Effects of Osteocyte Shape on Fluid Flow and Fluid Shear Stress of the Loaded Bone
This study was conducted to better understand the specific behavior of the intraosseous fluid flow. We calculated the number and distribution of bone canaliculi around the osteocytes based on the varying shapes of osteocytes. We then used these calculated parameters and other bone microstructure dat...
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| description | This study was conducted to better understand the specific behavior of the intraosseous fluid flow. We calculated the number and distribution of bone canaliculi around the osteocytes based on the varying shapes of osteocytes. We then used these calculated parameters and other bone microstructure data to estimate the anisotropy permeability of the lacunar-canalicular network. Poroelastic finite element models of the osteon were established, and the influence of the osteocyte shape on the fluid flow properties of osteons under an axial displacement load was analyzed. Two types of boundary conditions (BC) that might occur in physiological environments were considered on the cement line of the osteon. BC1 allows free fluid passage from the outer elastic restraint boundary, and BC2 is impermeable and allows no free fluid passage from outer displacement constrained boundary. They both have the same inner boundary conditions that allow fluid to pass through. Changes in the osteocyte shape altered the maximum value of pressure gradient (PG), pore pressure (PP), fluid velocity (FV), and fluid shear stress (FSS) relative to the reference model (spherical osteocytes). The maximum PG, PP, FV, and FSS in BC2 were nearly 100% larger than those in BC1, respectively. It is found that the BC1 was closer to the real physiological environment. The fluid flow along different directions in the elongated osteocyte model was more evident than that in other models, which may have been due to the large difference in permeability along different directions. Changes in osteocyte shape significantly affect the degrees of anisotropy of fluid flow and porous media of the osteon. The model presented in this study can accurately quantify fluid flow in the lacunar-canalicular network. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2022/3935803 |
| format | Article |
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We calculated the number and distribution of bone canaliculi around the osteocytes based on the varying shapes of osteocytes. We then used these calculated parameters and other bone microstructure data to estimate the anisotropy permeability of the lacunar-canalicular network. Poroelastic finite element models of the osteon were established, and the influence of the osteocyte shape on the fluid flow properties of osteons under an axial displacement load was analyzed. Two types of boundary conditions (BC) that might occur in physiological environments were considered on the cement line of the osteon. BC1 allows free fluid passage from the outer elastic restraint boundary, and BC2 is impermeable and allows no free fluid passage from outer displacement constrained boundary. They both have the same inner boundary conditions that allow fluid to pass through. Changes in the osteocyte shape altered the maximum value of pressure gradient (PG), pore pressure (PP), fluid velocity (FV), and fluid shear stress (FSS) relative to the reference model (spherical osteocytes). The maximum PG, PP, FV, and FSS in BC2 were nearly 100% larger than those in BC1, respectively. It is found that the BC1 was closer to the real physiological environment. The fluid flow along different directions in the elongated osteocyte model was more evident than that in other models, which may have been due to the large difference in permeability along different directions. Changes in osteocyte shape significantly affect the degrees of anisotropy of fluid flow and porous media of the osteon. The model presented in this study can accurately quantify fluid flow in the lacunar-canalicular network.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2022/3935803</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35677099</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Hindawi</publisher><subject>Anisotropy ; Biomedical materials ; Bone and Bones ; Bone cells ; Bones ; Boundary conditions ; Eigenvalues ; Elastic restraints ; Finite element method ; Fluid dynamics ; Fluid flow ; Haversian System - physiology ; Mathematical models ; Mechanical properties ; Mechanical stimuli ; Morphology ; Osteocytes ; Osteocytes - physiology ; Osteons ; Permeability ; Physiological aspects ; Physiological research ; Physiology ; Pore pressure ; Porosity ; Porous media ; Porous media flow ; Shape effects ; Shear (Mechanics) ; Shear stress ; Stress, Mechanical</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2022, Vol.2022 (1), p.3935803-3935803</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2022 Fengjian Yang et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 Fengjian Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 Fengjian Yang et al. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3483-c083f3aca8172c3bbc98961d5f4d1d91c0d823a1e52af6f33160738bf294ab273</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6253-576X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9170394/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9170394/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,4010,27900,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35677099$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Leo, Hwa Liang</contributor><contributor>Hwa Liang Leo</contributor><creatorcontrib>Yang, Fengjian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Weilun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huo, Xuyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hongliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Qiuju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Xiaohang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Nianqiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Xiaogang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Weiyi</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Osteocyte Shape on Fluid Flow and Fluid Shear Stress of the Loaded Bone</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>This study was conducted to better understand the specific behavior of the intraosseous fluid flow. We calculated the number and distribution of bone canaliculi around the osteocytes based on the varying shapes of osteocytes. We then used these calculated parameters and other bone microstructure data to estimate the anisotropy permeability of the lacunar-canalicular network. Poroelastic finite element models of the osteon were established, and the influence of the osteocyte shape on the fluid flow properties of osteons under an axial displacement load was analyzed. Two types of boundary conditions (BC) that might occur in physiological environments were considered on the cement line of the osteon. BC1 allows free fluid passage from the outer elastic restraint boundary, and BC2 is impermeable and allows no free fluid passage from outer displacement constrained boundary. They both have the same inner boundary conditions that allow fluid to pass through. Changes in the osteocyte shape altered the maximum value of pressure gradient (PG), pore pressure (PP), fluid velocity (FV), and fluid shear stress (FSS) relative to the reference model (spherical osteocytes). The maximum PG, PP, FV, and FSS in BC2 were nearly 100% larger than those in BC1, respectively. It is found that the BC1 was closer to the real physiological environment. The fluid flow along different directions in the elongated osteocyte model was more evident than that in other models, which may have been due to the large difference in permeability along different directions. Changes in osteocyte shape significantly affect the degrees of anisotropy of fluid flow and porous media of the osteon. The model presented in this study can accurately quantify fluid flow in the lacunar-canalicular network.</description><subject>Anisotropy</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Bone and Bones</subject><subject>Bone cells</subject><subject>Bones</subject><subject>Boundary conditions</subject><subject>Eigenvalues</subject><subject>Elastic restraints</subject><subject>Finite element method</subject><subject>Fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Fluid flow</subject><subject>Haversian System - physiology</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Mechanical stimuli</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Osteocytes</subject><subject>Osteocytes - physiology</subject><subject>Osteons</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiological research</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Pore pressure</subject><subject>Porosity</subject><subject>Porous media</subject><subject>Porous media flow</subject><subject>Shape effects</subject><subject>Shear (Mechanics)</subject><subject>Shear stress</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><issn>2314-6133</issn><issn>2314-6141</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUFr3DAQhUVpaEKaW8_F0Euh3UbSyLJ1KaQhSQsLgWx7FrI0ih281layE_LvK2e3S5tDdBhp0DdPM3qEvGP0C2Nlecop56egoKwpvCJHHJhYSCbY6_0Z4JCcpHRH86qZpEq-IYdQyqqiSh2Rmwvv0Y6pCL64TiMG-zhisWrNBoswFJf91Lkcw0NhBrdLVy2aWKzGiOmpbmyxWAbj0BXfwoBvyYE3fcKT3X5Mfl1e_Dz_vlheX_04P1suLIgaFpbW4MFYU7OKW2gaq2olmSu9cMwpZqmrORiGJTdeeoDcfAV147kSpuEVHJOvW93N1KzRWRzGaHq9id3axEcdTKf_vxm6Vt-Ge61YRUGJLPBxJxDD7wnTqNddstj3ZsAwJc1lJapSCAoZ_fAMvQtTHPJ4M1UKkCx_9Z66NT3qbvAhv2tnUX1WUalAlfVMfd5SNoaUIvp9y4zq2VU9u6p3rmb8_b9j7uG_Hmbg0xZou8GZh-5luT8a8KZQ</recordid><startdate>2022</startdate><enddate>2022</enddate><creator>Yang, Fengjian</creator><creator>Yu, Weilun</creator><creator>Huo, Xuyang</creator><creator>Li, Hongliang</creator><creator>Qi, Qiuju</creator><creator>Yang, Xiaohang</creator><creator>Shi, Nianqiu</creator><creator>Wu, Xiaogang</creator><creator>Chen, Weiyi</creator><general>Hindawi</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CWDGH</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-576X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2022</creationdate><title>Effects of Osteocyte Shape on Fluid Flow and Fluid Shear Stress of the Loaded Bone</title><author>Yang, Fengjian ; Yu, Weilun ; Huo, Xuyang ; Li, Hongliang ; Qi, Qiuju ; Yang, Xiaohang ; Shi, Nianqiu ; Wu, Xiaogang ; Chen, Weiyi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3483-c083f3aca8172c3bbc98961d5f4d1d91c0d823a1e52af6f33160738bf294ab273</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Anisotropy</topic><topic>Biomedical materials</topic><topic>Bone and Bones</topic><topic>Bone cells</topic><topic>Bones</topic><topic>Boundary conditions</topic><topic>Eigenvalues</topic><topic>Elastic restraints</topic><topic>Finite element method</topic><topic>Fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Fluid flow</topic><topic>Haversian System - physiology</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Mechanical stimuli</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Osteocytes</topic><topic>Osteocytes - physiology</topic><topic>Osteons</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Physiological research</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Pore pressure</topic><topic>Porosity</topic><topic>Porous media</topic><topic>Porous media flow</topic><topic>Shape effects</topic><topic>Shear (Mechanics)</topic><topic>Shear stress</topic><topic>Stress, Mechanical</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yang, Fengjian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Weilun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huo, Xuyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hongliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Qiuju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Xiaohang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Nianqiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Xiaogang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Weiyi</creatorcontrib><collection>Hindawi Publishing Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Middle East & Africa Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yang, Fengjian</au><au>Yu, Weilun</au><au>Huo, Xuyang</au><au>Li, Hongliang</au><au>Qi, Qiuju</au><au>Yang, Xiaohang</au><au>Shi, Nianqiu</au><au>Wu, Xiaogang</au><au>Chen, Weiyi</au><au>Leo, Hwa Liang</au><au>Hwa Liang Leo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of Osteocyte Shape on Fluid Flow and Fluid Shear Stress of the Loaded Bone</atitle><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><date>2022</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>2022</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>3935803</spage><epage>3935803</epage><pages>3935803-3935803</pages><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>This study was conducted to better understand the specific behavior of the intraosseous fluid flow. We calculated the number and distribution of bone canaliculi around the osteocytes based on the varying shapes of osteocytes. We then used these calculated parameters and other bone microstructure data to estimate the anisotropy permeability of the lacunar-canalicular network. Poroelastic finite element models of the osteon were established, and the influence of the osteocyte shape on the fluid flow properties of osteons under an axial displacement load was analyzed. Two types of boundary conditions (BC) that might occur in physiological environments were considered on the cement line of the osteon. BC1 allows free fluid passage from the outer elastic restraint boundary, and BC2 is impermeable and allows no free fluid passage from outer displacement constrained boundary. They both have the same inner boundary conditions that allow fluid to pass through. Changes in the osteocyte shape altered the maximum value of pressure gradient (PG), pore pressure (PP), fluid velocity (FV), and fluid shear stress (FSS) relative to the reference model (spherical osteocytes). The maximum PG, PP, FV, and FSS in BC2 were nearly 100% larger than those in BC1, respectively. It is found that the BC1 was closer to the real physiological environment. The fluid flow along different directions in the elongated osteocyte model was more evident than that in other models, which may have been due to the large difference in permeability along different directions. Changes in osteocyte shape significantly affect the degrees of anisotropy of fluid flow and porous media of the osteon. The model presented in this study can accurately quantify fluid flow in the lacunar-canalicular network.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Hindawi</pub><pmid>35677099</pmid><doi>10.1155/2022/3935803</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-576X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anisotropy Biomedical materials Bone and Bones Bone cells Bones Boundary conditions Eigenvalues Elastic restraints Finite element method Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Haversian System - physiology Mathematical models Mechanical properties Mechanical stimuli Morphology Osteocytes Osteocytes - physiology Osteons Permeability Physiological aspects Physiological research Physiology Pore pressure Porosity Porous media Porous media flow Shape effects Shear (Mechanics) Shear stress Stress, Mechanical |
| title | Effects of Osteocyte Shape on Fluid Flow and Fluid Shear Stress of the Loaded Bone |
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