On Molecular Dynamics and Charge Transport in a Flexible Epoxy Resin Network
An epoxy based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A was reacted with a long-chain poly(oxypropylene diamine) hardener in the presence of an accelerator, resulting in a flexible epoxy network. Tensile properties were tested as a function of accelerator concentration. All systems exhibited high levels o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2022-09, Vol.15 (18), p.6413 |
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| creator | Vryonis, Orestis Vaughan, Alun S. Andritsch, Thomas Morshuis, Peter H. F. Claverie, Aurore |
| description | An epoxy based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A was reacted with a long-chain poly(oxypropylene diamine) hardener in the presence of an accelerator, resulting in a flexible epoxy network. Tensile properties were tested as a function of accelerator concentration. All systems exhibited high levels of extensibility, with strain at failure values in excess of 65%. Molecular dynamics in a formulation containing 10 phr of accelerator were then examined using dielectric spectroscopy over the temperature range of 103–433 K. At low temperatures, a molecular relaxation process (γ relaxation) was observed and shown to conform well to both the Arrhenius equation and activated tunnelling. A stronger relaxation appeared (203–303 K) just before the onset of charge transport, which dominated the behaviour at higher temperatures. The former takes an unusual bimodal form, which we consider a result of overlapping β and α relaxations, consequently termed αβ mode. Analysis of this mechanism revealed a Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) behaviour. The temperature-dependent DC conductivity, σDC (deduced from the low-frequency charge transport contribution to εr″), also revealed VFT behaviour with an onset statistically equivalent to that of the αβ mode, therefore suggesting that charge transport, at this temperature regime, is strongly affiliated with cooperative molecular motion. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma15186413 |
| format | Article |
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A stronger relaxation appeared (203–303 K) just before the onset of charge transport, which dominated the behaviour at higher temperatures. The former takes an unusual bimodal form, which we consider a result of overlapping β and α relaxations, consequently termed αβ mode. Analysis of this mechanism revealed a Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) behaviour. The temperature-dependent DC conductivity, σDC (deduced from the low-frequency charge transport contribution to εr″), also revealed VFT behaviour with an onset statistically equivalent to that of the αβ mode, therefore suggesting that charge transport, at this temperature regime, is strongly affiliated with cooperative molecular motion.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma15186413</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36143722</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Bisphenol A ; Charge transfer ; Charge transport ; Chemical properties ; Curing ; Diamines ; Electric properties ; Epoxy resins ; Hydrogen ; Low temperature ; Materials research ; Molecular dynamics ; Molecular motion ; Molecular relaxation ; Molecular structure ; Temperature dependence ; Tensile properties</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2022-09, Vol.15 (18), p.6413</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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At low temperatures, a molecular relaxation process (γ relaxation) was observed and shown to conform well to both the Arrhenius equation and activated tunnelling. A stronger relaxation appeared (203–303 K) just before the onset of charge transport, which dominated the behaviour at higher temperatures. The former takes an unusual bimodal form, which we consider a result of overlapping β and α relaxations, consequently termed αβ mode. Analysis of this mechanism revealed a Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) behaviour. 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| subjects | Bisphenol A Charge transfer Charge transport Chemical properties Curing Diamines Electric properties Epoxy resins Hydrogen Low temperature Materials research Molecular dynamics Molecular motion Molecular relaxation Molecular structure Temperature dependence Tensile properties |
| title | On Molecular Dynamics and Charge Transport in a Flexible Epoxy Resin Network |
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