Tight Junctions, the Epithelial Barrier, and Toll-like Receptor-4 During Lung Injury

— Lung epithelium is constantly exposed to the environment and is critically important for the orchestration of initial responses to infectious organisms, toxins, and allergic stimuli, and maintenance of normal gaseous exchange and pulmonary function. The integrity of lung epithelium, fluid balance,...

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Veröffentlicht in:Inflammation 2022-12, Vol.45 (6), p.2142-2162
Hauptverfasser: Godbole, Nachiket M., Chowdhury, Asif Alam, Chataut, Neha, Awasthi, Shanjana
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container_end_page 2162
container_issue 6
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container_title Inflammation
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creator Godbole, Nachiket M.
Chowdhury, Asif Alam
Chataut, Neha
Awasthi, Shanjana
description — Lung epithelium is constantly exposed to the environment and is critically important for the orchestration of initial responses to infectious organisms, toxins, and allergic stimuli, and maintenance of normal gaseous exchange and pulmonary function. The integrity of lung epithelium, fluid balance, and transport of molecules is dictated by the tight junctions (TJs). The TJs are formed between adjacent cells. We have focused on the topic of the TJ structure and function in lung epithelial cells. This review includes a summary of the last twenty years of literature reports published on the disrupted TJs and epithelial barrier in various lung conditions and expression and regulation of specific TJ proteins against pathogenic stimuli. We discuss the molecular signaling and crosstalk among signaling pathways that control the TJ structure and function. The Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) recognizes the pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns released during lung injury and inflammation and coordinates cellular responses. The molecular aspects of TLR4 signaling in the context of TJs or the epithelial barrier are not fully known. We describe the current knowledge and possible networking of the TLR4-signaling with cellular and molecular mechanisms of TJs, lung epithelial barrier function, and resistance to treatment strategies.
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subjects Adhesion
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cytoskeleton
Epithelial cells
Epithelial Cells - metabolism
Epithelium
Epithelium - metabolism
Health sciences
Humans
Immunology
Internal Medicine
Lung Injury - pathology
Lungs
Molecular modelling
Pathogens
Pathology
Pharmaceutical sciences
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Pharmacy
Proteins
Respiratory function
Review
Rheumatology
Signal transduction
Structure-function relationships
Surfactants
Tight junctions
Tight Junctions - metabolism
TLR4 protein
Toll-Like Receptor 4 - metabolism
Toll-like receptors
title Tight Junctions, the Epithelial Barrier, and Toll-like Receptor-4 During Lung Injury
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