Ciliary muscle thickness in adults with Down syndrome
Purpose The relationship between ciliary muscle thickness (CMT), age and refractive error was investigated to determine if CMT, like other anterior ocular anatomy, differs in adults with Down syndrome (DS). Methods The CMT of 33 adults with DS was imaged using anterior segment optical coherence tomo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ophthalmic & physiological optics 2022-07, Vol.42 (4), p.897-903 |
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| creator | Anderson, Heather A. Bailey, Melissa D. Manny, Ruth E. Kao, Chiu‐Yen |
| description | Purpose
The relationship between ciliary muscle thickness (CMT), age and refractive error was investigated to determine if CMT, like other anterior ocular anatomy, differs in adults with Down syndrome (DS).
Methods
The CMT of 33 adults with DS was imaged using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Images from the right eye obtained 45 minutes after cycloplegia (1% tropicamide, 2.5% phenylephrine) were analysed to calculate thickness at 1, 2 and 3 mm posterior to the scleral spur (CMT1, CMT2, CMT3), maximum thickness (CMTMAX) and apical thickness (AT = CMT1 – CMT2). Spherical equivalent refractive error was determined by clinical refraction using both non‐dilated and dilated measures. Multivariate regression analysis evaluated the relationship between CMT and refractive error while controlling for subject age.
Results
Images were analysed from 26 subjects (mean age (SD) 29 years; mean refractive error (SD): −0.90 (5.03) D, range: −15.75 to +5.13D). Mean (SD) CMT decreased with posterior position (CMT1: 804 (83) μm; CMT2: 543 (131) μm; CMT3: 312 (100) μm). Mean (SD) CMTMAX and AT was 869 (57) μm and 260 (84) μm, respectively. There was a significant linear correlation indicating thinning CMT with increasing age for CMT1 and CMT2 (p ≤0.05). CMT2 and CMT3 had a significant negative correlation (thicker muscle with increasing myopic refractive error) (p ≤0.01). AT had a significant positive correlation (thicker muscle with increasing hyperopic refractive error) (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/opo.12974 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9177740</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2640048160</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4434-93de740ce77883fe9e5c585cccdf97f2c064556e47d5ace831890dfc4fc0a693</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kU9LwzAYh4Mobk4PfgEpeNHDtqRJmuYiyPwLwjzsHmr61mW2yWxax769mZ1DBXNJIA9Pfm9-CJ0SPCJhjd3SjUgsBdtDfcIEHxJK6D7q4zicOcNpDx15v8AYCyHSQ9SjPJaxlLKP-MSUJqvXUdV6XULUzI1-s-B9ZGyU5W3Z-Ghlmnl041Y28mub166CY3RQZKWHk-0-QLO729nkYfg0vX-cXD8NNWOUDSXNQTCsIbya0gIkcM1TrrXOCymKWOOEcZ4AEznPNKSUpBLnhWaFxlki6QBdddpl-1JBrsE2dVaqZW2qEFm5zKjfN9bM1av7UJKEQRkOgoutoHbvLfhGVcZrKMvMgmu9ihOGMUtJskHP_6AL19Y2TBcoQWMeU8YDddlRunbe11DswhCsNl2o0IX66iKwZz_T78jvzw_AuANWpoT1_yY1fZ52yk8VepOs</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2673252345</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Ciliary muscle thickness in adults with Down syndrome</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Anderson, Heather A. ; Bailey, Melissa D. ; Manny, Ruth E. ; Kao, Chiu‐Yen</creator><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Heather A. ; Bailey, Melissa D. ; Manny, Ruth E. ; Kao, Chiu‐Yen</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
The relationship between ciliary muscle thickness (CMT), age and refractive error was investigated to determine if CMT, like other anterior ocular anatomy, differs in adults with Down syndrome (DS).
Methods
The CMT of 33 adults with DS was imaged using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Images from the right eye obtained 45 minutes after cycloplegia (1% tropicamide, 2.5% phenylephrine) were analysed to calculate thickness at 1, 2 and 3 mm posterior to the scleral spur (CMT1, CMT2, CMT3), maximum thickness (CMTMAX) and apical thickness (AT = CMT1 – CMT2). Spherical equivalent refractive error was determined by clinical refraction using both non‐dilated and dilated measures. Multivariate regression analysis evaluated the relationship between CMT and refractive error while controlling for subject age.
Results
Images were analysed from 26 subjects (mean age (SD) 29 years; mean refractive error (SD): −0.90 (5.03) D, range: −15.75 to +5.13D). Mean (SD) CMT decreased with posterior position (CMT1: 804 (83) μm; CMT2: 543 (131) μm; CMT3: 312 (100) μm). Mean (SD) CMTMAX and AT was 869 (57) μm and 260 (84) μm, respectively. There was a significant linear correlation indicating thinning CMT with increasing age for CMT1 and CMT2 (p ≤0.05). CMT2 and CMT3 had a significant negative correlation (thicker muscle with increasing myopic refractive error) (p ≤0.01). AT had a significant positive correlation (thicker muscle with increasing hyperopic refractive error) (p <0.01).
Conclusions
Ciliary muscle thickness in participants with DS was found to be in a similar range with similar refractive error trends to previous reports of individuals without DS. However, it is important to note that the refractive error trends were driven by individuals with moderate to high levels of myopia.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0275-5408</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-1313</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/opo.12974</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35292999</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>accommodation ; Adult ; Age ; Ciliary Body - diagnostic imaging ; ciliary muscle ; Down syndrome ; Down Syndrome - complications ; Down's syndrome ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myopia ; Myopia - diagnosis ; ocular biometry ; Phenylephrine ; refractive error ; Refractive Errors ; Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods ; Trends</subject><ispartof>Ophthalmic & physiological optics, 2022-07, Vol.42 (4), p.897-903</ispartof><rights>2022 College of Optometrists.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 The College of Optometrists</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4434-93de740ce77883fe9e5c585cccdf97f2c064556e47d5ace831890dfc4fc0a693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4434-93de740ce77883fe9e5c585cccdf97f2c064556e47d5ace831890dfc4fc0a693</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5172-5664</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fopo.12974$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fopo.12974$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35292999$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Heather A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bailey, Melissa D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manny, Ruth E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kao, Chiu‐Yen</creatorcontrib><title>Ciliary muscle thickness in adults with Down syndrome</title><title>Ophthalmic & physiological optics</title><addtitle>Ophthalmic Physiol Opt</addtitle><description>Purpose
The relationship between ciliary muscle thickness (CMT), age and refractive error was investigated to determine if CMT, like other anterior ocular anatomy, differs in adults with Down syndrome (DS).
Methods
The CMT of 33 adults with DS was imaged using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Images from the right eye obtained 45 minutes after cycloplegia (1% tropicamide, 2.5% phenylephrine) were analysed to calculate thickness at 1, 2 and 3 mm posterior to the scleral spur (CMT1, CMT2, CMT3), maximum thickness (CMTMAX) and apical thickness (AT = CMT1 – CMT2). Spherical equivalent refractive error was determined by clinical refraction using both non‐dilated and dilated measures. Multivariate regression analysis evaluated the relationship between CMT and refractive error while controlling for subject age.
Results
Images were analysed from 26 subjects (mean age (SD) 29 years; mean refractive error (SD): −0.90 (5.03) D, range: −15.75 to +5.13D). Mean (SD) CMT decreased with posterior position (CMT1: 804 (83) μm; CMT2: 543 (131) μm; CMT3: 312 (100) μm). Mean (SD) CMTMAX and AT was 869 (57) μm and 260 (84) μm, respectively. There was a significant linear correlation indicating thinning CMT with increasing age for CMT1 and CMT2 (p ≤0.05). CMT2 and CMT3 had a significant negative correlation (thicker muscle with increasing myopic refractive error) (p ≤0.01). AT had a significant positive correlation (thicker muscle with increasing hyperopic refractive error) (p <0.01).
Conclusions
Ciliary muscle thickness in participants with DS was found to be in a similar range with similar refractive error trends to previous reports of individuals without DS. However, it is important to note that the refractive error trends were driven by individuals with moderate to high levels of myopia.</description><subject>accommodation</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Ciliary Body - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>ciliary muscle</subject><subject>Down syndrome</subject><subject>Down Syndrome - complications</subject><subject>Down's syndrome</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Muscle, Smooth</subject><subject>Myopia</subject><subject>Myopia - diagnosis</subject><subject>ocular biometry</subject><subject>Phenylephrine</subject><subject>refractive error</subject><subject>Refractive Errors</subject><subject>Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods</subject><subject>Trends</subject><issn>0275-5408</issn><issn>1475-1313</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU9LwzAYh4Mobk4PfgEpeNHDtqRJmuYiyPwLwjzsHmr61mW2yWxax769mZ1DBXNJIA9Pfm9-CJ0SPCJhjd3SjUgsBdtDfcIEHxJK6D7q4zicOcNpDx15v8AYCyHSQ9SjPJaxlLKP-MSUJqvXUdV6XULUzI1-s-B9ZGyU5W3Z-Ghlmnl041Y28mub166CY3RQZKWHk-0-QLO729nkYfg0vX-cXD8NNWOUDSXNQTCsIbya0gIkcM1TrrXOCymKWOOEcZ4AEznPNKSUpBLnhWaFxlki6QBdddpl-1JBrsE2dVaqZW2qEFm5zKjfN9bM1av7UJKEQRkOgoutoHbvLfhGVcZrKMvMgmu9ihOGMUtJskHP_6AL19Y2TBcoQWMeU8YDddlRunbe11DswhCsNl2o0IX66iKwZz_T78jvzw_AuANWpoT1_yY1fZ52yk8VepOs</recordid><startdate>202207</startdate><enddate>202207</enddate><creator>Anderson, Heather A.</creator><creator>Bailey, Melissa D.</creator><creator>Manny, Ruth E.</creator><creator>Kao, Chiu‐Yen</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-5664</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202207</creationdate><title>Ciliary muscle thickness in adults with Down syndrome</title><author>Anderson, Heather A. ; Bailey, Melissa D. ; Manny, Ruth E. ; Kao, Chiu‐Yen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4434-93de740ce77883fe9e5c585cccdf97f2c064556e47d5ace831890dfc4fc0a693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>accommodation</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Ciliary Body - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>ciliary muscle</topic><topic>Down syndrome</topic><topic>Down Syndrome - complications</topic><topic>Down's syndrome</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Muscle, Smooth</topic><topic>Myopia</topic><topic>Myopia - diagnosis</topic><topic>ocular biometry</topic><topic>Phenylephrine</topic><topic>refractive error</topic><topic>Refractive Errors</topic><topic>Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods</topic><topic>Trends</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Heather A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bailey, Melissa D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manny, Ruth E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kao, Chiu‐Yen</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Ophthalmic & physiological optics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Anderson, Heather A.</au><au>Bailey, Melissa D.</au><au>Manny, Ruth E.</au><au>Kao, Chiu‐Yen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ciliary muscle thickness in adults with Down syndrome</atitle><jtitle>Ophthalmic & physiological optics</jtitle><addtitle>Ophthalmic Physiol Opt</addtitle><date>2022-07</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>897</spage><epage>903</epage><pages>897-903</pages><issn>0275-5408</issn><eissn>1475-1313</eissn><abstract>Purpose
The relationship between ciliary muscle thickness (CMT), age and refractive error was investigated to determine if CMT, like other anterior ocular anatomy, differs in adults with Down syndrome (DS).
Methods
The CMT of 33 adults with DS was imaged using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Images from the right eye obtained 45 minutes after cycloplegia (1% tropicamide, 2.5% phenylephrine) were analysed to calculate thickness at 1, 2 and 3 mm posterior to the scleral spur (CMT1, CMT2, CMT3), maximum thickness (CMTMAX) and apical thickness (AT = CMT1 – CMT2). Spherical equivalent refractive error was determined by clinical refraction using both non‐dilated and dilated measures. Multivariate regression analysis evaluated the relationship between CMT and refractive error while controlling for subject age.
Results
Images were analysed from 26 subjects (mean age (SD) 29 years; mean refractive error (SD): −0.90 (5.03) D, range: −15.75 to +5.13D). Mean (SD) CMT decreased with posterior position (CMT1: 804 (83) μm; CMT2: 543 (131) μm; CMT3: 312 (100) μm). Mean (SD) CMTMAX and AT was 869 (57) μm and 260 (84) μm, respectively. There was a significant linear correlation indicating thinning CMT with increasing age for CMT1 and CMT2 (p ≤0.05). CMT2 and CMT3 had a significant negative correlation (thicker muscle with increasing myopic refractive error) (p ≤0.01). AT had a significant positive correlation (thicker muscle with increasing hyperopic refractive error) (p <0.01).
Conclusions
Ciliary muscle thickness in participants with DS was found to be in a similar range with similar refractive error trends to previous reports of individuals without DS. However, it is important to note that the refractive error trends were driven by individuals with moderate to high levels of myopia.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>35292999</pmid><doi>10.1111/opo.12974</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-5664</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | accommodation Adult Age Ciliary Body - diagnostic imaging ciliary muscle Down syndrome Down Syndrome - complications Down's syndrome Humans Muscle, Smooth Myopia Myopia - diagnosis ocular biometry Phenylephrine refractive error Refractive Errors Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods Trends |
| title | Ciliary muscle thickness in adults with Down syndrome |
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