Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhutan
Introduction. The transmission trend of SARS-CoV-2 is continuously evolving. Understanding the dynamics in different settings is crucial for any effective containment measures. We aimed to study the characteristics of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhutanese households by determining the tr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BioMed research international 2022-07, Vol.2022 (1), p.5644454-5644454 |
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| description | Introduction. The transmission trend of SARS-CoV-2 is continuously evolving. Understanding the dynamics in different settings is crucial for any effective containment measures. We aimed to study the characteristics of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhutanese households by determining the transmissibility within household contacts of confirmed COVID-19 index cases and their factors of infectivity. Methods. We conducted a retrospective observational study on household transmission in 306 household contacts of 93 COVID-19 positive index cases diagnosed from April 16, 2021, to June 30, 2021. A pro forma was used to collect data on the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical profile of all recruited individuals. Secondary attack rates (SAR) were calculated, and risk factors for transmission were estimated. Results. 180 of 306 household contacts developed secondary household transmission (SAR 58.8%; 95% CI: 53.2-64.2). The median age of household contacts was 22 years. The median household size was 4 (mean 4.3±2.199) members. Contacts exposed to adult index cases (aPR 1; 95% CI 1, 1.02, p=0.01) and vaccinated index cases (uPR 0.41, 95% CI 0.25, 0.66, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2022/5644454 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9286897</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A710569247</galeid><sourcerecordid>A710569247</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c340t-18795c08ba3cfc1b1e755c3465dc38a839e943ff098baecc8db9c75611ae2c53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU9LwzAchoMobkxvfoCCF0Gr-d_kIsyhThgIOryGLE23jC6Zzar47U3dUPRgDkng9_AkLy8AJwheIsTYFYYYXzFOKWV0D_QxQTTniKL97zshPXAc4xKmJRCHkh-CHmGCMkmKPrgchzbaRajLbNpoH1cuRhd8Fqrsefj0nI_CS44z57ObRbvR_ggcVLqO9nh3DsD07nY6GueTx_uH0XCSG0LhJkeikMxAMdPEVAbNkC0YSyPOSkOEFkRaSUlVQZkQa4woZ9IUjCOkLTaMDMD1VrtuZytbGus3ja7VunEr3XyooJ36PfFuoebhTUksuJBFEpztBE14bW3cqBTM2LrW3qbACnOJKOPkCz39gy5D2_iUrqOgwDLtP9Rc11Y5X4X0rumkalggyLjEtHNdbCnThBgbW31_GUHVFaa6wtSusISfb_GF86V-d__Tn2t4kCk</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2690829690</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhutan</title><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>Wiley Online Library Open Access</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Jatsho, Jimba ; Pelzom, Dorji ; Dorji, Sithar ; Pelzang, Thinley</creator><contributor>Angelillo, Italo F. ; Italo F Angelillo</contributor><creatorcontrib>Jatsho, Jimba ; Pelzom, Dorji ; Dorji, Sithar ; Pelzang, Thinley ; Angelillo, Italo F. ; Italo F Angelillo</creatorcontrib><description>Introduction. The transmission trend of SARS-CoV-2 is continuously evolving. Understanding the dynamics in different settings is crucial for any effective containment measures. We aimed to study the characteristics of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhutanese households by determining the transmissibility within household contacts of confirmed COVID-19 index cases and their factors of infectivity. Methods. We conducted a retrospective observational study on household transmission in 306 household contacts of 93 COVID-19 positive index cases diagnosed from April 16, 2021, to June 30, 2021. A pro forma was used to collect data on the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical profile of all recruited individuals. Secondary attack rates (SAR) were calculated, and risk factors for transmission were estimated. Results. 180 of 306 household contacts developed secondary household transmission (SAR 58.8%; 95% CI: 53.2-64.2). The median age of household contacts was 22 years. The median household size was 4 (mean 4.3±2.199) members. Contacts exposed to adult index cases (aPR 1; 95% CI 1, 1.02, p=0.01) and vaccinated index cases (uPR 0.41, 95% CI 0.25, 0.66, p<0.001) had a higher SAR and prevalence of secondary infections. Conclusions. Our findings suggest substantial evidence of secondary infections among household contacts, especially in the context of public health mandated lockdowns. Aggressive early contact tracing and case identification with subsequent case isolation from other household members remains a crucial step in preventing secondary transmission.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2022/5644454</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35845937</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Hindawi</publisher><subject>Asymptomatic ; Bhutan ; Contact tracing ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 vaccines ; Disease transmission ; Epidemics ; Epidemiology ; Ethics ; Families & family life ; Generalized linear models ; Health aspects ; Households ; Immunization ; Infections ; Infectivity ; Laboratories ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia ; Public health ; Quarantine ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Statistics ; Surveillance ; Variables</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2022-07, Vol.2022 (1), p.5644454-5644454</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2022 Jimba Jatsho et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 Jimba Jatsho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 Jimba Jatsho et al. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c340t-18795c08ba3cfc1b1e755c3465dc38a839e943ff098baecc8db9c75611ae2c53</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8396-6975</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9286897/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9286897/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27903,27904,53770,53772</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Angelillo, Italo F.</contributor><contributor>Italo F Angelillo</contributor><creatorcontrib>Jatsho, Jimba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelzom, Dorji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dorji, Sithar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelzang, Thinley</creatorcontrib><title>Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhutan</title><title>BioMed research international</title><description>Introduction. The transmission trend of SARS-CoV-2 is continuously evolving. Understanding the dynamics in different settings is crucial for any effective containment measures. We aimed to study the characteristics of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhutanese households by determining the transmissibility within household contacts of confirmed COVID-19 index cases and their factors of infectivity. Methods. We conducted a retrospective observational study on household transmission in 306 household contacts of 93 COVID-19 positive index cases diagnosed from April 16, 2021, to June 30, 2021. A pro forma was used to collect data on the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical profile of all recruited individuals. Secondary attack rates (SAR) were calculated, and risk factors for transmission were estimated. Results. 180 of 306 household contacts developed secondary household transmission (SAR 58.8%; 95% CI: 53.2-64.2). The median age of household contacts was 22 years. The median household size was 4 (mean 4.3±2.199) members. Contacts exposed to adult index cases (aPR 1; 95% CI 1, 1.02, p=0.01) and vaccinated index cases (uPR 0.41, 95% CI 0.25, 0.66, p<0.001) had a higher SAR and prevalence of secondary infections. Conclusions. Our findings suggest substantial evidence of secondary infections among household contacts, especially in the context of public health mandated lockdowns. Aggressive early contact tracing and case identification with subsequent case isolation from other household members remains a crucial step in preventing secondary transmission.</description><subject>Asymptomatic</subject><subject>Bhutan</subject><subject>Contact tracing</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 vaccines</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Ethics</subject><subject>Families & family life</subject><subject>Generalized linear models</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectivity</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Quarantine</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory 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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhutan</title><author>Jatsho, Jimba ; Pelzom, Dorji ; Dorji, Sithar ; Pelzang, Thinley</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c340t-18795c08ba3cfc1b1e755c3465dc38a839e943ff098baecc8db9c75611ae2c53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Asymptomatic</topic><topic>Bhutan</topic><topic>Contact tracing</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 vaccines</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Ethics</topic><topic>Families & family life</topic><topic>Generalized linear models</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectivity</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Public 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Jimba</au><au>Pelzom, Dorji</au><au>Dorji, Sithar</au><au>Pelzang, Thinley</au><au>Angelillo, Italo F.</au><au>Italo F Angelillo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhutan</atitle><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle><date>2022-07-08</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>2022</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>5644454</spage><epage>5644454</epage><pages>5644454-5644454</pages><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>Introduction. The transmission trend of SARS-CoV-2 is continuously evolving. Understanding the dynamics in different settings is crucial for any effective containment measures. We aimed to study the characteristics of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhutanese households by determining the transmissibility within household contacts of confirmed COVID-19 index cases and their factors of infectivity. Methods. We conducted a retrospective observational study on household transmission in 306 household contacts of 93 COVID-19 positive index cases diagnosed from April 16, 2021, to June 30, 2021. A pro forma was used to collect data on the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical profile of all recruited individuals. Secondary attack rates (SAR) were calculated, and risk factors for transmission were estimated. Results. 180 of 306 household contacts developed secondary household transmission (SAR 58.8%; 95% CI: 53.2-64.2). The median age of household contacts was 22 years. The median household size was 4 (mean 4.3±2.199) members. Contacts exposed to adult index cases (aPR 1; 95% CI 1, 1.02, p=0.01) and vaccinated index cases (uPR 0.41, 95% CI 0.25, 0.66, p<0.001) had a higher SAR and prevalence of secondary infections. Conclusions. Our findings suggest substantial evidence of secondary infections among household contacts, especially in the context of public health mandated lockdowns. Aggressive early contact tracing and case identification with subsequent case isolation from other household members remains a crucial step in preventing secondary transmission.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Hindawi</pub><pmid>35845937</pmid><doi>10.1155/2022/5644454</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-6975</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Asymptomatic Bhutan Contact tracing Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccines Disease transmission Epidemics Epidemiology Ethics Families & family life Generalized linear models Health aspects Households Immunization Infections Infectivity Laboratories Pandemics Pneumonia Public health Quarantine Risk analysis Risk factors Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Statistics Surveillance Variables |
| title | Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Bhutan |
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