Does the Broaden-and-Build Theory Explain Reduction in Social Disruption After a Brief Relaxation Intervention for Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing Treatment?

•A 5-week relaxation protocol resulted in greater reductions to social disruption.•Positive affect increased over time but this was not driven by group condition.•Increased positive affect correlated with decreased social disruption.•Change in positive affect did not drive change in social disruption. Women with breast cancer experience social disruption during and after treatment. Brief cognitive-behavioral (CBT) and relaxation (RT) interventions may improve social disruption by increasing positive affect. Using the Broaden-and-Build Theory as a framework, this study examined whether short-term CBT- and RT-related increases in positive affect mediate long-term reductions in social disruption in women with breast cancer undergoing treatment (N = 183). This secondary analysis used latent change score and growth models to test 6- and 12-month intervention effects on positive affect and social disruption, respectively; a parallel-process model assessed mediation. RT demonstrated larger reductions in social disruption across 12 months compared to CBT and a health education control. Six-month latent change in positive affect was significant but not driven by condition. There was a significant direct effect linking the latent slopes of positive affect and social disruption but meditation was not observed. These preliminary findings hint at the value of promoting positive affect and inform the development of brief behavioral interventions that aim to augment social functioning among women surviving breast cancer.