Gaussian) distribution is currently unclear. Moreover, a more complicated self-healing case, when the σ development at an initially amorphous interface is accompanied by its crystallization, has not been investigated yet in this respect. In order to address these two important issues, 10 pairs of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) samples were kept in contact for various periods of time from 5 min to 15 h at a temperature (T) of 94 °C (preserving the amorphous state) or T = 150 °C (giving rise to cold crystallization), or both Ts. Thereafter, the as-formed amorphous and semi-crystalline PET–PET auto-adhesive joints were shear fractured in tension at ambient temperature. For the first time, the statistical distributions of a number of the measured σ data sets were analyzed and discussed using both Weibull’s and the Gaussian model, including several normality tests.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36365513</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym14214519</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3031-5137</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adhesive bonding Adhesive joints Adhesive strength Ambient temperature Bonding strength Cold Cold crystallization Cooling Crystallization Interfaces Normal distribution Normality Phase transitions Polyethylene terephthalate Polymer industry Polymers Probability distribution Self healing materials Shear strength Statistical distributions Temperature |
title | Impact of Crystallization on the Development of Statistical Self-Bonding Strength at Initially Amorphous Polymer–Polymer Interfaces |
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