Comparison of Lateral and Crossed K-wires for Paediatric Supracondylar Fractures: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BackgroundSupracondylar elbow fractures occur most frequently in children aged five to seven years and have equal incidence in both genders. They are classified as flexion or extension type injuries with extension type being more common. We aimed to ascertain radiological stability with lateral and crossed wires in this study. We also identified any complications after operative management of these injuries.MethodsAs part of this retrospective cohort study, we identified all patients who presented with this injury from January 1, 2020, until February 28, 2022. Basic demographic data and type of operation were noted. Baumann angle (BA) and lateral capitellohumeral angle (LCHA) were measured intra-operatively and x-rays were done at the final clinic appointment. The mean of these angles in lateral and crossed wire groups was compared using paired sample t-test. Unpaired t-test was used to compare the means of both groups with normal values for these angles based on previous studies (BA=71.5±6.2 degrees, LCHA= 50.8±6 degrees).ResultsFifty patients were admitted during this period. Thirty-three patients had lateral wires and 17 had crossed wires for fixation. No significant change was noted in the mean BA and mean LCHA in both groups on x-rays done intra-operatively and final clinic follow-up (no loss of reduction). No significant difference was noted between BA and LCHA noted for both groups at the final clinic follow-up with previous studies outlining normal values for these angles. No cases of iatrogenic neurovascular injury were identified. Four patients (8%) were referred to physiotherapy due to stiffness.ConclusionBoth lateral and crossed wire configurations led to achievement of good radiological stability with BA and LCHA within normal limits. No loss of reduction was noted with both techniques and no risk of iatrogenic nerve injuries was noted in experienced hands.