Gradient and Acceleration of Decline in Physical and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults: A Disparity Analysis
Substantive previous work has shown that both gait speed and global cognition decline as people age. Rates of their decline, as opposed to cross-sectional measurements, could be more informative of future functional status and other clinical outcomes because they more accurately represent deteriorat...
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| creator | Ip, Edward H Chen, Shyh-Huei Rejeski, W Jack Bandeen-Roche, Karen Hayden, Kathleen M Hugenschmidt, Christina E Pierce, June Miller, Michael E Speiser, Jaime L Kritchevsky, Stephen B Houston, Denise K Newton, Robert L Rapp, Stephen R Kitzman, Dalane W |
| description | Substantive previous work has shown that both gait speed and global cognition decline as people age. Rates of their decline, as opposed to cross-sectional measurements, could be more informative of future functional status and other clinical outcomes because they more accurately represent deteriorating systems. Additionally, understanding the sex and racial disparity in the speed of deterioration, if any, is also important as ethnic minorities are at an increased risk of mobility disability and dementia.
Data from 2 large longitudinal intervention studies were integrated. Rates of decline were derived from individual-level measures of gait speed of 400-m walk and scores on the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MSE). We also assessed age-associated declines and accelerations in changes across the ages represented in the studies (age range 53-90).
The mean rate of decline in 400-m gait speed across individuals was 0.03 m/s per year, and multivariable analysis showed a significant acceleration in decline of -0.0013 m/s/y2 (p < .001). Both race and sex moderated the rate of decline. For global cognition, the mean rate of decline was 0.05 of a point per year on the 3MSE scale, and acceleration in the rate of decline was significant (-0.017 point/y2, p < .001), but neither sex nor race moderated the decline.
Rate of decline in physical but not cognitive function appears moderated by sex and race. This finding, as well as rates and accelerations of decline estimated herein, could inform future intervention studies.
NCT00017953 (Look AHEAD); NCT01410097 (Look AHEAD ancillary); NCT00116194 (LIFE). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/gerona/glac109 |
| format | Article |
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Data from 2 large longitudinal intervention studies were integrated. Rates of decline were derived from individual-level measures of gait speed of 400-m walk and scores on the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MSE). We also assessed age-associated declines and accelerations in changes across the ages represented in the studies (age range 53-90).
The mean rate of decline in 400-m gait speed across individuals was 0.03 m/s per year, and multivariable analysis showed a significant acceleration in decline of -0.0013 m/s/y2 (p < .001). Both race and sex moderated the rate of decline. For global cognition, the mean rate of decline was 0.05 of a point per year on the 3MSE scale, and acceleration in the rate of decline was significant (-0.017 point/y2, p < .001), but neither sex nor race moderated the decline.
Rate of decline in physical but not cognitive function appears moderated by sex and race. This finding, as well as rates and accelerations of decline estimated herein, could inform future intervention studies.
NCT00017953 (Look AHEAD); NCT01410097 (Look AHEAD ancillary); NCT00116194 (LIFE).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1079-5006</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1758-535X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1758-535X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac109</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35562076</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Acceleration ; Age ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Clinical Studies as Topic ; Clinical trials ; Cognition ; Cognitive ability ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dementia ; Dementia disorders ; Gait ; Gerontology ; Health disparities ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Minority groups ; Older people ; Race ; Racial inequality ; Sex ; THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY: Medical Sciences ; Treatment outcomes ; Walking Speed</subject><ispartof>The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2022-08, Vol.77 (8), p.1603-1611</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><rights>Copyright Oxford University Press Aug 2022</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-a1a7e58c2f584de02b957820ba598ab877ad5864ed08a95fd731960ae4ae79f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7745-3513 ; 0000-0003-0679-8730 ; 0000-0003-3336-6781 ; 0000-0002-4811-4205</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,27905,27906,33755</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35562076$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Lipsitz, Lewis A</contributor><creatorcontrib>Ip, Edward H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shyh-Huei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rejeski, W Jack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bandeen-Roche, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayden, Kathleen M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hugenschmidt, Christina E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pierce, June</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, Michael E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Speiser, Jaime L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kritchevsky, Stephen B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Houston, Denise K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newton, Robert L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rapp, Stephen R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitzman, Dalane W</creatorcontrib><title>Gradient and Acceleration of Decline in Physical and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults: A Disparity Analysis</title><title>The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences</title><addtitle>J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci</addtitle><description>Substantive previous work has shown that both gait speed and global cognition decline as people age. Rates of their decline, as opposed to cross-sectional measurements, could be more informative of future functional status and other clinical outcomes because they more accurately represent deteriorating systems. Additionally, understanding the sex and racial disparity in the speed of deterioration, if any, is also important as ethnic minorities are at an increased risk of mobility disability and dementia.
Data from 2 large longitudinal intervention studies were integrated. Rates of decline were derived from individual-level measures of gait speed of 400-m walk and scores on the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MSE). We also assessed age-associated declines and accelerations in changes across the ages represented in the studies (age range 53-90).
The mean rate of decline in 400-m gait speed across individuals was 0.03 m/s per year, and multivariable analysis showed a significant acceleration in decline of -0.0013 m/s/y2 (p < .001). Both race and sex moderated the rate of decline. For global cognition, the mean rate of decline was 0.05 of a point per year on the 3MSE scale, and acceleration in the rate of decline was significant (-0.017 point/y2, p < .001), but neither sex nor race moderated the decline.
Rate of decline in physical but not cognitive function appears moderated by sex and race. This finding, as well as rates and accelerations of decline estimated herein, could inform future intervention studies.
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Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences</jtitle><addtitle>J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci</addtitle><date>2022-08-12</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>77</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1603</spage><epage>1611</epage><pages>1603-1611</pages><issn>1079-5006</issn><issn>1758-535X</issn><eissn>1758-535X</eissn><abstract>Substantive previous work has shown that both gait speed and global cognition decline as people age. Rates of their decline, as opposed to cross-sectional measurements, could be more informative of future functional status and other clinical outcomes because they more accurately represent deteriorating systems. Additionally, understanding the sex and racial disparity in the speed of deterioration, if any, is also important as ethnic minorities are at an increased risk of mobility disability and dementia.
Data from 2 large longitudinal intervention studies were integrated. Rates of decline were derived from individual-level measures of gait speed of 400-m walk and scores on the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MSE). We also assessed age-associated declines and accelerations in changes across the ages represented in the studies (age range 53-90).
The mean rate of decline in 400-m gait speed across individuals was 0.03 m/s per year, and multivariable analysis showed a significant acceleration in decline of -0.0013 m/s/y2 (p < .001). Both race and sex moderated the rate of decline. For global cognition, the mean rate of decline was 0.05 of a point per year on the 3MSE scale, and acceleration in the rate of decline was significant (-0.017 point/y2, p < .001), but neither sex nor race moderated the decline.
Rate of decline in physical but not cognitive function appears moderated by sex and race. This finding, as well as rates and accelerations of decline estimated herein, could inform future intervention studies.
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| subjects | Acceleration Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Clinical Studies as Topic Clinical trials Cognition Cognitive ability Cross-Sectional Studies Dementia Dementia disorders Gait Gerontology Health disparities Humans Middle Aged Minority groups Older people Race Racial inequality Sex THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY: Medical Sciences Treatment outcomes Walking Speed |
| title | Gradient and Acceleration of Decline in Physical and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults: A Disparity Analysis |
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