SARS-CoV-2 and Chlamydia pneumoniae co-infection: A review of the literature
•Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified in viral respiratory infections.•Co-infection between C. pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in the literature.•Information of co-infection in COVID-19 patients is scarce.•Evidence of co-infections is needed to support developing skills in anti...
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creator | Frutos, María Celia Origlia, Javier Vaulet, María Lucia Gallo Venuta, María Elena García, Miriam Gabriela Armitano, Rita Cipolla, Lucía Julia, Madariaga María Cuffini, Cecilia Cadario, María Estela |
description | •Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified in viral respiratory infections.•Co-infection between C. pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in the literature.•Information of co-infection in COVID-19 patients is scarce.•Evidence of co-infections is needed to support developing skills in antimicrobial policy.
Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified in viral respiratory infections and are important causes of morbid-mortality. The prevalence of Chlamydia (C.) pneumoniae infection in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 has not been sufficiently studied. The objective of the present review was to describe the prevalence of C. pneumoniae in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A search in MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases for English language literature published between January 2020 and August 2021 was performed. Studies evaluating patients with confirmed COVID-19 and reporting the simultaneous detection of C. pneumoniae were included. Eleven articles were included in the systematic review (5 case cross-sectional studies and 6 retrospective studies). A total of 18450 patients were included in the eleven studies. The detection of laboratory-confirmed C. pneumoniae infection varied between 1.78 and 71.4% of the total number of co-infections. The median age of patients ranged from 35 to 71 years old and 65% were male. Most of the studies reported one or more pre-existing comorbidities and the majority of the patients presented with fever, cough and dyspnea. Lymphopenia and eosinopenia were described in COVID-19 co-infected patients. The main chest CT scan showed a ground glass density shadow, consolidation and bilateral pneumonia. Most patients received empirical antibiotics. Bacterial co-infection was not associated with increased ICU admission and mortality. Despite frequent prescription of broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobials in patients with coronavirus 2-associated respiratory infections, there is a paucity of data to support the association with respiratory bacterial co-infection. Prospective evidence generation to support the development of an antimicrobial policy and appropriate stewardship interventions specific for the COVID-19 pandemic are urgently required.
Los patógenos bacterianos pueden detectarse en las infecciones respiratorias virales y son una causa importante de morbimortalidad. La prevalencia de Chlamydia pneumoniae en pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2 ha sido poco estudiada. El objetivo de la presente revisi |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ram.2022.05.009 |
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Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified in viral respiratory infections and are important causes of morbid-mortality. The prevalence of Chlamydia (C.) pneumoniae infection in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 has not been sufficiently studied. The objective of the present review was to describe the prevalence of C. pneumoniae in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A search in MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases for English language literature published between January 2020 and August 2021 was performed. Studies evaluating patients with confirmed COVID-19 and reporting the simultaneous detection of C. pneumoniae were included. Eleven articles were included in the systematic review (5 case cross-sectional studies and 6 retrospective studies). A total of 18450 patients were included in the eleven studies. The detection of laboratory-confirmed C. pneumoniae infection varied between 1.78 and 71.4% of the total number of co-infections. The median age of patients ranged from 35 to 71 years old and 65% were male. Most of the studies reported one or more pre-existing comorbidities and the majority of the patients presented with fever, cough and dyspnea. Lymphopenia and eosinopenia were described in COVID-19 co-infected patients. The main chest CT scan showed a ground glass density shadow, consolidation and bilateral pneumonia. Most patients received empirical antibiotics. Bacterial co-infection was not associated with increased ICU admission and mortality. Despite frequent prescription of broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobials in patients with coronavirus 2-associated respiratory infections, there is a paucity of data to support the association with respiratory bacterial co-infection. Prospective evidence generation to support the development of an antimicrobial policy and appropriate stewardship interventions specific for the COVID-19 pandemic are urgently required.
Los patógenos bacterianos pueden detectarse en las infecciones respiratorias virales y son una causa importante de morbimortalidad. La prevalencia de Chlamydia pneumoniae en pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2 ha sido poco estudiada. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue describir la prevalencia de C. pneumoniae en pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Medline y Google Académico, entre enero de 2020 y agosto de 2021. De la revisión surgieron 11 artículos (cinco estudios de casos transversales y seis estudios retrospectivos), que incluyeron un total de 18.450 pacientes. La detección de C. pneumoniae varió entre el 1,78 y 71,4% del total de las coinfecciones. La media de edad de los pacientes osciló entre los 35 y 71 años y el 65% fueron hombres. En la mayoría de los estudios se informaron comorbilidades preexistentes y la mayor parte de los pacientes presentó fiebre, tos y disnea. Además, se describió linfopenia y eosinofilopenia en pacientes con COVID-19 coinfectados. La principal manifestación en la tomografía computarizada fue densidad de vidrio esmerilado, consolidación y neumonía bilateral. La mayoría de los pacientes recibió antibióticos de manera empírica. La coinfección bacteriana no se asoció con un aumento de ingresos en cuidados intensivos ni mortalidad. A pesar de la prescripción de antimicrobianos empíricos en pacientes con infecciones respiratorias asociadas a coronavirus existen pocos reportes de detección de coinfección bacteriana. Es necesario generar evidencia para el desarrollo de políticas antimicrobianas e intervenciones de administración apropiadas y específicas en la pandemia de COVID-19.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0325-7541</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0325-7541</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2022.05.009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35931565</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier España, S.L.U</publisher><subject>Chlamydia pneumoniae ; Co-infection ; Coinfección ; COVID-19 ; Infección por SARS-CoV-2 ; SARS-CoV-2 infection ; Special</subject><ispartof>Revista argentina de microbiología, 2022-07, Vol.54 (3), p.247-257</ispartof><rights>2022 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología</rights><rights>2022 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. 2022 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-defe6f63745fc61c0cf540741e5211fddd427e94331455293e6b3034c45a1f9c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-defe6f63745fc61c0cf540741e5211fddd427e94331455293e6b3034c45a1f9c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Frutos, María Celia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Origlia, Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaulet, María Lucia Gallo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Venuta, María Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>García, Miriam Gabriela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Armitano, Rita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cipolla, Lucía</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Julia, Madariaga María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cuffini, Cecilia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cadario, María Estela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grupo de Trabajo Bacterias Atípicas, Sociedad Argentina de Bacteriología, Micología y Parasitología Clínicas (SADEBAC), División de la Asociación Argentina de Microbiología</creatorcontrib><title>SARS-CoV-2 and Chlamydia pneumoniae co-infection: A review of the literature</title><title>Revista argentina de microbiología</title><description>•Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified in viral respiratory infections.•Co-infection between C. pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in the literature.•Information of co-infection in COVID-19 patients is scarce.•Evidence of co-infections is needed to support developing skills in antimicrobial policy.
Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified in viral respiratory infections and are important causes of morbid-mortality. The prevalence of Chlamydia (C.) pneumoniae infection in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 has not been sufficiently studied. The objective of the present review was to describe the prevalence of C. pneumoniae in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A search in MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases for English language literature published between January 2020 and August 2021 was performed. Studies evaluating patients with confirmed COVID-19 and reporting the simultaneous detection of C. pneumoniae were included. Eleven articles were included in the systematic review (5 case cross-sectional studies and 6 retrospective studies). A total of 18450 patients were included in the eleven studies. The detection of laboratory-confirmed C. pneumoniae infection varied between 1.78 and 71.4% of the total number of co-infections. The median age of patients ranged from 35 to 71 years old and 65% were male. Most of the studies reported one or more pre-existing comorbidities and the majority of the patients presented with fever, cough and dyspnea. Lymphopenia and eosinopenia were described in COVID-19 co-infected patients. The main chest CT scan showed a ground glass density shadow, consolidation and bilateral pneumonia. Most patients received empirical antibiotics. Bacterial co-infection was not associated with increased ICU admission and mortality. Despite frequent prescription of broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobials in patients with coronavirus 2-associated respiratory infections, there is a paucity of data to support the association with respiratory bacterial co-infection. Prospective evidence generation to support the development of an antimicrobial policy and appropriate stewardship interventions specific for the COVID-19 pandemic are urgently required.
Los patógenos bacterianos pueden detectarse en las infecciones respiratorias virales y son una causa importante de morbimortalidad. La prevalencia de Chlamydia pneumoniae en pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2 ha sido poco estudiada. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue describir la prevalencia de C. pneumoniae en pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Medline y Google Académico, entre enero de 2020 y agosto de 2021. De la revisión surgieron 11 artículos (cinco estudios de casos transversales y seis estudios retrospectivos), que incluyeron un total de 18.450 pacientes. La detección de C. pneumoniae varió entre el 1,78 y 71,4% del total de las coinfecciones. La media de edad de los pacientes osciló entre los 35 y 71 años y el 65% fueron hombres. En la mayoría de los estudios se informaron comorbilidades preexistentes y la mayor parte de los pacientes presentó fiebre, tos y disnea. Además, se describió linfopenia y eosinofilopenia en pacientes con COVID-19 coinfectados. La principal manifestación en la tomografía computarizada fue densidad de vidrio esmerilado, consolidación y neumonía bilateral. La mayoría de los pacientes recibió antibióticos de manera empírica. La coinfección bacteriana no se asoció con un aumento de ingresos en cuidados intensivos ni mortalidad. A pesar de la prescripción de antimicrobianos empíricos en pacientes con infecciones respiratorias asociadas a coronavirus existen pocos reportes de detección de coinfección bacteriana. Es necesario generar evidencia para el desarrollo de políticas antimicrobianas e intervenciones de administración apropiadas y específicas en la pandemia de COVID-19.</description><subject>Chlamydia pneumoniae</subject><subject>Co-infection</subject><subject>Coinfección</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Infección por SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 infection</subject><subject>Special</subject><issn>0325-7541</issn><issn>0325-7541</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kV9LHDEUxUNRqrX9AH3Loy8z5u-MaUFYltYWFoSqfQ0xuXGzzCRrMrPit29kReqLT_fCvefcy-8g9JWSlhLanW3abMaWEcZaIltC1Ad0TDiTTS8FPfivP0KfStkQIojg_CM64lJxKjt5jFbXiz_XzTL9bRg20eHlejDjkwsGbyPMY4rBALapCdGDnUKK3_ACZ9gFeMTJ42kNeAgTZDPNGT6jQ2-GAl9e6gm6_fnjZvmrWV1d_l4uVo0V7HxqHHjofMd7Ib3tqCXWS0F6QUEySr1zTrAeVH2VCimZ4tDdccKFFdJQryw_QRd73-18N4KzEKdsBr3NYTT5SScT9NtJDGt9n3Za0XNVPavB6YtBTg8zlEmPoVgYBhMhzUWzTqm-Ema8rtL9qs2plAz-9Qwl-jkFvdE1Bf2cgiZS1xSq5vteAxVCRZV1sQGiBRdypahdCu-o_wHk6Y2J</recordid><startdate>20220701</startdate><enddate>20220701</enddate><creator>Frutos, María Celia</creator><creator>Origlia, Javier</creator><creator>Vaulet, María Lucia Gallo</creator><creator>Venuta, María Elena</creator><creator>García, Miriam Gabriela</creator><creator>Armitano, Rita</creator><creator>Cipolla, Lucía</creator><creator>Julia, Madariaga María</creator><creator>Cuffini, Cecilia</creator><creator>Cadario, María Estela</creator><general>Elsevier España, S.L.U</general><general>Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220701</creationdate><title>SARS-CoV-2 and Chlamydia pneumoniae co-infection: A review of the literature</title><author>Frutos, María Celia ; Origlia, Javier ; Vaulet, María Lucia Gallo ; Venuta, María Elena ; García, Miriam Gabriela ; Armitano, Rita ; Cipolla, Lucía ; Julia, Madariaga María ; Cuffini, Cecilia ; Cadario, María Estela</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-defe6f63745fc61c0cf540741e5211fddd427e94331455293e6b3034c45a1f9c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Chlamydia pneumoniae</topic><topic>Co-infection</topic><topic>Coinfección</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Infección por SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 infection</topic><topic>Special</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Frutos, María Celia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Origlia, Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaulet, María Lucia Gallo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Venuta, María Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>García, Miriam Gabriela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Armitano, Rita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cipolla, Lucía</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Julia, Madariaga María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cuffini, Cecilia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cadario, María Estela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grupo de Trabajo Bacterias Atípicas, Sociedad Argentina de Bacteriología, Micología y Parasitología Clínicas (SADEBAC), División de la Asociación Argentina de Microbiología</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Revista argentina de microbiología</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Frutos, María Celia</au><au>Origlia, Javier</au><au>Vaulet, María Lucia Gallo</au><au>Venuta, María Elena</au><au>García, Miriam Gabriela</au><au>Armitano, Rita</au><au>Cipolla, Lucía</au><au>Julia, Madariaga María</au><au>Cuffini, Cecilia</au><au>Cadario, María Estela</au><aucorp>Grupo de Trabajo Bacterias Atípicas, Sociedad Argentina de Bacteriología, Micología y Parasitología Clínicas (SADEBAC), División de la Asociación Argentina de Microbiología</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>SARS-CoV-2 and Chlamydia pneumoniae co-infection: A review of the literature</atitle><jtitle>Revista argentina de microbiología</jtitle><date>2022-07-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>247</spage><epage>257</epage><pages>247-257</pages><issn>0325-7541</issn><eissn>0325-7541</eissn><abstract>•Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified in viral respiratory infections.•Co-infection between C. pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in the literature.•Information of co-infection in COVID-19 patients is scarce.•Evidence of co-infections is needed to support developing skills in antimicrobial policy.
Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified in viral respiratory infections and are important causes of morbid-mortality. The prevalence of Chlamydia (C.) pneumoniae infection in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 has not been sufficiently studied. The objective of the present review was to describe the prevalence of C. pneumoniae in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A search in MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases for English language literature published between January 2020 and August 2021 was performed. Studies evaluating patients with confirmed COVID-19 and reporting the simultaneous detection of C. pneumoniae were included. Eleven articles were included in the systematic review (5 case cross-sectional studies and 6 retrospective studies). A total of 18450 patients were included in the eleven studies. The detection of laboratory-confirmed C. pneumoniae infection varied between 1.78 and 71.4% of the total number of co-infections. The median age of patients ranged from 35 to 71 years old and 65% were male. Most of the studies reported one or more pre-existing comorbidities and the majority of the patients presented with fever, cough and dyspnea. Lymphopenia and eosinopenia were described in COVID-19 co-infected patients. The main chest CT scan showed a ground glass density shadow, consolidation and bilateral pneumonia. Most patients received empirical antibiotics. Bacterial co-infection was not associated with increased ICU admission and mortality. Despite frequent prescription of broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobials in patients with coronavirus 2-associated respiratory infections, there is a paucity of data to support the association with respiratory bacterial co-infection. Prospective evidence generation to support the development of an antimicrobial policy and appropriate stewardship interventions specific for the COVID-19 pandemic are urgently required.
Los patógenos bacterianos pueden detectarse en las infecciones respiratorias virales y son una causa importante de morbimortalidad. La prevalencia de Chlamydia pneumoniae en pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2 ha sido poco estudiada. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue describir la prevalencia de C. pneumoniae en pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Medline y Google Académico, entre enero de 2020 y agosto de 2021. De la revisión surgieron 11 artículos (cinco estudios de casos transversales y seis estudios retrospectivos), que incluyeron un total de 18.450 pacientes. La detección de C. pneumoniae varió entre el 1,78 y 71,4% del total de las coinfecciones. La media de edad de los pacientes osciló entre los 35 y 71 años y el 65% fueron hombres. En la mayoría de los estudios se informaron comorbilidades preexistentes y la mayor parte de los pacientes presentó fiebre, tos y disnea. Además, se describió linfopenia y eosinofilopenia en pacientes con COVID-19 coinfectados. La principal manifestación en la tomografía computarizada fue densidad de vidrio esmerilado, consolidación y neumonía bilateral. La mayoría de los pacientes recibió antibióticos de manera empírica. La coinfección bacteriana no se asoció con un aumento de ingresos en cuidados intensivos ni mortalidad. A pesar de la prescripción de antimicrobianos empíricos en pacientes con infecciones respiratorias asociadas a coronavirus existen pocos reportes de detección de coinfección bacteriana. Es necesario generar evidencia para el desarrollo de políticas antimicrobianas e intervenciones de administración apropiadas y específicas en la pandemia de COVID-19.</abstract><pub>Elsevier España, S.L.U</pub><pmid>35931565</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ram.2022.05.009</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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title | SARS-CoV-2 and Chlamydia pneumoniae co-infection: A review of the literature |
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