Organic carbon concentrations in 3.5-billion-year-old lacustrine mudstones of Mars
The Sample Analysis at Mars instrument stepped combustion experiment on a Yellowknife Bay mudstone at Gale crater, Mars revealed the presence of organic carbon of Martian and meteoritic origins. The combustion experiment was designed to access refractory organic carbon in Mars surface sediments by h...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2022-07, Vol.119 (27), p.1-8 |
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| creator | Stern, Jennifer C. Malespin, Charles A. Eigenbrode, Jennifer L. Webster, Christopher R. Flesch, Greg Franz, Heather B. Graham, Heather V. House, Christopher H. Sutter, Brad Archer, Paul Douglas Hofmann, Amy E. McAdam, Amy C. Ming, Douglas W. Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael Steele, Andrew Freissinet, Caroline Mahaffy, Paul R. |
| description | The Sample Analysis at Mars instrument stepped combustion experiment on a Yellowknife Bay mudstone at Gale crater, Mars revealed the presence of organic carbon of Martian and meteoritic origins. The combustion experiment was designed to access refractory organic carbon in Mars surface sediments by heating samples in the presence of oxygen to combust carbon to CO₂. Four steps were performed, two at low temperatures (less than ∼550 °C) and two at high temperatures (up to ∼870 °C). More than 950 μg C/g was released at low temperatures (with an isotopic composition of δ13C = +1.5 ± 3.8) representing a minimum of 431 μg C/g indigenous organic and inorganic Martian carbon components. Above 550 °C, 273 ± 30 μg C/g was evolved as CO₂ and CO (with estimated δ13C = −32.9 to −10.1 for organic carbon). The source of high temperature organic carbon cannot be definitively confirmed by isotopic composition, which is consistent with macromolecular organic carbon of igneous origin, meteoritic infall, or diagenetically altered biomass, or a combination of these. If from allochthonous deposition, organic carbon could have supported both prebiotic organic chemistry and heterotrophic metabolism at Gale crater, Mars, at ∼3.5 Ga. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.2201139119 |
| format | Article |
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The combustion experiment was designed to access refractory organic carbon in Mars surface sediments by heating samples in the presence of oxygen to combust carbon to CO₂. Four steps were performed, two at low temperatures (less than ∼550 °C) and two at high temperatures (up to ∼870 °C). More than 950 μg C/g was released at low temperatures (with an isotopic composition of δ13C = +1.5 ± 3.8) representing a minimum of 431 μg C/g indigenous organic and inorganic Martian carbon components. Above 550 °C, 273 ± 30 μg C/g was evolved as CO₂ and CO (with estimated δ13C = −32.9 to −10.1 for organic carbon). The source of high temperature organic carbon cannot be definitively confirmed by isotopic composition, which is consistent with macromolecular organic carbon of igneous origin, meteoritic infall, or diagenetically altered biomass, or a combination of these. If from allochthonous deposition, organic carbon could have supported both prebiotic organic chemistry and heterotrophic metabolism at Gale crater, Mars, at ∼3.5 Ga.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201139119</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35759667</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: National Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Carbon ; Carbon dioxide ; Combustion ; Composition ; High temperature ; Isotopes ; Low temperature ; Macromolecules ; Mars craters ; Mars surface ; Mudstone ; Organic carbon ; Organic chemistry ; Physical Sciences ; Sciences of the Universe ; Sediments</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2022-07, Vol.119 (27), p.1-8</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2022 the Author(s)</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jul 5, 2022</rights><rights>Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). 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The combustion experiment was designed to access refractory organic carbon in Mars surface sediments by heating samples in the presence of oxygen to combust carbon to CO₂. Four steps were performed, two at low temperatures (less than ∼550 °C) and two at high temperatures (up to ∼870 °C). More than 950 μg C/g was released at low temperatures (with an isotopic composition of δ13C = +1.5 ± 3.8) representing a minimum of 431 μg C/g indigenous organic and inorganic Martian carbon components. Above 550 °C, 273 ± 30 μg C/g was evolved as CO₂ and CO (with estimated δ13C = −32.9 to −10.1 for organic carbon). The source of high temperature organic carbon cannot be definitively confirmed by isotopic composition, which is consistent with macromolecular organic carbon of igneous origin, meteoritic infall, or diagenetically altered biomass, or a combination of these. 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The combustion experiment was designed to access refractory organic carbon in Mars surface sediments by heating samples in the presence of oxygen to combust carbon to CO₂. Four steps were performed, two at low temperatures (less than ∼550 °C) and two at high temperatures (up to ∼870 °C). More than 950 μg C/g was released at low temperatures (with an isotopic composition of δ13C = +1.5 ± 3.8) representing a minimum of 431 μg C/g indigenous organic and inorganic Martian carbon components. Above 550 °C, 273 ± 30 μg C/g was evolved as CO₂ and CO (with estimated δ13C = −32.9 to −10.1 for organic carbon). The source of high temperature organic carbon cannot be definitively confirmed by isotopic composition, which is consistent with macromolecular organic carbon of igneous origin, meteoritic infall, or diagenetically altered biomass, or a combination of these. 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| subjects | Carbon Carbon dioxide Combustion Composition High temperature Isotopes Low temperature Macromolecules Mars craters Mars surface Mudstone Organic carbon Organic chemistry Physical Sciences Sciences of the Universe Sediments |
| title | Organic carbon concentrations in 3.5-billion-year-old lacustrine mudstones of Mars |
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