Functional Nanogel from Natural Substances for Delivery of Doxorubicin
Nanogels (NGs) have attracted great attention because of their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, very low toxicity, flexibility, and softness. NGs are characterized with a low and nonspecific interaction with blood proteins, meaning that they do not induce any immunological responses i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2022-09, Vol.14 (17), p.3694 |
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| creator | Kamenova, Katya Radeva, Lyubomira Yoncheva, Krassimira Ublekov, Filip Ravutsov, Martin A. Marinova, Maya K. Simeonov, Svilen P. Forys, Aleksander Trzebicka, Barbara Petrov, Petar D. |
| description | Nanogels (NGs) have attracted great attention because of their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, very low toxicity, flexibility, and softness. NGs are characterized with a low and nonspecific interaction with blood proteins, meaning that they do not induce any immunological responses in the body. Due to these properties, NGs are considered promising candidates for pharmaceutical and biomedical application. In this work, we introduce the development of novel functional nanogel obtained from two naturally based products—citric acid (CA) and pentane-1,2,5-triol (PT). The nanogel was synthesized by precipitation esterification reaction of CA and PT in tetrahydrofuran using N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) catalyst system. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses revealed formation of spherical nanogel particles with a negative surface charge. Next, the nanogel was loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) by electrostatic interactions between carboxylic groups present in the nanogel and amino groups of DOX. The drug-loaded nanogel exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (EE~95%), and a bi-phasic release behavior. Embedding DOX into nanogel also stabilized the drug against photodegradation. The degradability of nanogel under acidic and neutral conditions with time was investigated as well. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym14173694 |
| format | Article |
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NGs are characterized with a low and nonspecific interaction with blood proteins, meaning that they do not induce any immunological responses in the body. Due to these properties, NGs are considered promising candidates for pharmaceutical and biomedical application. In this work, we introduce the development of novel functional nanogel obtained from two naturally based products—citric acid (CA) and pentane-1,2,5-triol (PT). The nanogel was synthesized by precipitation esterification reaction of CA and PT in tetrahydrofuran using N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) catalyst system. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses revealed formation of spherical nanogel particles with a negative surface charge. Next, the nanogel was loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) by electrostatic interactions between carboxylic groups present in the nanogel and amino groups of DOX. The drug-loaded nanogel exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (EE~95%), and a bi-phasic release behavior. Embedding DOX into nanogel also stabilized the drug against photodegradation. The degradability of nanogel under acidic and neutral conditions with time was investigated as well.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym14173694</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36080768</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Atomic force microscopy ; Biocompatibility ; Biodegradability ; Biomedical materials ; Blood proteins ; Chemical precipitation ; Citric acid ; Doxorubicin ; Drug delivery systems ; Emulsion polymerization ; Esterification ; Hydrogels ; Immunology ; Microscopy ; Photodegradation ; Photon correlation spectroscopy ; Polymers ; Softness ; Solvents ; Surface charge ; Surfactants ; Tetrahydrofuran ; Toxicity</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2022-09, Vol.14 (17), p.3694</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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NGs are characterized with a low and nonspecific interaction with blood proteins, meaning that they do not induce any immunological responses in the body. Due to these properties, NGs are considered promising candidates for pharmaceutical and biomedical application. In this work, we introduce the development of novel functional nanogel obtained from two naturally based products—citric acid (CA) and pentane-1,2,5-triol (PT). The nanogel was synthesized by precipitation esterification reaction of CA and PT in tetrahydrofuran using N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) catalyst system. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses revealed formation of spherical nanogel particles with a negative surface charge. Next, the nanogel was loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) by electrostatic interactions between carboxylic groups present in the nanogel and amino groups of DOX. The drug-loaded nanogel exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (EE~95%), and a bi-phasic release behavior. Embedding DOX into nanogel also stabilized the drug against photodegradation. 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NGs are characterized with a low and nonspecific interaction with blood proteins, meaning that they do not induce any immunological responses in the body. Due to these properties, NGs are considered promising candidates for pharmaceutical and biomedical application. In this work, we introduce the development of novel functional nanogel obtained from two naturally based products—citric acid (CA) and pentane-1,2,5-triol (PT). The nanogel was synthesized by precipitation esterification reaction of CA and PT in tetrahydrofuran using N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) catalyst system. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses revealed formation of spherical nanogel particles with a negative surface charge. Next, the nanogel was loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) by electrostatic interactions between carboxylic groups present in the nanogel and amino groups of DOX. The drug-loaded nanogel exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (EE~95%), and a bi-phasic release behavior. Embedding DOX into nanogel also stabilized the drug against photodegradation. The degradability of nanogel under acidic and neutral conditions with time was investigated as well.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36080768</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym14173694</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-2066</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6131-4017</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6994-868X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3456-7027</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-7342</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-0973</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2704-3054</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Atomic force microscopy Biocompatibility Biodegradability Biomedical materials Blood proteins Chemical precipitation Citric acid Doxorubicin Drug delivery systems Emulsion polymerization Esterification Hydrogels Immunology Microscopy Photodegradation Photon correlation spectroscopy Polymers Softness Solvents Surface charge Surfactants Tetrahydrofuran Toxicity |
| title | Functional Nanogel from Natural Substances for Delivery of Doxorubicin |
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