Interval between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination impacts magnitude and quality of antibody and B cell responses

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster vaccines provide protection from severe disease, eliciting strong immunity that is further boosted by previous infection. However, it is unclear whether these immune responses are affected by the interval between infection and vaccination. Over a 2-month period, we evaluated...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cell 2022-11, Vol.185 (23), p.4333-4346.e14
Hauptverfasser: Buckner, Clarisa M., Kardava, Lela, El Merhebi, Omar, Narpala, Sandeep R., Serebryannyy, Leonid, Lin, Bob C., Wang, Wei, Zhang, Xiaozhen, Lopes de Assis, Felipe, Kelly, Sophie E.M., Teng, I-Ting, McCormack, Genevieve E., Praiss, Lauren H., Seamon, Catherine A., Rai, M. Ali, Kalish, Heather, Kwong, Peter D., Proschan, Michael A., McDermott, Adrian B., Fauci, Anthony S., Chun, Tae-Wook, Moir, Susan
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container_end_page 4346.e14
container_issue 23
container_start_page 4333
container_title Cell
container_volume 185
creator Buckner, Clarisa M.
Kardava, Lela
El Merhebi, Omar
Narpala, Sandeep R.
Serebryannyy, Leonid
Lin, Bob C.
Wang, Wei
Zhang, Xiaozhen
Lopes de Assis, Felipe
Kelly, Sophie E.M.
Teng, I-Ting
McCormack, Genevieve E.
Praiss, Lauren H.
Seamon, Catherine A.
Rai, M. Ali
Kalish, Heather
Kwong, Peter D.
Proschan, Michael A.
McDermott, Adrian B.
Fauci, Anthony S.
Chun, Tae-Wook
Moir, Susan
description SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster vaccines provide protection from severe disease, eliciting strong immunity that is further boosted by previous infection. However, it is unclear whether these immune responses are affected by the interval between infection and vaccination. Over a 2-month period, we evaluated antibody and B cell responses to a third-dose mRNA vaccine in 66 individuals with different infection histories. Uninfected and post-boost but not previously infected individuals mounted robust ancestral and variant spike-binding and neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells. Spike-specific B cell responses from recent infection (
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.032
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Over a 2-month period, we evaluated antibody and B cell responses to a third-dose mRNA vaccine in 66 individuals with different infection histories. Uninfected and post-boost but not previously infected individuals mounted robust ancestral and variant spike-binding and neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells. Spike-specific B cell responses from recent infection (&lt;180 days) were elevated at pre-boost but comparatively less so at 60 days post-boost compared with uninfected individuals, and these differences were linked to baseline frequencies of CD27lo B cells. Day 60 to baseline ratio of BCR signaling measured by phosphorylation of Syk was inversely correlated to days between infection and vaccination. Thus, B cell responses to booster vaccines are impeded by recent infection. [Display omitted] •Pre-boost SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and B cells are elevated by prior infection•Post-boost SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and B cells are muted by prior infection•Interval from infection to vaccination inversely correlates with booster response•Pre-boost RBD-specific CD21+CD27lo B cells are associated with booster response For COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, immunization with a booster dose elicits robust antibody and B cell responses that are further increased if a breakthrough infection occurs after vaccination. 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Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalish, Heather</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwong, Peter D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Proschan, Michael A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McDermott, Adrian B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fauci, Anthony S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chun, Tae-Wook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moir, Susan</creatorcontrib><title>Interval between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination impacts magnitude and quality of antibody and B cell responses</title><title>Cell</title><addtitle>Cell</addtitle><description>SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster vaccines provide protection from severe disease, eliciting strong immunity that is further boosted by previous infection. However, it is unclear whether these immune responses are affected by the interval between infection and vaccination. Over a 2-month period, we evaluated antibody and B cell responses to a third-dose mRNA vaccine in 66 individuals with different infection histories. 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[Display omitted] •Pre-boost SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and B cells are elevated by prior infection•Post-boost SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and B cells are muted by prior infection•Interval from infection to vaccination inversely correlates with booster response•Pre-boost RBD-specific CD21+CD27lo B cells are associated with booster response For COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, immunization with a booster dose elicits robust antibody and B cell responses that are further increased if a breakthrough infection occurs after vaccination. 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Ali</au><au>Kalish, Heather</au><au>Kwong, Peter D.</au><au>Proschan, Michael A.</au><au>McDermott, Adrian B.</au><au>Fauci, Anthony S.</au><au>Chun, Tae-Wook</au><au>Moir, Susan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Interval between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination impacts magnitude and quality of antibody and B cell responses</atitle><jtitle>Cell</jtitle><addtitle>Cell</addtitle><date>2022-11-10</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>185</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>4333</spage><epage>4346.e14</epage><pages>4333-4346.e14</pages><issn>0092-8674</issn><eissn>1097-4172</eissn><abstract>SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster vaccines provide protection from severe disease, eliciting strong immunity that is further boosted by previous infection. However, it is unclear whether these immune responses are affected by the interval between infection and vaccination. Over a 2-month period, we evaluated antibody and B cell responses to a third-dose mRNA vaccine in 66 individuals with different infection histories. Uninfected and post-boost but not previously infected individuals mounted robust ancestral and variant spike-binding and neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells. Spike-specific B cell responses from recent infection (&lt;180 days) were elevated at pre-boost but comparatively less so at 60 days post-boost compared with uninfected individuals, and these differences were linked to baseline frequencies of CD27lo B cells. Day 60 to baseline ratio of BCR signaling measured by phosphorylation of Syk was inversely correlated to days between infection and vaccination. Thus, B cell responses to booster vaccines are impeded by recent infection. [Display omitted] •Pre-boost SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and B cells are elevated by prior infection•Post-boost SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and B cells are muted by prior infection•Interval from infection to vaccination inversely correlates with booster response•Pre-boost RBD-specific CD21+CD27lo B cells are associated with booster response For COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, immunization with a booster dose elicits robust antibody and B cell responses that are further increased if a breakthrough infection occurs after vaccination. In contrast, when infection occurs prior to booster vaccination, antibody and B cell responses are muted closer to the infection time and achieve better levels as the time interval between infection and vaccination increases.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>36257313</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.032</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-6911</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects antibodies
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
B-Lymphocytes - immunology
booster vaccination
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Humans
hybrid immunity
infection
memory B cells
mRNA Vaccines
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination
variants
Viral Vaccines
title Interval between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination impacts magnitude and quality of antibody and B cell responses
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