A New Culture Method for the Detection of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Water Samples from Heater-Cooler Units and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Machines

The isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from cultures is particularly laborious due to the potential overgrowth of coexisting non-acid fast bacilli. To reduce the overgrowth of these non-mycobacterial organisms, a decontamination step with NaOH or cetylpyridinium chloride is highly recom...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-08, Vol.19 (17), p.10645
Hauptverfasser: Ditommaso, Savina, Giacomuzzi, Monica, Memoli, Gabriele, Garlasco, Jacopo, Curtoni, Antonio, Iannaccone, Marco, Zotti, Carla M
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page
container_issue 17
container_start_page 10645
container_title International journal of environmental research and public health
container_volume 19
creator Ditommaso, Savina
Giacomuzzi, Monica
Memoli, Gabriele
Garlasco, Jacopo
Curtoni, Antonio
Iannaccone, Marco
Zotti, Carla M
description The isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from cultures is particularly laborious due to the potential overgrowth of coexisting non-acid fast bacilli. To reduce the overgrowth of these non-mycobacterial organisms, a decontamination step with NaOH or cetylpyridinium chloride is highly recommended before plating the samples on the culture medium. However, due to their toxicity, decontamination solutions tend to decrease NTM recovery from clinical and environmental samples. Here, we tested an alternative method for NTM recovery based on the use of NTM Elite agar, a selective medium that does not require a decontamination step. Using NTM Elite agar, we were able to detect non-tuberculous mycobacteria in 27.7% (30/108) of water samples analyzed. The average time to NTM detection was 18 days, but some strains required longer to grow, perhaps due to the stressful environmental conditions (periodical disinfection of devices). NTM Elite agar's effectiveness in inhibiting background flora was proven by the isolation of NTM from samples with and without background flora, showing no statistically significant differences in detection rates for different total viable counts of background flora ( = 0.4989). In conclusion, our findings indicate that effective NTM recovery from HCU- and ECMO-derived water samples can be achieved via filtration and direct culture of the filters on NTM Elite agar. This simple procedure can speed up laboratory work and provide an improved method, successfully resulting in low contamination and high detection rate, in addition to being less time-consuming. Its sensitivity and lack of a decontamination step make this protocol particularly useful for monitoring the effectiveness of device disinfection in hospital settings, even in the presence of low NTM loads. Reading timeframes should probably be extended to 7 weeks (i.e., well beyond the standard 4 weeks advised by the manufacturer), in order to isolate even the slow-growing mycobacteria. However, an extended incubation period is not necessary for exclusion of contamination of the devices, as isolation times do not generally exceed 3 weeks.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijerph191710645
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9518321</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2711303111</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-612c5562ffcc424b3c97de07596d25b9861303c9fe87decb88a1f877e05901163</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdUU1v1TAQtBAVLaVnbsgS51BvnDjJBal6LRSprz3QqsfIcdaNnxI72A70_Rz-KX70Q4XTrmZnZ0YaQt4D-8R5w47NBv08QAMVMFGUr8gBCMGyQjB4_WLfJ29D2DDG60I0b8g-F6yqueAH5PcJvcRfdLWMcfFI1xgH11PtPI0D0lOMqKJxljpNL53NrpcOvVpGtwS63irXSRXRG0mNpbcyrfS7nOYRA9XeTfQcd1i2cm5MpxtrYqDS9vTsPnqpnJ-dRzkm16nz0iK9ut_eoZV_HddSDcZieEf2tBwDHj3OQ3Lz5ex6dZ5dXH39tjq5yFSRQ8wE5KosRa61SkDRcdVUPbKqbESfl11TC-AsgRrrhKuuriXouqqQlQ0DEPyQfH7QnZduwl6hTRnHdvZmkn7bOmnafy_WDO2d-9k2JdQ8hyTw8VHAux8Lhthu3OJtytzmFezcAXas4weW8i4Ej_rZAVi767T9r9P08eFlsGf-U4n8DwlToWA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2711303111</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A New Culture Method for the Detection of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Water Samples from Heater-Cooler Units and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Machines</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Ditommaso, Savina ; Giacomuzzi, Monica ; Memoli, Gabriele ; Garlasco, Jacopo ; Curtoni, Antonio ; Iannaccone, Marco ; Zotti, Carla M</creator><creatorcontrib>Ditommaso, Savina ; Giacomuzzi, Monica ; Memoli, Gabriele ; Garlasco, Jacopo ; Curtoni, Antonio ; Iannaccone, Marco ; Zotti, Carla M</creatorcontrib><description>The isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from cultures is particularly laborious due to the potential overgrowth of coexisting non-acid fast bacilli. To reduce the overgrowth of these non-mycobacterial organisms, a decontamination step with NaOH or cetylpyridinium chloride is highly recommended before plating the samples on the culture medium. However, due to their toxicity, decontamination solutions tend to decrease NTM recovery from clinical and environmental samples. Here, we tested an alternative method for NTM recovery based on the use of NTM Elite agar, a selective medium that does not require a decontamination step. Using NTM Elite agar, we were able to detect non-tuberculous mycobacteria in 27.7% (30/108) of water samples analyzed. The average time to NTM detection was 18 days, but some strains required longer to grow, perhaps due to the stressful environmental conditions (periodical disinfection of devices). NTM Elite agar's effectiveness in inhibiting background flora was proven by the isolation of NTM from samples with and without background flora, showing no statistically significant differences in detection rates for different total viable counts of background flora ( = 0.4989). In conclusion, our findings indicate that effective NTM recovery from HCU- and ECMO-derived water samples can be achieved via filtration and direct culture of the filters on NTM Elite agar. This simple procedure can speed up laboratory work and provide an improved method, successfully resulting in low contamination and high detection rate, in addition to being less time-consuming. Its sensitivity and lack of a decontamination step make this protocol particularly useful for monitoring the effectiveness of device disinfection in hospital settings, even in the presence of low NTM loads. Reading timeframes should probably be extended to 7 weeks (i.e., well beyond the standard 4 weeks advised by the manufacturer), in order to isolate even the slow-growing mycobacteria. However, an extended incubation period is not necessary for exclusion of contamination of the devices, as isolation times do not generally exceed 3 weeks.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710645</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36078363</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acids ; Agar ; Bacilli ; Bacteria ; Caustic soda ; Cellulose ; Cetylpyridinium chloride ; Contamination ; Decontamination ; Disease prevention ; Disinfection ; Environmental conditions ; Environmental testing ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Heart surgery ; Laboratories ; Membrane filters ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Oxygenation ; Reference services ; Selective media ; Sodium hydroxide ; Statistical analysis ; Surveillance ; Toxicity ; Tuberculosis ; Water ; Water analysis ; Water Microbiology ; Water purification ; Water sampling</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-08, Vol.19 (17), p.10645</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-612c5562ffcc424b3c97de07596d25b9861303c9fe87decb88a1f877e05901163</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-612c5562ffcc424b3c97de07596d25b9861303c9fe87decb88a1f877e05901163</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7211-079X ; 0000-0002-9722-6334 ; 0000-0001-8101-4196 ; 0000-0001-6331-8276 ; 0000-0003-1590-9009</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518321/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518321/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36078363$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ditommaso, Savina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giacomuzzi, Monica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Memoli, Gabriele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garlasco, Jacopo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curtoni, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iannaccone, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zotti, Carla M</creatorcontrib><title>A New Culture Method for the Detection of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Water Samples from Heater-Cooler Units and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Machines</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>The isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from cultures is particularly laborious due to the potential overgrowth of coexisting non-acid fast bacilli. To reduce the overgrowth of these non-mycobacterial organisms, a decontamination step with NaOH or cetylpyridinium chloride is highly recommended before plating the samples on the culture medium. However, due to their toxicity, decontamination solutions tend to decrease NTM recovery from clinical and environmental samples. Here, we tested an alternative method for NTM recovery based on the use of NTM Elite agar, a selective medium that does not require a decontamination step. Using NTM Elite agar, we were able to detect non-tuberculous mycobacteria in 27.7% (30/108) of water samples analyzed. The average time to NTM detection was 18 days, but some strains required longer to grow, perhaps due to the stressful environmental conditions (periodical disinfection of devices). NTM Elite agar's effectiveness in inhibiting background flora was proven by the isolation of NTM from samples with and without background flora, showing no statistically significant differences in detection rates for different total viable counts of background flora ( = 0.4989). In conclusion, our findings indicate that effective NTM recovery from HCU- and ECMO-derived water samples can be achieved via filtration and direct culture of the filters on NTM Elite agar. This simple procedure can speed up laboratory work and provide an improved method, successfully resulting in low contamination and high detection rate, in addition to being less time-consuming. Its sensitivity and lack of a decontamination step make this protocol particularly useful for monitoring the effectiveness of device disinfection in hospital settings, even in the presence of low NTM loads. Reading timeframes should probably be extended to 7 weeks (i.e., well beyond the standard 4 weeks advised by the manufacturer), in order to isolate even the slow-growing mycobacteria. However, an extended incubation period is not necessary for exclusion of contamination of the devices, as isolation times do not generally exceed 3 weeks.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Agar</subject><subject>Bacilli</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Caustic soda</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Cetylpyridinium chloride</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Decontamination</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Environmental testing</subject><subject>Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation</subject><subject>Heart surgery</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Membrane filters</subject><subject>Nontuberculous Mycobacteria</subject><subject>Oxygenation</subject><subject>Reference services</subject><subject>Selective media</subject><subject>Sodium hydroxide</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Surveillance</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Tuberculosis</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><subject>Water purification</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUU1v1TAQtBAVLaVnbsgS51BvnDjJBal6LRSprz3QqsfIcdaNnxI72A70_Rz-KX70Q4XTrmZnZ0YaQt4D-8R5w47NBv08QAMVMFGUr8gBCMGyQjB4_WLfJ29D2DDG60I0b8g-F6yqueAH5PcJvcRfdLWMcfFI1xgH11PtPI0D0lOMqKJxljpNL53NrpcOvVpGtwS63irXSRXRG0mNpbcyrfS7nOYRA9XeTfQcd1i2cm5MpxtrYqDS9vTsPnqpnJ-dRzkm16nz0iK9ut_eoZV_HddSDcZieEf2tBwDHj3OQ3Lz5ex6dZ5dXH39tjq5yFSRQ8wE5KosRa61SkDRcdVUPbKqbESfl11TC-AsgRrrhKuuriXouqqQlQ0DEPyQfH7QnZduwl6hTRnHdvZmkn7bOmnafy_WDO2d-9k2JdQ8hyTw8VHAux8Lhthu3OJtytzmFezcAXas4weW8i4Ej_rZAVi767T9r9P08eFlsGf-U4n8DwlToWA</recordid><startdate>20220826</startdate><enddate>20220826</enddate><creator>Ditommaso, Savina</creator><creator>Giacomuzzi, Monica</creator><creator>Memoli, Gabriele</creator><creator>Garlasco, Jacopo</creator><creator>Curtoni, Antonio</creator><creator>Iannaccone, Marco</creator><creator>Zotti, Carla M</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-079X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-6334</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8101-4196</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6331-8276</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1590-9009</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220826</creationdate><title>A New Culture Method for the Detection of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Water Samples from Heater-Cooler Units and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Machines</title><author>Ditommaso, Savina ; Giacomuzzi, Monica ; Memoli, Gabriele ; Garlasco, Jacopo ; Curtoni, Antonio ; Iannaccone, Marco ; Zotti, Carla M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-612c5562ffcc424b3c97de07596d25b9861303c9fe87decb88a1f877e05901163</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Agar</topic><topic>Bacilli</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Caustic soda</topic><topic>Cellulose</topic><topic>Cetylpyridinium chloride</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Decontamination</topic><topic>Disease prevention</topic><topic>Disinfection</topic><topic>Environmental conditions</topic><topic>Environmental testing</topic><topic>Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation</topic><topic>Heart surgery</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Membrane filters</topic><topic>Nontuberculous Mycobacteria</topic><topic>Oxygenation</topic><topic>Reference services</topic><topic>Selective media</topic><topic>Sodium hydroxide</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Surveillance</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Tuberculosis</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water Microbiology</topic><topic>Water purification</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ditommaso, Savina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giacomuzzi, Monica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Memoli, Gabriele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garlasco, Jacopo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curtoni, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iannaccone, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zotti, Carla M</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ditommaso, Savina</au><au>Giacomuzzi, Monica</au><au>Memoli, Gabriele</au><au>Garlasco, Jacopo</au><au>Curtoni, Antonio</au><au>Iannaccone, Marco</au><au>Zotti, Carla M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A New Culture Method for the Detection of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Water Samples from Heater-Cooler Units and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Machines</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2022-08-26</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>10645</spage><pages>10645-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>The isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from cultures is particularly laborious due to the potential overgrowth of coexisting non-acid fast bacilli. To reduce the overgrowth of these non-mycobacterial organisms, a decontamination step with NaOH or cetylpyridinium chloride is highly recommended before plating the samples on the culture medium. However, due to their toxicity, decontamination solutions tend to decrease NTM recovery from clinical and environmental samples. Here, we tested an alternative method for NTM recovery based on the use of NTM Elite agar, a selective medium that does not require a decontamination step. Using NTM Elite agar, we were able to detect non-tuberculous mycobacteria in 27.7% (30/108) of water samples analyzed. The average time to NTM detection was 18 days, but some strains required longer to grow, perhaps due to the stressful environmental conditions (periodical disinfection of devices). NTM Elite agar's effectiveness in inhibiting background flora was proven by the isolation of NTM from samples with and without background flora, showing no statistically significant differences in detection rates for different total viable counts of background flora ( = 0.4989). In conclusion, our findings indicate that effective NTM recovery from HCU- and ECMO-derived water samples can be achieved via filtration and direct culture of the filters on NTM Elite agar. This simple procedure can speed up laboratory work and provide an improved method, successfully resulting in low contamination and high detection rate, in addition to being less time-consuming. Its sensitivity and lack of a decontamination step make this protocol particularly useful for monitoring the effectiveness of device disinfection in hospital settings, even in the presence of low NTM loads. Reading timeframes should probably be extended to 7 weeks (i.e., well beyond the standard 4 weeks advised by the manufacturer), in order to isolate even the slow-growing mycobacteria. However, an extended incubation period is not necessary for exclusion of contamination of the devices, as isolation times do not generally exceed 3 weeks.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36078363</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph191710645</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-079X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-6334</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8101-4196</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6331-8276</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1590-9009</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1660-4601
ispartof International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-08, Vol.19 (17), p.10645
issn 1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9518321
source MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Acids
Agar
Bacilli
Bacteria
Caustic soda
Cellulose
Cetylpyridinium chloride
Contamination
Decontamination
Disease prevention
Disinfection
Environmental conditions
Environmental testing
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Heart surgery
Laboratories
Membrane filters
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Oxygenation
Reference services
Selective media
Sodium hydroxide
Statistical analysis
Surveillance
Toxicity
Tuberculosis
Water
Water analysis
Water Microbiology
Water purification
Water sampling
title A New Culture Method for the Detection of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Water Samples from Heater-Cooler Units and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Machines
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-26T16%3A23%3A41IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20New%20Culture%20Method%20for%20the%20Detection%20of%20Non-Tuberculous%20Mycobacteria%20in%20Water%20Samples%20from%20Heater-Cooler%20Units%20and%20Extracorporeal%20Membrane%20Oxygenation%20Machines&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20environmental%20research%20and%20public%20health&rft.au=Ditommaso,%20Savina&rft.date=2022-08-26&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=10645&rft.pages=10645-&rft.issn=1660-4601&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijerph191710645&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2711303111%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2711303111&rft_id=info:pmid/36078363&rfr_iscdi=true