Spatiotemporal Variation in Actual Evapotranspiration and the Influencing Factors in Ningxia from 2001 to 2020
Surface evapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the hydrological cycle. Based on the MOD16 ET product and the data collected by meteorological stations, this study investigated, for the first time, the characteristics, variation trend and influencing factors of actual ET in Ningxia from 2001...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-10, Vol.19 (19), p.12693 |
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| creator | Liu, Huihui Song, Dongdong Kong, Jinling Mu, Zengguang Zhang, Qiutong Wang, Xixuan |
| description | Surface evapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the hydrological cycle. Based on the MOD16 ET product and the data collected by meteorological stations, this study investigated, for the first time, the characteristics, variation trend and influencing factors of actual ET in Ningxia from 2001 to 2020 along temporal and spatial scales using the Theil-Sen median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test and Hurst index, and predicted the future trend of ET. The results revealed a strong correlation between the MOD16 ET product and ET data collected at meteorological stations (r = 0.837, R
= 0.701). Over the past 20 years, the annual ET in Ningxia showed an overall increasing trend, and the proportion of the increasing area was 96.58%. Quarterly ET varied over time, with the highest value in the third quarter and the lowest value in the second quarter. Annual ET showed a positive correlation with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface temperature and precipitation but no correlation with relative humidity. Additionally, the Hurst index revealed areas showing a persistent increase in ET, accounting for 84.91% of the total area, indicating that the future trend of ET in Ningxia is consistent with the past trend. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph191912693 |
| format | Article |
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= 0.701). Over the past 20 years, the annual ET in Ningxia showed an overall increasing trend, and the proportion of the increasing area was 96.58%. Quarterly ET varied over time, with the highest value in the third quarter and the lowest value in the second quarter. Annual ET showed a positive correlation with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface temperature and precipitation but no correlation with relative humidity. Additionally, the Hurst index revealed areas showing a persistent increase in ET, accounting for 84.91% of the total area, indicating that the future trend of ET in Ningxia is consistent with the past trend.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912693</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36231991</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Batch processing ; China ; Climate Change ; Correlation ; Economic growth ; Ecosystem ; Evapotranspiration ; Humidity ; Hydrologic cycle ; Hydrology ; Normalized difference vegetative index ; Precipitation ; Regions ; Relative humidity ; Social change ; Software ; Surface temperature ; Temperature ; Trend analysis ; Vegetation ; Water shortages</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-10, Vol.19 (19), p.12693</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-67429192f806663475b87a48fd53f4db26967667504b007111d1fa88aed504c73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-67429192f806663475b87a48fd53f4db26967667504b007111d1fa88aed504c73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7963-7535</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566279/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566279/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36231991$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huihui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Dongdong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kong, Jinling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mu, Zengguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qiutong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xixuan</creatorcontrib><title>Spatiotemporal Variation in Actual Evapotranspiration and the Influencing Factors in Ningxia from 2001 to 2020</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Surface evapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the hydrological cycle. Based on the MOD16 ET product and the data collected by meteorological stations, this study investigated, for the first time, the characteristics, variation trend and influencing factors of actual ET in Ningxia from 2001 to 2020 along temporal and spatial scales using the Theil-Sen median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test and Hurst index, and predicted the future trend of ET. The results revealed a strong correlation between the MOD16 ET product and ET data collected at meteorological stations (r = 0.837, R
= 0.701). Over the past 20 years, the annual ET in Ningxia showed an overall increasing trend, and the proportion of the increasing area was 96.58%. Quarterly ET varied over time, with the highest value in the third quarter and the lowest value in the second quarter. Annual ET showed a positive correlation with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface temperature and precipitation but no correlation with relative humidity. Additionally, the Hurst index revealed areas showing a persistent increase in ET, accounting for 84.91% of the total area, indicating that the future trend of ET in Ningxia is consistent with the past trend.</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Batch processing</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Climate Change</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Economic growth</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Evapotranspiration</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Hydrologic cycle</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Normalized difference vegetative index</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Regions</subject><subject>Relative humidity</subject><subject>Social change</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Surface temperature</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Trend analysis</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>Water shortages</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUU1PAjEUbIxGED17M008I_3advdiQgwoCdGDH9emu9uFkqVdu12i_94SkKDp4bXz5k3nZQC4xuiO0gyNzEr7ZomzeAjP6AnoY87RkHGET4_uPXDRtiuEaMp4dg56lBOKswz3gX1tVDAu6HXjvKrhh_JmC1hoLBwXoYvYZKMaF7yybWP8rqlsCcNSw5mt6k7bwtgFnKoiON9uB5_j-8soWHm3hgQhDIOLlaBLcFaputVX-zoA79PJ28PTcP7yOHsYz4cFIzgMuWAk7kSqFHHOKRNJngrF0qpMaMXKPO7KBeciQSxHSGCMS1ypNFW6jFAh6ADc73SbLl_rstA2-q9l481a-W_plJF_O9Ys5cJtZJZwTkQWBW73At59droNcuU6b6NnSQRhhAmUbFmjHavwrm29rg4_YCS3Acl_AcWJm2NjB_5vIvQHMtGMqA</recordid><startdate>20221004</startdate><enddate>20221004</enddate><creator>Liu, Huihui</creator><creator>Song, Dongdong</creator><creator>Kong, Jinling</creator><creator>Mu, Zengguang</creator><creator>Zhang, Qiutong</creator><creator>Wang, Xixuan</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-7535</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20221004</creationdate><title>Spatiotemporal Variation in Actual Evapotranspiration and the Influencing Factors in Ningxia from 2001 to 2020</title><author>Liu, Huihui ; Song, Dongdong ; Kong, Jinling ; Mu, Zengguang ; Zhang, Qiutong ; Wang, Xixuan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-67429192f806663475b87a48fd53f4db26967667504b007111d1fa88aed504c73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Agricultural production</topic><topic>Batch processing</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Climate Change</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Economic growth</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Evapotranspiration</topic><topic>Humidity</topic><topic>Hydrologic cycle</topic><topic>Hydrology</topic><topic>Normalized difference vegetative index</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Regions</topic><topic>Relative humidity</topic><topic>Social change</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Surface temperature</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Trend analysis</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>Water shortages</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huihui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Dongdong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kong, Jinling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mu, Zengguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qiutong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xixuan</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Huihui</au><au>Song, Dongdong</au><au>Kong, Jinling</au><au>Mu, Zengguang</au><au>Zhang, Qiutong</au><au>Wang, Xixuan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Spatiotemporal Variation in Actual Evapotranspiration and the Influencing Factors in Ningxia from 2001 to 2020</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2022-10-04</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>19</issue><spage>12693</spage><pages>12693-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Surface evapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the hydrological cycle. Based on the MOD16 ET product and the data collected by meteorological stations, this study investigated, for the first time, the characteristics, variation trend and influencing factors of actual ET in Ningxia from 2001 to 2020 along temporal and spatial scales using the Theil-Sen median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test and Hurst index, and predicted the future trend of ET. The results revealed a strong correlation between the MOD16 ET product and ET data collected at meteorological stations (r = 0.837, R
= 0.701). Over the past 20 years, the annual ET in Ningxia showed an overall increasing trend, and the proportion of the increasing area was 96.58%. Quarterly ET varied over time, with the highest value in the third quarter and the lowest value in the second quarter. Annual ET showed a positive correlation with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface temperature and precipitation but no correlation with relative humidity. Additionally, the Hurst index revealed areas showing a persistent increase in ET, accounting for 84.91% of the total area, indicating that the future trend of ET in Ningxia is consistent with the past trend.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36231991</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph191912693</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-7535</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural production Batch processing China Climate Change Correlation Economic growth Ecosystem Evapotranspiration Humidity Hydrologic cycle Hydrology Normalized difference vegetative index Precipitation Regions Relative humidity Social change Software Surface temperature Temperature Trend analysis Vegetation Water shortages |
| title | Spatiotemporal Variation in Actual Evapotranspiration and the Influencing Factors in Ningxia from 2001 to 2020 |
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