The Severity of COVID-19 Affects the Plasma Soluble Levels of the Immune Checkpoint HLA-G Molecule
The non-classical histocompatibility antigen G (HLA-G) is an immune checkpoint molecule that has been implicated in viral disorders. We evaluated the plasma soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in 239 individuals, arranged in COVID-19 patients (n = 189) followed up at home or in a hospital, and in healthy control...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2022-08, Vol.23 (17), p.9736 |
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| creator | Cordeiro, Jéssica F. C. Fernandes, Talita M. Toro, Diana M. da Silva-Neto, Pedro V. Pimentel, Vinícius E. Pérez, Malena M. de Carvalho, Jonatan C. S. Fraga-Silva, Thais F. C. Oliveira, Camilla N. S. Argolo, Jamille G. M. Degiovani, Augusto M. Ostini, Fátima M. Puginna, Enrico F. da Silva, João S. Santos, Isabel K. F. M. Bonato, Vânia L. D. Cardoso, Cristina R. B. Dias-Baruffi, Marcelo Faccioli, Lúcia H. Donadi, Eduardo A. Sorgi, Carlos A. Fernandes, Ana P. M. |
| description | The non-classical histocompatibility antigen G (HLA-G) is an immune checkpoint molecule that has been implicated in viral disorders. We evaluated the plasma soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in 239 individuals, arranged in COVID-19 patients (n = 189) followed up at home or in a hospital, and in healthy controls (n = 50). Increased levels of sHLA-G were observed in COVID-19 patients irrespective of the facility care, gender, age, and the presence of comorbidities. Compared with controls, the sHLA-G levels increased as far as disease severity progressed; however, the levels decreased in critically ill patients, suggesting an immune exhaustion phenomenon. Notably, sHLA-G exhibited a positive correlation with other mediators currently observed in the acute phase of the disease, including IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. Although sHLA-G levels may be associated with an acute biomarker of COVID-19, the increased levels alone were not associated with disease severity or mortality due to COVID-19. Whether the SARS-CoV-2 per se or the innate/adaptive immune response against the virus is responsible for the increased levels of sHLA-G are questions that need to be further addressed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms23179736 |
| format | Article |
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C. ; Fernandes, Talita M. ; Toro, Diana M. ; da Silva-Neto, Pedro V. ; Pimentel, Vinícius E. ; Pérez, Malena M. ; de Carvalho, Jonatan C. S. ; Fraga-Silva, Thais F. C. ; Oliveira, Camilla N. S. ; Argolo, Jamille G. M. ; Degiovani, Augusto M. ; Ostini, Fátima M. ; Puginna, Enrico F. ; da Silva, João S. ; Santos, Isabel K. F. M. ; Bonato, Vânia L. D. ; Cardoso, Cristina R. B. ; Dias-Baruffi, Marcelo ; Faccioli, Lúcia H. ; Donadi, Eduardo A. ; Sorgi, Carlos A. ; Fernandes, Ana P. M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Cordeiro, Jéssica F. C. ; Fernandes, Talita M. ; Toro, Diana M. ; da Silva-Neto, Pedro V. ; Pimentel, Vinícius E. ; Pérez, Malena M. ; de Carvalho, Jonatan C. S. ; Fraga-Silva, Thais F. C. ; Oliveira, Camilla N. S. ; Argolo, Jamille G. M. ; Degiovani, Augusto M. ; Ostini, Fátima M. ; Puginna, Enrico F. ; da Silva, João S. ; Santos, Isabel K. F. M. ; Bonato, Vânia L. D. ; Cardoso, Cristina R. B. ; Dias-Baruffi, Marcelo ; Faccioli, Lúcia H. ; Donadi, Eduardo A. ; Sorgi, Carlos A. ; Fernandes, Ana P. M. ; on behalf of the IMMUNOCOVID Study Group</creatorcontrib><description>The non-classical histocompatibility antigen G (HLA-G) is an immune checkpoint molecule that has been implicated in viral disorders. We evaluated the plasma soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in 239 individuals, arranged in COVID-19 patients (n = 189) followed up at home or in a hospital, and in healthy controls (n = 50). Increased levels of sHLA-G were observed in COVID-19 patients irrespective of the facility care, gender, age, and the presence of comorbidities. Compared with controls, the sHLA-G levels increased as far as disease severity progressed; however, the levels decreased in critically ill patients, suggesting an immune exhaustion phenomenon. Notably, sHLA-G exhibited a positive correlation with other mediators currently observed in the acute phase of the disease, including IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. Although sHLA-G levels may be associated with an acute biomarker of COVID-19, the increased levels alone were not associated with disease severity or mortality due to COVID-19. Whether the SARS-CoV-2 per se or the innate/adaptive immune response against the virus is responsible for the increased levels of sHLA-G are questions that need to be further addressed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179736</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36077133</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adaptive immunity ; Age ; Asymptomatic ; Body mass index ; Cardiovascular disease ; Comorbidity ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Cytokines ; Cytotoxicity ; Diabetes ; Histocompatibility antigen HLA ; Hospitalization ; Hypertension ; Immune checkpoint ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Infections ; Interleukin 10 ; Interleukin 6 ; Interleukin 8 ; Laboratories ; Lymphocytes ; Neutrophils ; Patients ; Physiology ; Plasma ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Viral infections</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2022-08, Vol.23 (17), p.9736</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. 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Compared with controls, the sHLA-G levels increased as far as disease severity progressed; however, the levels decreased in critically ill patients, suggesting an immune exhaustion phenomenon. Notably, sHLA-G exhibited a positive correlation with other mediators currently observed in the acute phase of the disease, including IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. Although sHLA-G levels may be associated with an acute biomarker of COVID-19, the increased levels alone were not associated with disease severity or mortality due to COVID-19. 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M.</au><aucorp>on behalf of the IMMUNOCOVID Study Group</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Severity of COVID-19 Affects the Plasma Soluble Levels of the Immune Checkpoint HLA-G Molecule</atitle><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle><date>2022-08-27</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>9736</spage><pages>9736-</pages><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><eissn>1422-0067</eissn><abstract>The non-classical histocompatibility antigen G (HLA-G) is an immune checkpoint molecule that has been implicated in viral disorders. We evaluated the plasma soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in 239 individuals, arranged in COVID-19 patients (n = 189) followed up at home or in a hospital, and in healthy controls (n = 50). Increased levels of sHLA-G were observed in COVID-19 patients irrespective of the facility care, gender, age, and the presence of comorbidities. Compared with controls, the sHLA-G levels increased as far as disease severity progressed; however, the levels decreased in critically ill patients, suggesting an immune exhaustion phenomenon. Notably, sHLA-G exhibited a positive correlation with other mediators currently observed in the acute phase of the disease, including IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. Although sHLA-G levels may be associated with an acute biomarker of COVID-19, the increased levels alone were not associated with disease severity or mortality due to COVID-19. 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| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1422-0067 |
| ispartof | International journal of molecular sciences, 2022-08, Vol.23 (17), p.9736 |
| issn | 1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9456149 |
| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adaptive immunity Age Asymptomatic Body mass index Cardiovascular disease Comorbidity Coronaviruses COVID-19 Cytokines Cytotoxicity Diabetes Histocompatibility antigen HLA Hospitalization Hypertension Immune checkpoint Immune response Immune system Infections Interleukin 10 Interleukin 6 Interleukin 8 Laboratories Lymphocytes Neutrophils Patients Physiology Plasma Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Viral infections |
| title | The Severity of COVID-19 Affects the Plasma Soluble Levels of the Immune Checkpoint HLA-G Molecule |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-21T17%3A20%3A01IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Severity%20of%20COVID-19%20Affects%20the%20Plasma%20Soluble%20Levels%20of%20the%20Immune%20Checkpoint%20HLA-G%20Molecule&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20molecular%20sciences&rft.au=Cordeiro,%20J%C3%A9ssica%20F.%20C.&rft.aucorp=on%20behalf%20of%20the%20IMMUNOCOVID%20Study%20Group&rft.date=2022-08-27&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=9736&rft.pages=9736-&rft.issn=1422-0067&rft.eissn=1422-0067&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijms23179736&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2711390245%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2711390245&rft_id=info:pmid/36077133&rfr_iscdi=true |