Influence of hempseed cake inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and blood parameters in finishing heifers
Abstract As the hemp industry continues to develop in the United States, there is an increasing interest in feeding byproducts of industrial hemp production to livestock. A completely randomized design experiment using crossbred finishing heifers (initial body weight [BW] ± SE = 494 ± 10 kg) was con...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of animal science 2022-06, Vol.100 (6) |
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| creator | Winders, Thomas M Serum, Eric M Smith, David J Neville, Bryan W Mia, Golam K Amat, Samat Dahlen, Carl R Swanson, Kendall C |
| description | Abstract
As the hemp industry continues to develop in the United States, there is an increasing interest in feeding byproducts of industrial hemp production to livestock. A completely randomized design experiment using crossbred finishing heifers (initial body weight [BW] ± SE = 494 ± 10 kg) was conducted to determine the effects of feeding hempseed cake in a corn-based finishing diet (10% forage) formulated to meet or exceed ruminally degradable and metabolizable protein requirements on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and plasma parameters. Dietary treatments were the inclusion of 20% (dry matter [DM] basis) of dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS, n = 16) or hempseed cake (HEMP, n = 15). Cattle were housed in two pens, had ad libitum access to feed and water, and individual intakes and feeding behavior were monitored using the Insentec feeding system. Cattle were fed treatment diets for 111 d, and every 14 d BW were measured and blood samples were collected. Blood plasma was analyzed for glucose, urea nitrogen, and individual amino acids, and results were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis in SAS. Final BW, average daily gain, gain:feed, and hot carcass weight decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by 2.3%, 7.7%, 7.7%, and 2.6%, respectively, in heifers fed the HEMP diet than in heifers fed the DDGS diet. Net energy for maintenance and gain (Mcal/kg of feed, DM basis), estimated based on heifer intake and performance, were greater (P = 0.02) for the DDGS diet than for the HEMP diet. All other performance and carcass characteristics were not different (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments. Heifers fed the HEMP diet had greater (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jas/skac159 |
| format | Article |
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As the hemp industry continues to develop in the United States, there is an increasing interest in feeding byproducts of industrial hemp production to livestock. A completely randomized design experiment using crossbred finishing heifers (initial body weight [BW] ± SE = 494 ± 10 kg) was conducted to determine the effects of feeding hempseed cake in a corn-based finishing diet (10% forage) formulated to meet or exceed ruminally degradable and metabolizable protein requirements on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and plasma parameters. Dietary treatments were the inclusion of 20% (dry matter [DM] basis) of dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS, n = 16) or hempseed cake (HEMP, n = 15). Cattle were housed in two pens, had ad libitum access to feed and water, and individual intakes and feeding behavior were monitored using the Insentec feeding system. Cattle were fed treatment diets for 111 d, and every 14 d BW were measured and blood samples were collected. Blood plasma was analyzed for glucose, urea nitrogen, and individual amino acids, and results were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis in SAS. Final BW, average daily gain, gain:feed, and hot carcass weight decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by 2.3%, 7.7%, 7.7%, and 2.6%, respectively, in heifers fed the HEMP diet than in heifers fed the DDGS diet. Net energy for maintenance and gain (Mcal/kg of feed, DM basis), estimated based on heifer intake and performance, were greater (P = 0.02) for the DDGS diet than for the HEMP diet. All other performance and carcass characteristics were not different (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments. Heifers fed the HEMP diet had greater (P < 0.05) plasma urea nitrogen concentration in samples from each collection day compared with heifers fed the DDGS diet, although there was a treatment-by-day interaction (P < 0.01) because of variability in the magnitude of treatment differences over time. Plasma glucose concentration was not influenced (P = 0.17) by dietary treatment. Plasma concentrations of total amino acids, nonessential amino acids, and essential amino acids were not different between treatments (P ≥ 0.09), although there were several interactions between treatment and day (P ≤ 0.04) for individual amino acids. These data suggest that hempseed cake has a lower net energy for maintenance and gain relative to DDGS when adequate metabolizable protein is supplied, while still providing adequate nutrition to support the acceptable performance of finishing cattle.
Lay Summary
This experiment evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of hempseed cake in comparison with dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters in finishing heifers. Angus-crossbred heifers were assigned randomly to one of two treatments (20% hempseed cake [HEMP] or 20% DDGS; dry matter basis) and were fed for 111 d until slaughter. Heifers receiving the DDGS treatment had greater final body weights, average daily gain, gain efficiency, dietary concentration of net energy for maintenance and gain, and carcass weight than heifers fed the HEMP treatment. All other carcass characteristics, as well as feeding behavior, were not influenced by treatment. Plasma urea nitrogen was greater in heifers fed the HEMP diet compared with the DDGS diet, while glucose was not influenced by treatment. Several plasma amino acid concentrations were influenced by treatment. Although the inclusion of hempseed cake decreased growth performance, it could be a viable alternative feed source for cattle.
Hempseed cake has the potential for use as an alternative feedstuff for cattle finishing diets.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac159</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35511706</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Amino Acids ; Animal Feed - analysis ; Animals ; Blood plasma ; Body weight ; Carcasses ; Cattle ; Corn ; Diet ; Diet - veterinary ; Dry matter ; Edible Grain - chemistry ; Feeding ; Feeding Behavior ; Feeds ; Female ; Finishing ; Glucose ; Hemp ; Industrial development ; Livestock ; Maintenance ; Nitrogen ; Nutrition ; Parameters ; Plasma ; Proteins ; Ruminant Nutrition ; Urea ; Urea - analysis ; Ureas ; Zea mays - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Journal of animal science, 2022-06, Vol.100 (6)</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. 2022</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-1c71f39e6ce3b7a01a9860ad94da31115d3201a5d52cf9a1aa327a90aad792293</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-1c71f39e6ce3b7a01a9860ad94da31115d3201a5d52cf9a1aa327a90aad792293</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5694-4778 ; 0000-0002-4556-4315</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9169985/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9169985/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,1584,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35511706$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Winders, Thomas M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serum, Eric M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neville, Bryan W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mia, Golam K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amat, Samat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dahlen, Carl R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swanson, Kendall C</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of hempseed cake inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and blood parameters in finishing heifers</title><title>Journal of animal science</title><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><description>Abstract
As the hemp industry continues to develop in the United States, there is an increasing interest in feeding byproducts of industrial hemp production to livestock. A completely randomized design experiment using crossbred finishing heifers (initial body weight [BW] ± SE = 494 ± 10 kg) was conducted to determine the effects of feeding hempseed cake in a corn-based finishing diet (10% forage) formulated to meet or exceed ruminally degradable and metabolizable protein requirements on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and plasma parameters. Dietary treatments were the inclusion of 20% (dry matter [DM] basis) of dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS, n = 16) or hempseed cake (HEMP, n = 15). Cattle were housed in two pens, had ad libitum access to feed and water, and individual intakes and feeding behavior were monitored using the Insentec feeding system. Cattle were fed treatment diets for 111 d, and every 14 d BW were measured and blood samples were collected. Blood plasma was analyzed for glucose, urea nitrogen, and individual amino acids, and results were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis in SAS. Final BW, average daily gain, gain:feed, and hot carcass weight decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by 2.3%, 7.7%, 7.7%, and 2.6%, respectively, in heifers fed the HEMP diet than in heifers fed the DDGS diet. Net energy for maintenance and gain (Mcal/kg of feed, DM basis), estimated based on heifer intake and performance, were greater (P = 0.02) for the DDGS diet than for the HEMP diet. All other performance and carcass characteristics were not different (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments. Heifers fed the HEMP diet had greater (P < 0.05) plasma urea nitrogen concentration in samples from each collection day compared with heifers fed the DDGS diet, although there was a treatment-by-day interaction (P < 0.01) because of variability in the magnitude of treatment differences over time. Plasma glucose concentration was not influenced (P = 0.17) by dietary treatment. Plasma concentrations of total amino acids, nonessential amino acids, and essential amino acids were not different between treatments (P ≥ 0.09), although there were several interactions between treatment and day (P ≤ 0.04) for individual amino acids. These data suggest that hempseed cake has a lower net energy for maintenance and gain relative to DDGS when adequate metabolizable protein is supplied, while still providing adequate nutrition to support the acceptable performance of finishing cattle.
Lay Summary
This experiment evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of hempseed cake in comparison with dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters in finishing heifers. Angus-crossbred heifers were assigned randomly to one of two treatments (20% hempseed cake [HEMP] or 20% DDGS; dry matter basis) and were fed for 111 d until slaughter. Heifers receiving the DDGS treatment had greater final body weights, average daily gain, gain efficiency, dietary concentration of net energy for maintenance and gain, and carcass weight than heifers fed the HEMP treatment. All other carcass characteristics, as well as feeding behavior, were not influenced by treatment. Plasma urea nitrogen was greater in heifers fed the HEMP diet compared with the DDGS diet, while glucose was not influenced by treatment. Several plasma amino acid concentrations were influenced by treatment. Although the inclusion of hempseed cake decreased growth performance, it could be a viable alternative feed source for cattle.
Hempseed cake has the potential for use as an alternative feedstuff for cattle finishing diets.</description><subject>Amino Acids</subject><subject>Animal Feed - analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Blood plasma</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Carcasses</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Diet - veterinary</subject><subject>Dry matter</subject><subject>Edible Grain - chemistry</subject><subject>Feeding</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>Feeds</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Finishing</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Hemp</subject><subject>Industrial development</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Maintenance</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Ruminant Nutrition</subject><subject>Urea</subject><subject>Urea - analysis</subject><subject>Ureas</subject><subject>Zea mays - chemistry</subject><issn>0021-8812</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90c9rFDEUB_Agil2rJ-8SEERwx-Ylm5nJpSDFH4WCFz2Ht5lkJ9uZZExmKv4X_ZObsmtRD0Ig8PLJNy88Ql4Cew9MibM95rN8jQakekRWILmsBNTiMVkxxqFqW-An5FnOe8aASyWfkhMhJUDD6hW5vQxuWGwwlkZHeztO2dqOGry21AczLNnHQMvapfhz7ulkk4tpxHJhXVQymDM1PSY0s00-z97kNXUlw4cd3doeb3xMa4qho9shxo5OxY624FweoM4Hn_t721vvSvE5eeJwyPbFcT8l3z99_Hbxpbr6-vny4sNVZTYbNldgGnBC2dpYsW2QAaq2ZtipTYcCAGQneCnKTnLjFAKi4A0qhtg1inMlTsn5IXdatqPtjA1zwkFPyY-YfumIXv99Enyvd_FGK6iVamUJeHsMSPHHYvOsR5-NHQYMNi5Z87pmwJhkvNDX_9B9XFIo3yuqkbyFBqCodwdlUsw5WffQDDB9P2ldJq2Pky761Z_9P9jfoy3gzQHEZfpv0h3pWrXY</recordid><startdate>20220601</startdate><enddate>20220601</enddate><creator>Winders, Thomas M</creator><creator>Serum, Eric M</creator><creator>Smith, David J</creator><creator>Neville, Bryan W</creator><creator>Mia, Golam K</creator><creator>Amat, Samat</creator><creator>Dahlen, Carl R</creator><creator>Swanson, Kendall C</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-4778</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-4315</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220601</creationdate><title>Influence of hempseed cake inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and blood parameters in finishing heifers</title><author>Winders, Thomas M ; Serum, Eric M ; Smith, David J ; Neville, Bryan W ; Mia, Golam K ; Amat, Samat ; Dahlen, Carl R ; Swanson, Kendall C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-1c71f39e6ce3b7a01a9860ad94da31115d3201a5d52cf9a1aa327a90aad792293</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Amino Acids</topic><topic>Animal Feed - analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Blood plasma</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Carcasses</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Diet - veterinary</topic><topic>Dry matter</topic><topic>Edible Grain - chemistry</topic><topic>Feeding</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior</topic><topic>Feeds</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Finishing</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Hemp</topic><topic>Industrial development</topic><topic>Livestock</topic><topic>Maintenance</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Plasma</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Ruminant Nutrition</topic><topic>Urea</topic><topic>Urea - analysis</topic><topic>Ureas</topic><topic>Zea mays - chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Winders, Thomas M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serum, Eric M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neville, Bryan W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mia, Golam K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amat, Samat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dahlen, Carl R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swanson, Kendall C</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Winders, Thomas M</au><au>Serum, Eric M</au><au>Smith, David J</au><au>Neville, Bryan W</au><au>Mia, Golam K</au><au>Amat, Samat</au><au>Dahlen, Carl R</au><au>Swanson, Kendall C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of hempseed cake inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and blood parameters in finishing heifers</atitle><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><date>2022-06-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>100</volume><issue>6</issue><issn>0021-8812</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><eissn>1525-3163</eissn><abstract>Abstract
As the hemp industry continues to develop in the United States, there is an increasing interest in feeding byproducts of industrial hemp production to livestock. A completely randomized design experiment using crossbred finishing heifers (initial body weight [BW] ± SE = 494 ± 10 kg) was conducted to determine the effects of feeding hempseed cake in a corn-based finishing diet (10% forage) formulated to meet or exceed ruminally degradable and metabolizable protein requirements on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and plasma parameters. Dietary treatments were the inclusion of 20% (dry matter [DM] basis) of dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS, n = 16) or hempseed cake (HEMP, n = 15). Cattle were housed in two pens, had ad libitum access to feed and water, and individual intakes and feeding behavior were monitored using the Insentec feeding system. Cattle were fed treatment diets for 111 d, and every 14 d BW were measured and blood samples were collected. Blood plasma was analyzed for glucose, urea nitrogen, and individual amino acids, and results were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis in SAS. Final BW, average daily gain, gain:feed, and hot carcass weight decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by 2.3%, 7.7%, 7.7%, and 2.6%, respectively, in heifers fed the HEMP diet than in heifers fed the DDGS diet. Net energy for maintenance and gain (Mcal/kg of feed, DM basis), estimated based on heifer intake and performance, were greater (P = 0.02) for the DDGS diet than for the HEMP diet. All other performance and carcass characteristics were not different (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments. Heifers fed the HEMP diet had greater (P < 0.05) plasma urea nitrogen concentration in samples from each collection day compared with heifers fed the DDGS diet, although there was a treatment-by-day interaction (P < 0.01) because of variability in the magnitude of treatment differences over time. Plasma glucose concentration was not influenced (P = 0.17) by dietary treatment. Plasma concentrations of total amino acids, nonessential amino acids, and essential amino acids were not different between treatments (P ≥ 0.09), although there were several interactions between treatment and day (P ≤ 0.04) for individual amino acids. These data suggest that hempseed cake has a lower net energy for maintenance and gain relative to DDGS when adequate metabolizable protein is supplied, while still providing adequate nutrition to support the acceptable performance of finishing cattle.
Lay Summary
This experiment evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of hempseed cake in comparison with dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters in finishing heifers. Angus-crossbred heifers were assigned randomly to one of two treatments (20% hempseed cake [HEMP] or 20% DDGS; dry matter basis) and were fed for 111 d until slaughter. Heifers receiving the DDGS treatment had greater final body weights, average daily gain, gain efficiency, dietary concentration of net energy for maintenance and gain, and carcass weight than heifers fed the HEMP treatment. All other carcass characteristics, as well as feeding behavior, were not influenced by treatment. Plasma urea nitrogen was greater in heifers fed the HEMP diet compared with the DDGS diet, while glucose was not influenced by treatment. Several plasma amino acid concentrations were influenced by treatment. Although the inclusion of hempseed cake decreased growth performance, it could be a viable alternative feed source for cattle.
Hempseed cake has the potential for use as an alternative feedstuff for cattle finishing diets.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>35511706</pmid><doi>10.1093/jas/skac159</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-4778</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-4315</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Amino Acids Animal Feed - analysis Animals Blood plasma Body weight Carcasses Cattle Corn Diet Diet - veterinary Dry matter Edible Grain - chemistry Feeding Feeding Behavior Feeds Female Finishing Glucose Hemp Industrial development Livestock Maintenance Nitrogen Nutrition Parameters Plasma Proteins Ruminant Nutrition Urea Urea - analysis Ureas Zea mays - chemistry |
| title | Influence of hempseed cake inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and blood parameters in finishing heifers |
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