Time-Dependent Toxicity and Health Effects Mechanism of Cadmium to Three Green Algae
As algae are extremely sensitive to heavy-metal ions and can be critical biological indicators in the heavy-metal toxicity analyses conducted by environmental health researchers, this paper explores the sensitivity to temporal toxicity of three species of green algae: , , and . The method of time-de...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-09, Vol.19 (17), p.10974 |
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| creator | Mo, Lingyun Yang, Yilin Zhao, Danna Qin, Litang Yuan, Baikang Liang, Nan |
| description | As algae are extremely sensitive to heavy-metal ions and can be critical biological indicators in the heavy-metal toxicity analyses conducted by environmental health researchers, this paper explores the sensitivity to temporal toxicity of three species of green algae:
,
, and
. The method of time-dependent microplate toxicity analysis was used to systematically investigate the changes in the toxicities of the three green-algae species induced by different concentrations of cadmium (Cd). The chlorophyll
content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the algae were analyzed to explore the mechanism of Cd toxicity after 96 h of exposure. The results showed that the toxic effects of Cd on the three algae species were time-dependent. By comparing the toxic effect of Cd, indicated by pEC
(the negative logarithm of EC
), on the algae species at four durations of exposure (24, 48, 72, and 96 h), this study found that the indicator organisms had different sensitivities to Cd. The order of sensitivity was
>
>
. Cd exposure had significant effects on the chlorophyll
and MDA content and on the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the algae species. The chlorophyll
content in the cells of the algae decreased with increasing Cd concentration. The enzyme activity of CAT and content of MDA increased with increasing Cd concentration, which indicated that Cd had an oxidative stress effect on the three algae species. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph191710974 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9518188</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2711324032</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-ec8fbb0377da75ae431a6262a4180e9d92ab048c619f46be1cc77c9fb80625233</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdUU1Lw0AQXUTxo3r2Jgueo_vV_bgIpdZWqHiJ52WzmTRbmqRuUrH_3khrUS8zA_PmzZt5CF1Tcse5IfdhCXFdUkMVJUaJI3ROpSSJkIQe_6rP0EXbLgnhWkhzis64JEpLrc9RmoYKkkdYQ51D3eG0-Qw-dFvs6hzPwK26Ek-KAnzX4hfwpatDW-GmwGOXV2FT4a7BaRkB8LQPNR6tFg4u0UnhVi1c7fMAvT1N0vEsmb9On8ejeeIFo10CXhdZRrhSuVNDB4JTJ5lkTlBNwOSGuYwI7SU1hZAZUO-V8qbINJFsyDgfoIcd73qTVZD7_oDoVnYdQ-Xi1jYu2L-dOpR20XxYM6Saat0T3O4JYvO-gbazy2YT616zZYpSzgThrEfd71A-Nm0boThsoMR-22D_2dBP3PwWdsD__J1_AWqghKg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2711324032</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Time-Dependent Toxicity and Health Effects Mechanism of Cadmium to Three Green Algae</title><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Mo, Lingyun ; Yang, Yilin ; Zhao, Danna ; Qin, Litang ; Yuan, Baikang ; Liang, Nan</creator><creatorcontrib>Mo, Lingyun ; Yang, Yilin ; Zhao, Danna ; Qin, Litang ; Yuan, Baikang ; Liang, Nan</creatorcontrib><description>As algae are extremely sensitive to heavy-metal ions and can be critical biological indicators in the heavy-metal toxicity analyses conducted by environmental health researchers, this paper explores the sensitivity to temporal toxicity of three species of green algae:
,
, and
. The method of time-dependent microplate toxicity analysis was used to systematically investigate the changes in the toxicities of the three green-algae species induced by different concentrations of cadmium (Cd). The chlorophyll
content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the algae were analyzed to explore the mechanism of Cd toxicity after 96 h of exposure. The results showed that the toxic effects of Cd on the three algae species were time-dependent. By comparing the toxic effect of Cd, indicated by pEC
(the negative logarithm of EC
), on the algae species at four durations of exposure (24, 48, 72, and 96 h), this study found that the indicator organisms had different sensitivities to Cd. The order of sensitivity was
>
>
. Cd exposure had significant effects on the chlorophyll
and MDA content and on the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the algae species. The chlorophyll
content in the cells of the algae decreased with increasing Cd concentration. The enzyme activity of CAT and content of MDA increased with increasing Cd concentration, which indicated that Cd had an oxidative stress effect on the three algae species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710974</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36078688</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Algae ; Antioxidants - pharmacology ; Aquatic plants ; Cadmium ; Cadmium - toxicity ; Catalase ; Chlorella ; Chlorella pyrenoidosa ; Chlorophyll ; Chlorophyll - analysis ; Chlorophyll A ; Environmental health ; Enzymatic activity ; Enzyme activity ; Enzymes ; Exposure ; Heavy metals ; Indicator organisms ; Indicator species ; Metal ions ; Metals ; Oxidative stress ; Pollutants ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Toxicity</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-09, Vol.19 (17), p.10974</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-ec8fbb0377da75ae431a6262a4180e9d92ab048c619f46be1cc77c9fb80625233</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-ec8fbb0377da75ae431a6262a4180e9d92ab048c619f46be1cc77c9fb80625233</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518188/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518188/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36078688$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mo, Lingyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Danna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Litang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Baikang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Nan</creatorcontrib><title>Time-Dependent Toxicity and Health Effects Mechanism of Cadmium to Three Green Algae</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>As algae are extremely sensitive to heavy-metal ions and can be critical biological indicators in the heavy-metal toxicity analyses conducted by environmental health researchers, this paper explores the sensitivity to temporal toxicity of three species of green algae:
,
, and
. The method of time-dependent microplate toxicity analysis was used to systematically investigate the changes in the toxicities of the three green-algae species induced by different concentrations of cadmium (Cd). The chlorophyll
content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the algae were analyzed to explore the mechanism of Cd toxicity after 96 h of exposure. The results showed that the toxic effects of Cd on the three algae species were time-dependent. By comparing the toxic effect of Cd, indicated by pEC
(the negative logarithm of EC
), on the algae species at four durations of exposure (24, 48, 72, and 96 h), this study found that the indicator organisms had different sensitivities to Cd. The order of sensitivity was
>
>
. Cd exposure had significant effects on the chlorophyll
and MDA content and on the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the algae species. The chlorophyll
content in the cells of the algae decreased with increasing Cd concentration. The enzyme activity of CAT and content of MDA increased with increasing Cd concentration, which indicated that Cd had an oxidative stress effect on the three algae species.</description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Antioxidants - pharmacology</subject><subject>Aquatic plants</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Cadmium - toxicity</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Chlorella</subject><subject>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</subject><subject>Chlorophyll</subject><subject>Chlorophyll - analysis</subject><subject>Chlorophyll A</subject><subject>Environmental health</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>Enzyme activity</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Indicator organisms</subject><subject>Indicator species</subject><subject>Metal ions</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Superoxide Dismutase</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUU1Lw0AQXUTxo3r2Jgueo_vV_bgIpdZWqHiJ52WzmTRbmqRuUrH_3khrUS8zA_PmzZt5CF1Tcse5IfdhCXFdUkMVJUaJI3ROpSSJkIQe_6rP0EXbLgnhWkhzis64JEpLrc9RmoYKkkdYQ51D3eG0-Qw-dFvs6hzPwK26Ek-KAnzX4hfwpatDW-GmwGOXV2FT4a7BaRkB8LQPNR6tFg4u0UnhVi1c7fMAvT1N0vEsmb9On8ejeeIFo10CXhdZRrhSuVNDB4JTJ5lkTlBNwOSGuYwI7SU1hZAZUO-V8qbINJFsyDgfoIcd73qTVZD7_oDoVnYdQ-Xi1jYu2L-dOpR20XxYM6Saat0T3O4JYvO-gbazy2YT616zZYpSzgThrEfd71A-Nm0boThsoMR-22D_2dBP3PwWdsD__J1_AWqghKg</recordid><startdate>20220902</startdate><enddate>20220902</enddate><creator>Mo, Lingyun</creator><creator>Yang, Yilin</creator><creator>Zhao, Danna</creator><creator>Qin, Litang</creator><creator>Yuan, Baikang</creator><creator>Liang, Nan</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220902</creationdate><title>Time-Dependent Toxicity and Health Effects Mechanism of Cadmium to Three Green Algae</title><author>Mo, Lingyun ; Yang, Yilin ; Zhao, Danna ; Qin, Litang ; Yuan, Baikang ; Liang, Nan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-ec8fbb0377da75ae431a6262a4180e9d92ab048c619f46be1cc77c9fb80625233</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Algae</topic><topic>Antioxidants - pharmacology</topic><topic>Aquatic plants</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Cadmium - toxicity</topic><topic>Catalase</topic><topic>Chlorella</topic><topic>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</topic><topic>Chlorophyll</topic><topic>Chlorophyll - analysis</topic><topic>Chlorophyll A</topic><topic>Environmental health</topic><topic>Enzymatic activity</topic><topic>Enzyme activity</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Indicator organisms</topic><topic>Indicator species</topic><topic>Metal ions</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Superoxide Dismutase</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mo, Lingyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Danna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Litang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Baikang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Nan</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mo, Lingyun</au><au>Yang, Yilin</au><au>Zhao, Danna</au><au>Qin, Litang</au><au>Yuan, Baikang</au><au>Liang, Nan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Time-Dependent Toxicity and Health Effects Mechanism of Cadmium to Three Green Algae</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2022-09-02</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>10974</spage><pages>10974-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>As algae are extremely sensitive to heavy-metal ions and can be critical biological indicators in the heavy-metal toxicity analyses conducted by environmental health researchers, this paper explores the sensitivity to temporal toxicity of three species of green algae:
,
, and
. The method of time-dependent microplate toxicity analysis was used to systematically investigate the changes in the toxicities of the three green-algae species induced by different concentrations of cadmium (Cd). The chlorophyll
content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the algae were analyzed to explore the mechanism of Cd toxicity after 96 h of exposure. The results showed that the toxic effects of Cd on the three algae species were time-dependent. By comparing the toxic effect of Cd, indicated by pEC
(the negative logarithm of EC
), on the algae species at four durations of exposure (24, 48, 72, and 96 h), this study found that the indicator organisms had different sensitivities to Cd. The order of sensitivity was
>
>
. Cd exposure had significant effects on the chlorophyll
and MDA content and on the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the algae species. The chlorophyll
content in the cells of the algae decreased with increasing Cd concentration. The enzyme activity of CAT and content of MDA increased with increasing Cd concentration, which indicated that Cd had an oxidative stress effect on the three algae species.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36078688</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph191710974</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Algae Antioxidants - pharmacology Aquatic plants Cadmium Cadmium - toxicity Catalase Chlorella Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chlorophyll Chlorophyll - analysis Chlorophyll A Environmental health Enzymatic activity Enzyme activity Enzymes Exposure Heavy metals Indicator organisms Indicator species Metal ions Metals Oxidative stress Pollutants Superoxide Dismutase Toxicity |
| title | Time-Dependent Toxicity and Health Effects Mechanism of Cadmium to Three Green Algae |
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