Vaccine for Diabetes—Where Do We Stand?
Diabetes is an endocrinological disorder with a rapidly increasing number of patients globally. Over the last few years, the alarming status of diabetes has become a pivotal factor pertaining to morbidity and mortality among the youth as well as middle-aged people. Current developments in our unders...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2022-08, Vol.23 (16), p.9470 |
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| creator | Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar Bhandare, Richie R. Shaik, Afzal B. Prasad, Krishna Suhaimi, Nurfatihah Azlyna Ahmad Yap, Wei Sheng Das, Arpita Banerjee, Pradipta Ghosh, Nandini Guith, Tanner Das, Amitava Balakrishnan, Sarannya Candasamy, Mayuren Mayuren, Jayashree Palaniveloo, Kishneth Gupta, Gaurav Singh, Sachin Kumar Dua, Kamal |
| description | Diabetes is an endocrinological disorder with a rapidly increasing number of patients globally. Over the last few years, the alarming status of diabetes has become a pivotal factor pertaining to morbidity and mortality among the youth as well as middle-aged people. Current developments in our understanding related to autoimmune responses leading to diabetes have developed a cause for concern in the prospective usage of immunomodulatory agents to prevent diabetes. The mechanism of action of vaccines varies greatly, such as removing autoreactive T cells and inhibiting the interactions between immune cells. Currently, most developed diabetes vaccines have been tested in animal models, while only a few human trials have been completed with positive outcomes. In this review, we investigate the undergoing clinical trial studies for the development of a prototype diabetes vaccine. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms23169470 |
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Over the last few years, the alarming status of diabetes has become a pivotal factor pertaining to morbidity and mortality among the youth as well as middle-aged people. Current developments in our understanding related to autoimmune responses leading to diabetes have developed a cause for concern in the prospective usage of immunomodulatory agents to prevent diabetes. The mechanism of action of vaccines varies greatly, such as removing autoreactive T cells and inhibiting the interactions between immune cells. Currently, most developed diabetes vaccines have been tested in animal models, while only a few human trials have been completed with positive outcomes. In this review, we investigate the undergoing clinical trial studies for the development of a prototype diabetes vaccine.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169470</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36012735</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animal models ; Antigens ; Apoptosis ; Chronic illnesses ; Clinical trials ; Cytokines ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Disease prevention ; Family medical history ; Immune system ; Immunomodulation ; Insulin resistance ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes T ; Medical research ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Pathogens ; Peptides ; Review ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Vaccines</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2022-08, Vol.23 (16), p.9470</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 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| ispartof | International journal of molecular sciences, 2022-08, Vol.23 (16), p.9470 |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Animal models Antigens Apoptosis Chronic illnesses Clinical trials Cytokines Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Disease prevention Family medical history Immune system Immunomodulation Insulin resistance Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Medical research Morbidity Mortality Pathogens Peptides Review Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Vaccines |
| title | Vaccine for Diabetes—Where Do We Stand? |
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