DMA Investigation of the Factors Influencing the Glass Transition in 3D Printed Specimens of Shape Memory Recycled PET
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used worldwide for packing, and for this reason, it is the main material in plastic waste. The paper uses granules of recycled PET (R-PET) as raw material for producing filaments for 3D printing, subsequently used for printing the test specimens in different ways:...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2022-05, Vol.14 (11), p.2248 |
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| creator | Pricop, Bogdan Sava, Ștefan Dumitru Lohan, Nicoleta-Monica Bujoreanu, Leandru-Gheorghe |
| description | Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used worldwide for packing, and for this reason, it is the main material in plastic waste. The paper uses granules of recycled PET (R-PET) as raw material for producing filaments for 3D printing, subsequently used for printing the test specimens in different ways: longitudinally and at angles between 10° and 40° in this direction. Both the filaments and the printed specimens experience thermally driven shape memory effect (SME) since they have been able to recover their straight shape during heating, after being bent to a certain angle, at room temperature (RT). SME could be reproduced three times, in the case of printed specimens, and was investigated by cinematographic analysis. Then, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used, in R-PET granules, filaments and 3D printed specimens, to emphasize the existence of glass transition, which represents the governing mechanism of SME occurrence in thermoplastic polymers, as well as a recrystallization reaction. Subsequently, the paper investigated the 3D printed specimens by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) using a dual cantilever specimen holder. Temperature (DMA-TS) and isothermal scans (DMA-Izo) were performed, with the aim to discuss the variations of storage modulus and loss modulus with temperature and time, respectively. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym14112248 |
| format | Article |
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The paper uses granules of recycled PET (R-PET) as raw material for producing filaments for 3D printing, subsequently used for printing the test specimens in different ways: longitudinally and at angles between 10° and 40° in this direction. Both the filaments and the printed specimens experience thermally driven shape memory effect (SME) since they have been able to recover their straight shape during heating, after being bent to a certain angle, at room temperature (RT). SME could be reproduced three times, in the case of printed specimens, and was investigated by cinematographic analysis. Then, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used, in R-PET granules, filaments and 3D printed specimens, to emphasize the existence of glass transition, which represents the governing mechanism of SME occurrence in thermoplastic polymers, as well as a recrystallization reaction. Subsequently, the paper investigated the 3D printed specimens by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) using a dual cantilever specimen holder. Temperature (DMA-TS) and isothermal scans (DMA-Izo) were performed, with the aim to discuss the variations of storage modulus and loss modulus with temperature and time, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym14112248</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35683921</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>3-D printers ; Cinematography ; Cooling ; Dynamic mechanical analysis ; Filaments ; Gamma rays ; Glass transition ; Granular materials ; Investigations ; Loss modulus ; Polyethylene terephthalate ; Raw materials ; Recrystallization ; Recycling ; Room temperature ; Shape effects ; Shape memory ; Storage modulus ; Temperature ; Three dimensional printing</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2022-05, Vol.14 (11), p.2248</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Subsequently, the paper investigated the 3D printed specimens by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) using a dual cantilever specimen holder. Temperature (DMA-TS) and isothermal scans (DMA-Izo) were performed, with the aim to discuss the variations of storage modulus and loss modulus with temperature and time, respectively.</description><subject>3-D printers</subject><subject>Cinematography</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Dynamic mechanical analysis</subject><subject>Filaments</subject><subject>Gamma rays</subject><subject>Glass transition</subject><subject>Granular materials</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Loss modulus</subject><subject>Polyethylene terephthalate</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Recrystallization</subject><subject>Recycling</subject><subject>Room temperature</subject><subject>Shape effects</subject><subject>Shape memory</subject><subject>Storage modulus</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Three dimensional printing</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtLxDAUhYMoKqNLtxJw46aad9qNIL5BUXT2IZMmM5E2qUk7MP_eji_UwCXh3o_DPTkAHGB0QmmFTrvYrFrMMCaElRtglyBJC0YF2vz13gH7Ob-i8TAuBJbbYIdyUdKK4F2wvHw4h3dhaXPv57r3McDoYL-w8FqbPqY8Dl0z2GB8mH_0bxqdM5wmHbL_4H2A9BI-JR96W8OXzhrf2pDXOi8L3Vn4YNuYVvDZmpVpRuTparoHtpxust3_uidgen01vbgt7h9v7i7O7wtDBCoLJjiqZrVDVkrOS46QLOuy1oxIR5yUWnI347PKMWEwdaiuhTGOyIoxjgSlE3D2KdsNs9bWxoY-6UZ1ybc6rVTUXv2dBL9Q87hUFS4pHmsCjr8EUnwbxk9Src_GNo0ONg5ZESG5wJhLPKJH_9DXOKQwultTjFaYl2uq-KRMijkn636WwUitM1V_Mh35w98OfujvBOk7PcGdFQ</recordid><startdate>20220531</startdate><enddate>20220531</enddate><creator>Pricop, Bogdan</creator><creator>Sava, Ștefan Dumitru</creator><creator>Lohan, Nicoleta-Monica</creator><creator>Bujoreanu, Leandru-Gheorghe</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3078-6553</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-913X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5528-9177</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220531</creationdate><title>DMA Investigation of the Factors Influencing the Glass Transition in 3D Printed Specimens of Shape Memory Recycled PET</title><author>Pricop, Bogdan ; 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| source | PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | 3-D printers Cinematography Cooling Dynamic mechanical analysis Filaments Gamma rays Glass transition Granular materials Investigations Loss modulus Polyethylene terephthalate Raw materials Recrystallization Recycling Room temperature Shape effects Shape memory Storage modulus Temperature Three dimensional printing |
| title | DMA Investigation of the Factors Influencing the Glass Transition in 3D Printed Specimens of Shape Memory Recycled PET |
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