Italian Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet in Overweight and Obese Patients with Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity is a multifactorial disease strongly associated with insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Correct nutrition represents a valid strategy to fight these dysmetabolic pathologies responsible for numerous diseases, including inflammatory and cardiovascular ones. Medical nutrition...
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creator | Ivan, Cincione Raffaele Messina, Antonietta Cibelli, Giuseppe Messina, Giovanni Polito, Rita Losavio, Francesca Torre, Ester La Monda, Vincenzo Monda, Marcellino Quiete, Stefano Casula, Elias Napoli, Nicola Defeudis, Giuseppe |
description | Obesity is a multifactorial disease strongly associated with insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Correct nutrition represents a valid strategy to fight these dysmetabolic pathologies responsible for numerous diseases, including inflammatory and cardiovascular ones. Medical nutrition therapy, including a Mediterranean diet (MD) and a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLKCD), is the first-line treatment for prediabetes/diabetes and overweight/obesity. Eighty patients (forty women and forty men) affected by overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose (51 (ys) ± 1.75; BMI (kg/m2) 33.08 ± 1.93; HA1c (%): 6.8% ± 0.25) were enrolled at the University Service of Diet Therapy, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti Hospital of Foggia, and subjected to a very-low-calorie Mediterranean diet and a very-low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet for thirty days. Both diets result in a marked decrease in body weight (kg) and BMI (kg/m2). At the same time, only the very-low-calories ketogenic Mediterranean diet reduced waist and hip circumferences. Both diets helped reduce fat mass, but a major loss was achieved in a very low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet. Among gluco-metabolic parameters, only the very-low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. The results of our study seem to show that the very-low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet is a good strategy to improve rapidly metabolic, anthropometric, and body composition parameters in patients with prediabetes or diabetes and overweight/obesity. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu14204361 |
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Correct nutrition represents a valid strategy to fight these dysmetabolic pathologies responsible for numerous diseases, including inflammatory and cardiovascular ones. Medical nutrition therapy, including a Mediterranean diet (MD) and a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLKCD), is the first-line treatment for prediabetes/diabetes and overweight/obesity. Eighty patients (forty women and forty men) affected by overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose (51 (ys) ± 1.75; BMI (kg/m2) 33.08 ± 1.93; HA1c (%): 6.8% ± 0.25) were enrolled at the University Service of Diet Therapy, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti Hospital of Foggia, and subjected to a very-low-calorie Mediterranean diet and a very-low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet for thirty days. Both diets result in a marked decrease in body weight (kg) and BMI (kg/m2). At the same time, only the very-low-calories ketogenic Mediterranean diet reduced waist and hip circumferences. Both diets helped reduce fat mass, but a major loss was achieved in a very low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet. Among gluco-metabolic parameters, only the very-low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. The results of our study seem to show that the very-low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet is a good strategy to improve rapidly metabolic, anthropometric, and body composition parameters in patients with prediabetes or diabetes and overweight/obesity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu14204361</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Blood glucose ; Body composition ; Body fat ; Body mass index ; Body weight ; Calories ; Cholesterol ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Diet therapy ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Glucose tolerance ; Health aspects ; High fat diet ; Hypocaloric diet ; Insulin ; Insulin resistance ; Ketogenesis ; Ketogenic diet ; Low carbohydrate diet ; Low density lipoprotein ; Metabolic disorders ; Nutrient deficiency ; Nutrition ; Nutrition therapy ; Obesity ; Patients ; Triglycerides</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2022-10, Vol.14 (20), p.4361</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Correct nutrition represents a valid strategy to fight these dysmetabolic pathologies responsible for numerous diseases, including inflammatory and cardiovascular ones. Medical nutrition therapy, including a Mediterranean diet (MD) and a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLKCD), is the first-line treatment for prediabetes/diabetes and overweight/obesity. Eighty patients (forty women and forty men) affected by overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose (51 (ys) ± 1.75; BMI (kg/m2) 33.08 ± 1.93; HA1c (%): 6.8% ± 0.25) were enrolled at the University Service of Diet Therapy, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti Hospital of Foggia, and subjected to a very-low-calorie Mediterranean diet and a very-low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet for thirty days. Both diets result in a marked decrease in body weight (kg) and BMI (kg/m2). At the same time, only the very-low-calories ketogenic Mediterranean diet reduced waist and hip circumferences. Both diets helped reduce fat mass, but a major loss was achieved in a very low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet. Among gluco-metabolic parameters, only the very-low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. 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Messina, Antonietta ; Cibelli, Giuseppe ; Messina, Giovanni ; Polito, Rita ; Losavio, Francesca ; Torre, Ester La ; Monda, Vincenzo ; Monda, Marcellino ; Quiete, Stefano ; Casula, Elias ; Napoli, Nicola ; Defeudis, Giuseppe</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-7bc9c009db3cc7b784ae098f3e3b7363a882a4f456c34839c88804ecaba0cbe73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Blood glucose</topic><topic>Body composition</topic><topic>Body fat</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Calories</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Diet therapy</topic><topic>Fasting</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Glucose tolerance</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>High fat diet</topic><topic>Hypocaloric diet</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Ketogenesis</topic><topic>Ketogenic diet</topic><topic>Low carbohydrate diet</topic><topic>Low density lipoprotein</topic><topic>Metabolic disorders</topic><topic>Nutrient deficiency</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Nutrition therapy</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Triglycerides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ivan, Cincione Raffaele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Messina, Antonietta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cibelli, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Messina, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polito, Rita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Losavio, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torre, Ester La</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Monda, Vincenzo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Monda, Marcellino</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quiete, Stefano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casula, Elias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Napoli, Nicola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Defeudis, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ivan, Cincione Raffaele</au><au>Messina, Antonietta</au><au>Cibelli, Giuseppe</au><au>Messina, Giovanni</au><au>Polito, Rita</au><au>Losavio, Francesca</au><au>Torre, Ester La</au><au>Monda, Vincenzo</au><au>Monda, Marcellino</au><au>Quiete, Stefano</au><au>Casula, Elias</au><au>Napoli, Nicola</au><au>Defeudis, Giuseppe</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Italian Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet in Overweight and Obese Patients with Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><date>2022-10-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>20</issue><spage>4361</spage><pages>4361-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>Obesity is a multifactorial disease strongly associated with insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Correct nutrition represents a valid strategy to fight these dysmetabolic pathologies responsible for numerous diseases, including inflammatory and cardiovascular ones. Medical nutrition therapy, including a Mediterranean diet (MD) and a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLKCD), is the first-line treatment for prediabetes/diabetes and overweight/obesity. Eighty patients (forty women and forty men) affected by overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose (51 (ys) ± 1.75; BMI (kg/m2) 33.08 ± 1.93; HA1c (%): 6.8% ± 0.25) were enrolled at the University Service of Diet Therapy, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti Hospital of Foggia, and subjected to a very-low-calorie Mediterranean diet and a very-low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet for thirty days. Both diets result in a marked decrease in body weight (kg) and BMI (kg/m2). At the same time, only the very-low-calories ketogenic Mediterranean diet reduced waist and hip circumferences. Both diets helped reduce fat mass, but a major loss was achieved in a very low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet. Among gluco-metabolic parameters, only the very-low-calorie ketogenic Mediterranean diet group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. 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subjects | Blood glucose Body composition Body fat Body mass index Body weight Calories Cholesterol Comorbidity Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diet therapy Fasting Glucose Glucose tolerance Health aspects High fat diet Hypocaloric diet Insulin Insulin resistance Ketogenesis Ketogenic diet Low carbohydrate diet Low density lipoprotein Metabolic disorders Nutrient deficiency Nutrition Nutrition therapy Obesity Patients Triglycerides |
title | Italian Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet in Overweight and Obese Patients with Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes |
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