Proposition of a New POLA Index to Assess the Immunomodulatory Properties of the Diet and Its Relationship with the Gut Microbiota, Using the Example of the Incidence of COVID-19 in a Group of People without Comorbidities
A rise in the incidence of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has sparked the search for protective strategies against the new pathogen. It is known that individual food components can interact with different immune cells, modulating the immune response of the body. The...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2022-10, Vol.14 (20), p.4227 |
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| creator | Jagielski, Paweł Wnęk, Dominika Łuszczki, Edyta Bolesławska, Izabela Micek, Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska, Agnieszka Piórecka, Beata Koczur, Karolina Jankowska, Katarzyna Gaździńska, Agata Turczyńska, Marta Kawalec, Paweł |
| description | A rise in the incidence of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has sparked the search for protective strategies against the new pathogen. It is known that individual food components can interact with different immune cells, modulating the immune response of the body. The aim of this study was to develop an index assessing the immunomodulatory potential of diet (POLA index) and to test its utility for the prediction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a group of healthy young people following a traditional or vegetarian diet. Data on body composition, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, dietary intake, and gut microbiota were obtained from 95 adults (mean age, 34.66 ± 5.76 years). There was a strong correlation between the dietary inflammatory index and the POLA index (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). Based on Cohen’s kappa statistic, there was a good agreement in qualitative interpretation between the two indices (kappa = 0.61; p < 0.0001). People on a diet with beneficial immunomodulatory effects had a lower risk of COVID-19 of approximately 80%, as compared with those on a diet with highly unbeneficial immunomodulatory effects. In daily practice, the POLA index might serve as a useful tool for dietitians to identify individuals whose diet is deficient in ingredients for optimal immune system function and change their dietary behavior to ensure optimal immune function that reduces the risk of infection. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu14204227 |
| format | Article |
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It is known that individual food components can interact with different immune cells, modulating the immune response of the body. The aim of this study was to develop an index assessing the immunomodulatory potential of diet (POLA index) and to test its utility for the prediction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a group of healthy young people following a traditional or vegetarian diet. Data on body composition, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, dietary intake, and gut microbiota were obtained from 95 adults (mean age, 34.66 ± 5.76 years). There was a strong correlation between the dietary inflammatory index and the POLA index (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). Based on Cohen’s kappa statistic, there was a good agreement in qualitative interpretation between the two indices (kappa = 0.61; p < 0.0001). People on a diet with beneficial immunomodulatory effects had a lower risk of COVID-19 of approximately 80%, as compared with those on a diet with highly unbeneficial immunomodulatory effects. In daily practice, the POLA index might serve as a useful tool for dietitians to identify individuals whose diet is deficient in ingredients for optimal immune system function and change their dietary behavior to ensure optimal immune function that reduces the risk of infection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu14204227</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36296911</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis ; Body composition ; Comorbidity ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; Diet ; Dietary intake ; Dietary minerals ; Eating behavior ; Fatty acids ; Food ; Fruits ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Humans ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Immunity ; Immunomodulation ; Immunomodulators ; Incidence ; Infections ; Inflammation ; Intestinal microflora ; Lifestyles ; Microbiota ; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) ; Nutrient deficiency ; Nutrition research ; Physical activity ; Physiological aspects ; Polyphenols ; Proteins ; Qualitative analysis ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Software ; Vegetarian diet ; Vegetarianism ; Viral infections ; Vitamin D ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2022-10, Vol.14 (20), p.4227</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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It is known that individual food components can interact with different immune cells, modulating the immune response of the body. The aim of this study was to develop an index assessing the immunomodulatory potential of diet (POLA index) and to test its utility for the prediction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a group of healthy young people following a traditional or vegetarian diet. Data on body composition, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, dietary intake, and gut microbiota were obtained from 95 adults (mean age, 34.66 ± 5.76 years). There was a strong correlation between the dietary inflammatory index and the POLA index (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). Based on Cohen’s kappa statistic, there was a good agreement in qualitative interpretation between the two indices (kappa = 0.61; p < 0.0001). 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It is known that individual food components can interact with different immune cells, modulating the immune response of the body. The aim of this study was to develop an index assessing the immunomodulatory potential of diet (POLA index) and to test its utility for the prediction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a group of healthy young people following a traditional or vegetarian diet. Data on body composition, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, dietary intake, and gut microbiota were obtained from 95 adults (mean age, 34.66 ± 5.76 years). There was a strong correlation between the dietary inflammatory index and the POLA index (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). Based on Cohen’s kappa statistic, there was a good agreement in qualitative interpretation between the two indices (kappa = 0.61; p < 0.0001). People on a diet with beneficial immunomodulatory effects had a lower risk of COVID-19 of approximately 80%, as compared with those on a diet with highly unbeneficial immunomodulatory effects. 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| ispartof | Nutrients, 2022-10, Vol.14 (20), p.4227 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Analysis Body composition Comorbidity Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Diet Dietary intake Dietary minerals Eating behavior Fatty acids Food Fruits Gastrointestinal Microbiome Health aspects Health risks Humans Immune response Immune system Immunity Immunomodulation Immunomodulators Incidence Infections Inflammation Intestinal microflora Lifestyles Microbiota Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) Nutrient deficiency Nutrition research Physical activity Physiological aspects Polyphenols Proteins Qualitative analysis Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Software Vegetarian diet Vegetarianism Viral infections Vitamin D Young adults |
| title | Proposition of a New POLA Index to Assess the Immunomodulatory Properties of the Diet and Its Relationship with the Gut Microbiota, Using the Example of the Incidence of COVID-19 in a Group of People without Comorbidities |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-15T08%3A51%3A34IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Proposition%20of%20a%20New%20POLA%20Index%20to%20Assess%20the%20Immunomodulatory%20Properties%20of%20the%20Diet%20and%20Its%20Relationship%20with%20the%20Gut%20Microbiota,%20Using%20the%20Example%20of%20the%20Incidence%20of%20COVID-19%20in%20a%20Group%20of%20People%20without%20Comorbidities&rft.jtitle=Nutrients&rft.au=Jagielski,%20Pawe%C5%82&rft.date=2022-10-11&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=4227&rft.pages=4227-&rft.issn=2072-6643&rft.eissn=2072-6643&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/nu14204227&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA746324797%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2728518164&rft_id=info:pmid/36296911&rft_galeid=A746324797&rfr_iscdi=true |