Measuring the Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring in a Pediatric Population in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Introduction Measurement of glucose levels is the mainstay method of ensuring good glycemic control and preventing complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring enables easy and effective monitoring of interstitial glucose around the clock and hence improves glyc...
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| creator | Alharbi, Mohammed Y. Albunyan, Abdulhameed Al Nahari, Ahmad Al Azmi, Fayez Alenazi, Badi Al Harbi, Tayba Al Malki, Matar Al Ahmadi, Husam |
| description | Introduction
Measurement of glucose levels is the mainstay method of ensuring good glycemic control and preventing complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring enables easy and effective monitoring of interstitial glucose around the clock and hence improves glycemic control.
Objectives
This study aimed to measure the effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 3, 6, and 9 months following sensor insertion.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of pediatric and adolescent type 1 diabetes mellitus patients randomly sampled from 32 Ministry of Health diabetes centers across Saudi Arabia was performed. Patients were subjected to flash glucose monitoring using the FreeStyle
®
Libre flash glucose monitoring system (Abbott Diabetes Care, Witney, UK), an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring device approved by the Conformité Européenne in 2014. These patients were first-time users of any kind of continuous glucose monitoring system, aged 4–18 years, and received insulin via multiple dose injection or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for at least 6 months prior to study start. Patients were excluded if they had used flash glucose monitoring or other interstitial glucose monitoring systems in the past 3 months, were pregnant, or had existing hemoglobinopathies. The flash glucose monitoring sensor was attached to the back of the upper arm at the baseline visit. HbA1c (%) was measured at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months. Patient demographics were collected from electronic health records.
Results
1,307 patients were included, with a mean age of 11.1 years (standard deviation 3.6 years). Where specified, 51.4% were female. Mean HbA1c significantly reduced from baseline (10.8%) to 3 months (9.8%,
p
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s13300-022-01224-0 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9174401</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A706381017</galeid><sourcerecordid>A706381017</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-d6fa0e374efbb9de8fb7bf670c03ee25fb60a063dfe22574c5170fe2ecab8cf63</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9Uk1v1DAUjBCIVqV_oAdkiQuXFH8kTswBabWiH1IrKkrPluM877pK7GA7Ff339XbL0iKEffCT38xY8zxFcUTwMcG4-RQJYxiXmNISE0qrEr8q9knLRckFJ693dc32isMYb3FeTAhByNtij9VVRQRj-8WvS1BxDtatUFoDOh8npRPyBp0MKq7R6TBrHwFdemeTf4RZhxS6gt6qFKxGV36aB5Wsd5vOtZp7ixZBdVZ9Rgv0HVLwcQKd7B2gpV_7kNB1mvv7d8Ubo4YIh0_nQXFz8vXH8qy8-HZ6vlxclLquSCp7bhQG1lRguk700Jqu6QxvsMYMgNam41hhznoDlNZNpWvS4FyDVl2rDWcHxZet7jR3I_QaXApqkFOwowr30isrX3acXcuVv5OCNFWFSRb4-CQQ_M8ZYpKjjRqGQTnwc5SU17TljAuRoR_-gt76ObhsT1LBWsIEqZ6hVmoAaZ3x-V29EZWLJltpCSZNRh3_A5V3D6PV3oGx-f4FgW4JOk88BjA7jwTLTWTkNjIyR0Y-RkbiTHr_fDo7yu-AZADbAuK0-X0Ifyz9R_YBNKPMaw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2938139149</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Measuring the Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring in a Pediatric Population in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study</title><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</source><creator>Alharbi, Mohammed Y. ; Albunyan, Abdulhameed ; Al Nahari, Ahmad ; Al Azmi, Fayez ; Alenazi, Badi ; Al Harbi, Tayba ; Al Malki, Matar ; Al Ahmadi, Husam</creator><creatorcontrib>Alharbi, Mohammed Y. ; Albunyan, Abdulhameed ; Al Nahari, Ahmad ; Al Azmi, Fayez ; Alenazi, Badi ; Al Harbi, Tayba ; Al Malki, Matar ; Al Ahmadi, Husam</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[Introduction
Measurement of glucose levels is the mainstay method of ensuring good glycemic control and preventing complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring enables easy and effective monitoring of interstitial glucose around the clock and hence improves glycemic control.
Objectives
This study aimed to measure the effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 3, 6, and 9 months following sensor insertion.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of pediatric and adolescent type 1 diabetes mellitus patients randomly sampled from 32 Ministry of Health diabetes centers across Saudi Arabia was performed. Patients were subjected to flash glucose monitoring using the FreeStyle
®
Libre flash glucose monitoring system (Abbott Diabetes Care, Witney, UK), an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring device approved by the Conformité Européenne in 2014. These patients were first-time users of any kind of continuous glucose monitoring system, aged 4–18 years, and received insulin via multiple dose injection or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for at least 6 months prior to study start. Patients were excluded if they had used flash glucose monitoring or other interstitial glucose monitoring systems in the past 3 months, were pregnant, or had existing hemoglobinopathies. The flash glucose monitoring sensor was attached to the back of the upper arm at the baseline visit. HbA1c (%) was measured at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months. Patient demographics were collected from electronic health records.
Results
1,307 patients were included, with a mean age of 11.1 years (standard deviation 3.6 years). Where specified, 51.4% were female. Mean HbA1c significantly reduced from baseline (10.8%) to 3 months (9.8%,
p
< 0.001), 6 months (9.2%,
p
< 0.001), and 9 months (9.1%,
p
< 0.001). For individuals with baseline HbA1c > 9%, mean HbA1c was significantly reduced from baseline (11.7%) to 3 months (10.3%,
p
< 0.001), 6 months (9.6%,
p
< 0.001), and 9 months (9.5%,
p
< 0.001).
Conclusions
Flash glucose monitoring significantly reduced HbA1c levels at 3, 6, and 9 months following sensor insertion. This reduction was greatest in those patients with higher HbA1c at baseline (> 9%).]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1869-6953</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1869-6961</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01224-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35441933</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cheshire: Springer Healthcare</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Blood sugar monitoring ; Cardiology ; Care and treatment ; Children ; Cohort analysis ; Complications and side effects ; Diabetes ; Electronic records ; Endocrinology ; Glucose monitoring ; Health aspects ; Insulin ; Internal Medicine ; Medical records ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Monitoring systems ; Original Research ; Pediatrics ; Sensors</subject><ispartof>Diabetes therapy, 2022-06, Vol.13 (6), p.1139-1146</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s).</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Springer</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-d6fa0e374efbb9de8fb7bf670c03ee25fb60a063dfe22574c5170fe2ecab8cf63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-d6fa0e374efbb9de8fb7bf670c03ee25fb60a063dfe22574c5170fe2ecab8cf63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9174401/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9174401/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,41096,42165,51551,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35441933$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alharbi, Mohammed Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albunyan, Abdulhameed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Nahari, Ahmad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Azmi, Fayez</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alenazi, Badi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Harbi, Tayba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Malki, Matar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Ahmadi, Husam</creatorcontrib><title>Measuring the Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring in a Pediatric Population in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study</title><title>Diabetes therapy</title><addtitle>Diabetes Ther</addtitle><addtitle>Diabetes Ther</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Introduction
Measurement of glucose levels is the mainstay method of ensuring good glycemic control and preventing complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring enables easy and effective monitoring of interstitial glucose around the clock and hence improves glycemic control.
Objectives
This study aimed to measure the effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 3, 6, and 9 months following sensor insertion.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of pediatric and adolescent type 1 diabetes mellitus patients randomly sampled from 32 Ministry of Health diabetes centers across Saudi Arabia was performed. Patients were subjected to flash glucose monitoring using the FreeStyle
®
Libre flash glucose monitoring system (Abbott Diabetes Care, Witney, UK), an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring device approved by the Conformité Européenne in 2014. These patients were first-time users of any kind of continuous glucose monitoring system, aged 4–18 years, and received insulin via multiple dose injection or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for at least 6 months prior to study start. Patients were excluded if they had used flash glucose monitoring or other interstitial glucose monitoring systems in the past 3 months, were pregnant, or had existing hemoglobinopathies. The flash glucose monitoring sensor was attached to the back of the upper arm at the baseline visit. HbA1c (%) was measured at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months. Patient demographics were collected from electronic health records.
Results
1,307 patients were included, with a mean age of 11.1 years (standard deviation 3.6 years). Where specified, 51.4% were female. Mean HbA1c significantly reduced from baseline (10.8%) to 3 months (9.8%,
p
< 0.001), 6 months (9.2%,
p
< 0.001), and 9 months (9.1%,
p
< 0.001). For individuals with baseline HbA1c > 9%, mean HbA1c was significantly reduced from baseline (11.7%) to 3 months (10.3%,
p
< 0.001), 6 months (9.6%,
p
< 0.001), and 9 months (9.5%,
p
< 0.001).
Conclusions
Flash glucose monitoring significantly reduced HbA1c levels at 3, 6, and 9 months following sensor insertion. This reduction was greatest in those patients with higher HbA1c at baseline (> 9%).]]></description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Blood sugar monitoring</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Electronic records</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Glucose monitoring</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Medical records</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Monitoring systems</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><issn>1869-6953</issn><issn>1869-6961</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9Uk1v1DAUjBCIVqV_oAdkiQuXFH8kTswBabWiH1IrKkrPluM877pK7GA7Ff339XbL0iKEffCT38xY8zxFcUTwMcG4-RQJYxiXmNISE0qrEr8q9knLRckFJ693dc32isMYb3FeTAhByNtij9VVRQRj-8WvS1BxDtatUFoDOh8npRPyBp0MKq7R6TBrHwFdemeTf4RZhxS6gt6qFKxGV36aB5Wsd5vOtZp7ixZBdVZ9Rgv0HVLwcQKd7B2gpV_7kNB1mvv7d8Ubo4YIh0_nQXFz8vXH8qy8-HZ6vlxclLquSCp7bhQG1lRguk700Jqu6QxvsMYMgNam41hhznoDlNZNpWvS4FyDVl2rDWcHxZet7jR3I_QaXApqkFOwowr30isrX3acXcuVv5OCNFWFSRb4-CQQ_M8ZYpKjjRqGQTnwc5SU17TljAuRoR_-gt76ObhsT1LBWsIEqZ6hVmoAaZ3x-V29EZWLJltpCSZNRh3_A5V3D6PV3oGx-f4FgW4JOk88BjA7jwTLTWTkNjIyR0Y-RkbiTHr_fDo7yu-AZADbAuK0-X0Ifyz9R_YBNKPMaw</recordid><startdate>20220601</startdate><enddate>20220601</enddate><creator>Alharbi, Mohammed Y.</creator><creator>Albunyan, Abdulhameed</creator><creator>Al Nahari, Ahmad</creator><creator>Al Azmi, Fayez</creator><creator>Alenazi, Badi</creator><creator>Al Harbi, Tayba</creator><creator>Al Malki, Matar</creator><creator>Al Ahmadi, Husam</creator><general>Springer Healthcare</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220601</creationdate><title>Measuring the Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring in a Pediatric Population in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study</title><author>Alharbi, Mohammed Y. ; Albunyan, Abdulhameed ; Al Nahari, Ahmad ; Al Azmi, Fayez ; Alenazi, Badi ; Al Harbi, Tayba ; Al Malki, Matar ; Al Ahmadi, Husam</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-d6fa0e374efbb9de8fb7bf670c03ee25fb60a063dfe22574c5170fe2ecab8cf63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Blood sugar monitoring</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Complications and side effects</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Electronic records</topic><topic>Endocrinology</topic><topic>Glucose monitoring</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Medical records</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Monitoring systems</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alharbi, Mohammed Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albunyan, Abdulhameed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Nahari, Ahmad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Azmi, Fayez</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alenazi, Badi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Harbi, Tayba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Malki, Matar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Ahmadi, Husam</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Diabetes therapy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alharbi, Mohammed Y.</au><au>Albunyan, Abdulhameed</au><au>Al Nahari, Ahmad</au><au>Al Azmi, Fayez</au><au>Alenazi, Badi</au><au>Al Harbi, Tayba</au><au>Al Malki, Matar</au><au>Al Ahmadi, Husam</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Measuring the Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring in a Pediatric Population in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study</atitle><jtitle>Diabetes therapy</jtitle><stitle>Diabetes Ther</stitle><addtitle>Diabetes Ther</addtitle><date>2022-06-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1139</spage><epage>1146</epage><pages>1139-1146</pages><issn>1869-6953</issn><eissn>1869-6961</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Introduction
Measurement of glucose levels is the mainstay method of ensuring good glycemic control and preventing complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring enables easy and effective monitoring of interstitial glucose around the clock and hence improves glycemic control.
Objectives
This study aimed to measure the effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 3, 6, and 9 months following sensor insertion.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of pediatric and adolescent type 1 diabetes mellitus patients randomly sampled from 32 Ministry of Health diabetes centers across Saudi Arabia was performed. Patients were subjected to flash glucose monitoring using the FreeStyle
®
Libre flash glucose monitoring system (Abbott Diabetes Care, Witney, UK), an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring device approved by the Conformité Européenne in 2014. These patients were first-time users of any kind of continuous glucose monitoring system, aged 4–18 years, and received insulin via multiple dose injection or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for at least 6 months prior to study start. Patients were excluded if they had used flash glucose monitoring or other interstitial glucose monitoring systems in the past 3 months, were pregnant, or had existing hemoglobinopathies. The flash glucose monitoring sensor was attached to the back of the upper arm at the baseline visit. HbA1c (%) was measured at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months. Patient demographics were collected from electronic health records.
Results
1,307 patients were included, with a mean age of 11.1 years (standard deviation 3.6 years). Where specified, 51.4% were female. Mean HbA1c significantly reduced from baseline (10.8%) to 3 months (9.8%,
p
< 0.001), 6 months (9.2%,
p
< 0.001), and 9 months (9.1%,
p
< 0.001). For individuals with baseline HbA1c > 9%, mean HbA1c was significantly reduced from baseline (11.7%) to 3 months (10.3%,
p
< 0.001), 6 months (9.6%,
p
< 0.001), and 9 months (9.5%,
p
< 0.001).
Conclusions
Flash glucose monitoring significantly reduced HbA1c levels at 3, 6, and 9 months following sensor insertion. This reduction was greatest in those patients with higher HbA1c at baseline (> 9%).]]></abstract><cop>Cheshire</cop><pub>Springer Healthcare</pub><pmid>35441933</pmid><doi>10.1007/s13300-022-01224-0</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Springer Nature OA Free Journals |
| subjects | Analysis Blood sugar monitoring Cardiology Care and treatment Children Cohort analysis Complications and side effects Diabetes Electronic records Endocrinology Glucose monitoring Health aspects Insulin Internal Medicine Medical records Medicine Medicine & Public Health Monitoring systems Original Research Pediatrics Sensors |
| title | Measuring the Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring in a Pediatric Population in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
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