Insight into the Effects of High-Altitude Hypoxic Exposure on Learning and Memory
The earth land area is heterogeneous in terms of elevation; about 45% of its land area belongs to higher elevation with altitude above 500 meters compared to sea level. In most cases, oxygen concentration decreases as altitude increases. Thus, high-altitude hypoxic stress is commonly faced by reside...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2022, Vol.2022, p.4163188-14 |
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| container_title | Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity |
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| creator | Zhang, Zi-ang Sun, Yafei Yuan, Ziyan Wang, Lei Dong, Qian Zhou, Yang Zheng, Gang Aschner, Michael Zou, Yuankang Luo, Wenjing |
| description | The earth land area is heterogeneous in terms of elevation; about 45% of its land area belongs to higher elevation with altitude above 500 meters compared to sea level. In most cases, oxygen concentration decreases as altitude increases. Thus, high-altitude hypoxic stress is commonly faced by residents in areas with an average elevation exceeding 2500 meters and those who have just entered the plateau. High-altitude hypoxia significantly affects advanced neurobehaviors including learning and memory (L&M). Hippocampus, the integration center of L&M, could be the most crucial target affected by high-altitude hypoxia exposure. Based on these points, this review thoroughly discussed the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and L&M impairment, in terms of hippocampal neuron apoptosis and dysfunction, neuronal oxidative stress disorder, neurotransmitters and related receptors, and nerve cell energy metabolism disorder, which is of great significance to find potential targets for medical intervention. Studies illustrate that the mechanism of L&M damaged by high-altitude hypoxia should be further investigated based on the entire review of issues related to this topic. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2022/4163188 |
| format | Article |
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In most cases, oxygen concentration decreases as altitude increases. Thus, high-altitude hypoxic stress is commonly faced by residents in areas with an average elevation exceeding 2500 meters and those who have just entered the plateau. High-altitude hypoxia significantly affects advanced neurobehaviors including learning and memory (L&M). Hippocampus, the integration center of L&M, could be the most crucial target affected by high-altitude hypoxia exposure. Based on these points, this review thoroughly discussed the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and L&M impairment, in terms of hippocampal neuron apoptosis and dysfunction, neuronal oxidative stress disorder, neurotransmitters and related receptors, and nerve cell energy metabolism disorder, which is of great significance to find potential targets for medical intervention. Studies illustrate that the mechanism of L&M damaged by high-altitude hypoxia should be further investigated based on the entire review of issues related to this topic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1942-0900</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1942-0994</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2022/4163188</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36160703</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Hindawi</publisher><subject>Adaptation ; Altitude ; Altitude Sickness - metabolism ; Angiogenesis ; Brain research ; Cell division ; Edema ; Enzymes ; Flow velocity ; Gene expression ; Hemoglobin ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Hypoxia - metabolism ; Maze Learning ; Memory ; Metabolism ; Nervous system ; Oxygen - pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Physiology ; Review ; Sea level ; Signal transduction ; Transcription factors ; Vascular endothelial growth factor</subject><ispartof>Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2022, Vol.2022, p.4163188-14</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2022 Zi-ang Zhang et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 Zi-ang Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 Zi-ang Zhang et al. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-2001d94dcfdaa65f08265f7afac0aeb87275168ee883665a8f7b03d2ccca37763</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-2001d94dcfdaa65f08265f7afac0aeb87275168ee883665a8f7b03d2ccca37763</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8134-9340 ; 0000-0002-5598-791X ; 0000-0003-4826-3961 ; 0000-0002-7511-0007</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9492407/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9492407/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,882,4010,27904,27905,27906,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36160703$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Sita, Giulia</contributor><contributor>Giulia Sita</contributor><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Zi-ang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Yafei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Ziyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Qian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Gang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aschner, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zou, Yuankang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Wenjing</creatorcontrib><title>Insight into the Effects of High-Altitude Hypoxic Exposure on Learning and Memory</title><title>Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity</title><addtitle>Oxid Med Cell Longev</addtitle><description>The earth land area is heterogeneous in terms of elevation; about 45% of its land area belongs to higher elevation with altitude above 500 meters compared to sea level. In most cases, oxygen concentration decreases as altitude increases. Thus, high-altitude hypoxic stress is commonly faced by residents in areas with an average elevation exceeding 2500 meters and those who have just entered the plateau. High-altitude hypoxia significantly affects advanced neurobehaviors including learning and memory (L&M). Hippocampus, the integration center of L&M, could be the most crucial target affected by high-altitude hypoxia exposure. Based on these points, this review thoroughly discussed the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and L&M impairment, in terms of hippocampal neuron apoptosis and dysfunction, neuronal oxidative stress disorder, neurotransmitters and related receptors, and nerve cell energy metabolism disorder, which is of great significance to find potential targets for medical intervention. Studies illustrate that the mechanism of L&M damaged by high-altitude hypoxia should be further investigated based on the entire review of issues related to this topic.</description><subject>Adaptation</subject><subject>Altitude</subject><subject>Altitude Sickness - metabolism</subject><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Cell division</subject><subject>Edema</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Hemoglobin</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypoxia</subject><subject>Hypoxia - metabolism</subject><subject>Maze Learning</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Oxygen - pharmacology</subject><subject>Phosphorylation</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Sea level</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><subject>Vascular endothelial growth factor</subject><issn>1942-0900</issn><issn>1942-0994</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1rGzEQxUVoyVd7yzkIemy2GX2spL0UQnDigEsptGchayVbwZZcSZvG_3032DHppZeZgfnx5jEPoQsCXwhp22sKlF5zIhhR6gidko7TBrqOvzvMACforJRHAMEoJ8fohAkiQAI7RT8eYgmLZcUh1oTr0uGJ987WgpPH03HT3KxqqEPv8HS7Sc_B4snzJpUhO5winjmTY4gLbGKPv7l1ytsP6L03q-I-7vs5-nU3-Xk7bWbf7x9ub2aN5VzVhgKQvuO99b0xovWg6Fil8caCcXMlqWyJUM4pxYRojfJyDqyn1lrDpBTsHH3d6W6G-dr11sWazUpvclibvNXJBP3vJoalXqQn3fGOcpCjwKe9QE6_B1eqfkxDjqNnTSUZr0vWwUhd7SibUynZ-cMFAvolAP0SgN4HMOKXb10d4NePj8DnHbAMsTd_wv_l_gLeZI3X</recordid><startdate>2022</startdate><enddate>2022</enddate><creator>Zhang, Zi-ang</creator><creator>Sun, Yafei</creator><creator>Yuan, Ziyan</creator><creator>Wang, Lei</creator><creator>Dong, Qian</creator><creator>Zhou, Yang</creator><creator>Zheng, Gang</creator><creator>Aschner, Michael</creator><creator>Zou, Yuankang</creator><creator>Luo, Wenjing</creator><general>Hindawi</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8134-9340</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-791X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-3961</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-0007</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2022</creationdate><title>Insight into the Effects of High-Altitude Hypoxic Exposure on Learning and Memory</title><author>Zhang, Zi-ang ; 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about 45% of its land area belongs to higher elevation with altitude above 500 meters compared to sea level. In most cases, oxygen concentration decreases as altitude increases. Thus, high-altitude hypoxic stress is commonly faced by residents in areas with an average elevation exceeding 2500 meters and those who have just entered the plateau. High-altitude hypoxia significantly affects advanced neurobehaviors including learning and memory (L&M). Hippocampus, the integration center of L&M, could be the most crucial target affected by high-altitude hypoxia exposure. Based on these points, this review thoroughly discussed the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and L&M impairment, in terms of hippocampal neuron apoptosis and dysfunction, neuronal oxidative stress disorder, neurotransmitters and related receptors, and nerve cell energy metabolism disorder, which is of great significance to find potential targets for medical intervention. 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| subjects | Adaptation Altitude Altitude Sickness - metabolism Angiogenesis Brain research Cell division Edema Enzymes Flow velocity Gene expression Hemoglobin Humans Hypoxia Hypoxia - metabolism Maze Learning Memory Metabolism Nervous system Oxygen - pharmacology Phosphorylation Physiology Review Sea level Signal transduction Transcription factors Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| title | Insight into the Effects of High-Altitude Hypoxic Exposure on Learning and Memory |
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