Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations

E-cigarettes are often marketed as a safer alternative to combustible cigarettes. However, their health effects, especially those associated with long-term use, remain largely uncertain. We conducted an umbrella review of the cardiopulmonary and carcinogenic risks of e-cigarette use, distinguishing...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-07, Vol.19 (15), p.9054
Hauptverfasser: Travis, Nargiz, Knoll, Marie, Cadham, Christopher J, Cook, Steven, Warner, Kenneth E, Fleischer, Nancy L, Douglas, Clifford E, Sánchez-Romero, Luz María, Mistry, Ritesh, Meza, Rafael, Hirschtick, Jana L, Levy, David T
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container_issue 15
container_start_page 9054
container_title International journal of environmental research and public health
container_volume 19
creator Travis, Nargiz
Knoll, Marie
Cadham, Christopher J
Cook, Steven
Warner, Kenneth E
Fleischer, Nancy L
Douglas, Clifford E
Sánchez-Romero, Luz María
Mistry, Ritesh
Meza, Rafael
Hirschtick, Jana L
Levy, David T
description E-cigarettes are often marketed as a safer alternative to combustible cigarettes. However, their health effects, especially those associated with long-term use, remain largely uncertain. We conducted an umbrella review of the cardiopulmonary and carcinogenic risks of e-cigarette use, distinguishing between short-term and long-term health effects. The search for systematic reviews was conducted across four electronic databases through 25 January 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 quality appraisal tool. Seventeen systematic reviews, including five meta-analyses, were included in our umbrella review. There was a clear underreporting of e-cigarette devices and e-liquid types, e-cigarette and cigarette exposure, and the health and smoking status of study participants. Overall, the findings suggest that short-term use of e-cigarettes may be associated with acute cardiopulmonary risks, although to a lesser extent than cigarette use. Long-term e-cigarette use may have pulmonary/respiratory benefits in those who switch from chronic cigarette smoking, particularly in individuals with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Evidence on intermediate and long-term carcinogenic effects is lacking. This umbrella review underscores the urgent need for systematic reviews with better adherence to established reporting guidelines, consistent definitions of duration of e-cigarette use, a focus on newer devices, and accounting for the impacts of former or current smoking.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijerph19159054
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source MEDLINE; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Carcinogens
Cigarette Smoking
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Humans
Review
Systematic Reviews as Topic
Tobacco Products
Vaping
title Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations
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