Quantitative Assessment of First Nations Drinking Water Distribution Systems for Detection and Prevalence of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species
Water is considered a major route for transmitting human-associated pathogens. Although microbial water quality indicators are used to test for the presence of waterborne pathogens in drinking water, the two are poorly correlated. The current study investigates the prevalence of thermophilic DNA mar...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-08, Vol.19 (17), p.10466 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 17 |
| container_start_page | 10466 |
| container_title | International journal of environmental research and public health |
| container_volume | 19 |
| creator | Khan, Izhar U H Murdock, Anita Mahmud, Maria Cloutier, Michel Benoit, Thomas Bashar, Sabrin Patidar, Rakesh Mi, Ruidong Daneshfar, Bahram Farenhorst, Annemieke Kumar, Ayush |
| description | Water is considered a major route for transmitting human-associated pathogens. Although microbial water quality indicators are used to test for the presence of waterborne pathogens in drinking water, the two are poorly correlated. The current study investigates the prevalence of thermophilic DNA markers specific for
spp. (
.
and
) in source water and throughout the water distribution systems of two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada. A total of 220 water samples were collected from various points of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) between 2016 and 2018. Target
spp. were always (100%) detected in a home with a fiberglass (CF) cistern, as well as the community standpipe (SP). The target bacteria were also frequently detected in treated water at the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) (78%), homes with polyethylene (CP) (60%) and concrete (CC) (58%) cisterns, homes with piped (P) water (43%) and water truck (T) samples (20%), with a maximum concentration of 1.9 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
) and 5.6 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
). Similarly, target bacteria were detected in 68% of the source water samples with a maximum concentration of 4.9 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
) and 8.4 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
). Neither target
spp. was significantly associated with free and total chlorine concentrations in water. The study results indicate that there is an immediate need to monitor
spp. in small communities of Canada and, particularly, to improve the DWDS in First Nations communities to minimize the risk of
infection from drinking water sources. Further research is warranted in improving/developing processes and technologies to eliminate microbial contaminants from water. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph191710466 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9518054</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2711297343</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-ef440fc238375eb9390dd135c832bde05a86a1a574adb2c3d4fc4a23004496c63</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkUtPxCAUhYnR-F67MySuR6FQ2m5MzIyvxPiIGpeE0luHsYUKdJL5Ff5lO76iriCcw3cfB6E9Sg4ZK8iRmYHvprSgGSVciBW0SYUgIy4IXf1130BbIcwIYTkXxTraYIJkOc3ZJnq765WNJqpo5oBPQoAQWrARuxqfGR8ivh4kZwOeeGNfjH3GTyqCxxMTojdlvxTx_SJEaAOu3SBABP3xqmyFbz3MVQNWw5L4MAXfum5qGqPxWLXdonGl0kvefQfaQNhBa7VqAux-ndvo8ez0YXwxuro5vxyfXI00S2kcQc05qXXCcpalUBbDLqqKslTnLCkrIKnKhaIqzbiqykSziteaq4QRwnkhtGDb6PiT2_VlC5UeRvaqkZ03rfIL6ZSRfxVrpvLZzWWR0pykfAAcfAG8e-0hRDlzvbdDzzLJKE2KjHE2uI4-Xdq7EDzUPxUokcsE5b8Ehx_7vxv78X9Hxt4BHAKckQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2711297343</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Quantitative Assessment of First Nations Drinking Water Distribution Systems for Detection and Prevalence of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species</title><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Khan, Izhar U H ; Murdock, Anita ; Mahmud, Maria ; Cloutier, Michel ; Benoit, Thomas ; Bashar, Sabrin ; Patidar, Rakesh ; Mi, Ruidong ; Daneshfar, Bahram ; Farenhorst, Annemieke ; Kumar, Ayush</creator><creatorcontrib>Khan, Izhar U H ; Murdock, Anita ; Mahmud, Maria ; Cloutier, Michel ; Benoit, Thomas ; Bashar, Sabrin ; Patidar, Rakesh ; Mi, Ruidong ; Daneshfar, Bahram ; Farenhorst, Annemieke ; Kumar, Ayush</creatorcontrib><description>Water is considered a major route for transmitting human-associated pathogens. Although microbial water quality indicators are used to test for the presence of waterborne pathogens in drinking water, the two are poorly correlated. The current study investigates the prevalence of thermophilic DNA markers specific for
spp. (
.
and
) in source water and throughout the water distribution systems of two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada. A total of 220 water samples were collected from various points of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) between 2016 and 2018. Target
spp. were always (100%) detected in a home with a fiberglass (CF) cistern, as well as the community standpipe (SP). The target bacteria were also frequently detected in treated water at the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) (78%), homes with polyethylene (CP) (60%) and concrete (CC) (58%) cisterns, homes with piped (P) water (43%) and water truck (T) samples (20%), with a maximum concentration of 1.9 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
) and 5.6 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
). Similarly, target bacteria were detected in 68% of the source water samples with a maximum concentration of 4.9 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
) and 8.4 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
). Neither target
spp. was significantly associated with free and total chlorine concentrations in water. The study results indicate that there is an immediate need to monitor
spp. in small communities of Canada and, particularly, to improve the DWDS in First Nations communities to minimize the risk of
infection from drinking water sources. Further research is warranted in improving/developing processes and technologies to eliminate microbial contaminants from water.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710466</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36078183</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Antibiotics ; Bacteria ; Campylobacter ; Campylobacter Infections - epidemiology ; Campylobacter jejuni - genetics ; Chlorine ; Contaminants ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; Drinking Water ; E coli ; Feces ; Fiberglass ; Health risks ; Humans ; Microbial contamination ; Microorganisms ; Native North Americans ; Pathogens ; Polyethylene ; Polyethylenes ; Prevalence ; Risk reduction ; Sedimentation & deposition ; Surface water ; Treated water ; Water analysis ; Water distribution ; Water distribution systems ; Water engineering ; Water pollution ; Water Quality ; Water sampling ; Water treatment ; Water treatment plants</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-08, Vol.19 (17), p.10466</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-ef440fc238375eb9390dd135c832bde05a86a1a574adb2c3d4fc4a23004496c63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-ef440fc238375eb9390dd135c832bde05a86a1a574adb2c3d4fc4a23004496c63</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2031-0834 ; 0000-0003-4857-2772 ; 0000-0001-6395-7932</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518054/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518054/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36078183$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Khan, Izhar U H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murdock, Anita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmud, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cloutier, Michel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benoit, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bashar, Sabrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patidar, Rakesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mi, Ruidong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daneshfar, Bahram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farenhorst, Annemieke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Ayush</creatorcontrib><title>Quantitative Assessment of First Nations Drinking Water Distribution Systems for Detection and Prevalence of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Water is considered a major route for transmitting human-associated pathogens. Although microbial water quality indicators are used to test for the presence of waterborne pathogens in drinking water, the two are poorly correlated. The current study investigates the prevalence of thermophilic DNA markers specific for
spp. (
.
and
) in source water and throughout the water distribution systems of two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada. A total of 220 water samples were collected from various points of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) between 2016 and 2018. Target
spp. were always (100%) detected in a home with a fiberglass (CF) cistern, as well as the community standpipe (SP). The target bacteria were also frequently detected in treated water at the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) (78%), homes with polyethylene (CP) (60%) and concrete (CC) (58%) cisterns, homes with piped (P) water (43%) and water truck (T) samples (20%), with a maximum concentration of 1.9 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
) and 5.6 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
). Similarly, target bacteria were detected in 68% of the source water samples with a maximum concentration of 4.9 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
) and 8.4 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
). Neither target
spp. was significantly associated with free and total chlorine concentrations in water. The study results indicate that there is an immediate need to monitor
spp. in small communities of Canada and, particularly, to improve the DWDS in First Nations communities to minimize the risk of
infection from drinking water sources. Further research is warranted in improving/developing processes and technologies to eliminate microbial contaminants from water.</description><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Campylobacter</subject><subject>Campylobacter Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Campylobacter jejuni - genetics</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Drinking Water</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Fiberglass</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Microbial contamination</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Native North Americans</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Polyethylene</subject><subject>Polyethylenes</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Risk reduction</subject><subject>Sedimentation & deposition</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Treated water</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water distribution</subject><subject>Water distribution systems</subject><subject>Water engineering</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Water Quality</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><subject>Water treatment</subject><subject>Water treatment plants</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtPxCAUhYnR-F67MySuR6FQ2m5MzIyvxPiIGpeE0luHsYUKdJL5Ff5lO76iriCcw3cfB6E9Sg4ZK8iRmYHvprSgGSVciBW0SYUgIy4IXf1130BbIcwIYTkXxTraYIJkOc3ZJnq765WNJqpo5oBPQoAQWrARuxqfGR8ivh4kZwOeeGNfjH3GTyqCxxMTojdlvxTx_SJEaAOu3SBABP3xqmyFbz3MVQNWw5L4MAXfum5qGqPxWLXdonGl0kvefQfaQNhBa7VqAux-ndvo8ez0YXwxuro5vxyfXI00S2kcQc05qXXCcpalUBbDLqqKslTnLCkrIKnKhaIqzbiqykSziteaq4QRwnkhtGDb6PiT2_VlC5UeRvaqkZ03rfIL6ZSRfxVrpvLZzWWR0pykfAAcfAG8e-0hRDlzvbdDzzLJKE2KjHE2uI4-Xdq7EDzUPxUokcsE5b8Ehx_7vxv78X9Hxt4BHAKckQ</recordid><startdate>20220823</startdate><enddate>20220823</enddate><creator>Khan, Izhar U H</creator><creator>Murdock, Anita</creator><creator>Mahmud, Maria</creator><creator>Cloutier, Michel</creator><creator>Benoit, Thomas</creator><creator>Bashar, Sabrin</creator><creator>Patidar, Rakesh</creator><creator>Mi, Ruidong</creator><creator>Daneshfar, Bahram</creator><creator>Farenhorst, Annemieke</creator><creator>Kumar, Ayush</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2031-0834</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-2772</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-7932</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220823</creationdate><title>Quantitative Assessment of First Nations Drinking Water Distribution Systems for Detection and Prevalence of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species</title><author>Khan, Izhar U H ; Murdock, Anita ; Mahmud, Maria ; Cloutier, Michel ; Benoit, Thomas ; Bashar, Sabrin ; Patidar, Rakesh ; Mi, Ruidong ; Daneshfar, Bahram ; Farenhorst, Annemieke ; Kumar, Ayush</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-ef440fc238375eb9390dd135c832bde05a86a1a574adb2c3d4fc4a23004496c63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Campylobacter</topic><topic>Campylobacter Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Campylobacter jejuni - genetics</topic><topic>Chlorine</topic><topic>Contaminants</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Drinking Water</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Fiberglass</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Microbial contamination</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Native North Americans</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Polyethylene</topic><topic>Polyethylenes</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Risk reduction</topic><topic>Sedimentation & deposition</topic><topic>Surface water</topic><topic>Treated water</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water distribution</topic><topic>Water distribution systems</topic><topic>Water engineering</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><topic>Water Quality</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><topic>Water treatment</topic><topic>Water treatment plants</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Khan, Izhar U H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murdock, Anita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmud, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cloutier, Michel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benoit, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bashar, Sabrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patidar, Rakesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mi, Ruidong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daneshfar, Bahram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farenhorst, Annemieke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Ayush</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Khan, Izhar U H</au><au>Murdock, Anita</au><au>Mahmud, Maria</au><au>Cloutier, Michel</au><au>Benoit, Thomas</au><au>Bashar, Sabrin</au><au>Patidar, Rakesh</au><au>Mi, Ruidong</au><au>Daneshfar, Bahram</au><au>Farenhorst, Annemieke</au><au>Kumar, Ayush</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantitative Assessment of First Nations Drinking Water Distribution Systems for Detection and Prevalence of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2022-08-23</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>10466</spage><pages>10466-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Water is considered a major route for transmitting human-associated pathogens. Although microbial water quality indicators are used to test for the presence of waterborne pathogens in drinking water, the two are poorly correlated. The current study investigates the prevalence of thermophilic DNA markers specific for
spp. (
.
and
) in source water and throughout the water distribution systems of two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada. A total of 220 water samples were collected from various points of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) between 2016 and 2018. Target
spp. were always (100%) detected in a home with a fiberglass (CF) cistern, as well as the community standpipe (SP). The target bacteria were also frequently detected in treated water at the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) (78%), homes with polyethylene (CP) (60%) and concrete (CC) (58%) cisterns, homes with piped (P) water (43%) and water truck (T) samples (20%), with a maximum concentration of 1.9 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
) and 5.6 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
). Similarly, target bacteria were detected in 68% of the source water samples with a maximum concentration of 4.9 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
) and 8.4 × 10
cells 100 mL
(
). Neither target
spp. was significantly associated with free and total chlorine concentrations in water. The study results indicate that there is an immediate need to monitor
spp. in small communities of Canada and, particularly, to improve the DWDS in First Nations communities to minimize the risk of
infection from drinking water sources. Further research is warranted in improving/developing processes and technologies to eliminate microbial contaminants from water.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36078183</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph191710466</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2031-0834</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-2772</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-7932</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1660-4601 |
| ispartof | International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-08, Vol.19 (17), p.10466 |
| issn | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9518054 |
| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Antibiotics Bacteria Campylobacter Campylobacter Infections - epidemiology Campylobacter jejuni - genetics Chlorine Contaminants Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Drinking Water E coli Feces Fiberglass Health risks Humans Microbial contamination Microorganisms Native North Americans Pathogens Polyethylene Polyethylenes Prevalence Risk reduction Sedimentation & deposition Surface water Treated water Water analysis Water distribution Water distribution systems Water engineering Water pollution Water Quality Water sampling Water treatment Water treatment plants |
| title | Quantitative Assessment of First Nations Drinking Water Distribution Systems for Detection and Prevalence of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-01T23%3A37%3A24IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Quantitative%20Assessment%20of%20First%20Nations%20Drinking%20Water%20Distribution%20Systems%20for%20Detection%20and%20Prevalence%20of%20Thermophilic%20Campylobacter%20Species&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20environmental%20research%20and%20public%20health&rft.au=Khan,%20Izhar%20U%20H&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=10466&rft.pages=10466-&rft.issn=1660-4601&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijerph191710466&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2711297343%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2711297343&rft_id=info:pmid/36078183&rfr_iscdi=true |