Influence of Multiple Thermomechanical Processing of 3D Filaments Based on Polylactic Acid and Polyhydroxybutyrate on Their Rheological and Utility Properties

This study focused on material recycling of a biodegradable blend based on PLA and PHB for multiple applications of biodegradable polymeric material under real conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of multiple processing of a biodegradable polymer blend under the trade name NONOILEN...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Polymers 2022-05, Vol.14 (10), p.1947
Hauptverfasser: Plavec, Roderik, Horváth, Vojtech, Hlaváčiková, Slávka, Omaníková, Leona, Repiská, Martina, Medlenová, Elena, Feranc, Jozef, Kruželák, Ján, Přikryl, Radek, Figalla, Silvestr, Kontárová, Soňa, Baco, Andrej, Danišová, Lucia, Vanovčanová, Zuzana, Alexy, Pavol
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page
container_issue 10
container_start_page 1947
container_title Polymers
container_volume 14
creator Plavec, Roderik
Horváth, Vojtech
Hlaváčiková, Slávka
Omaníková, Leona
Repiská, Martina
Medlenová, Elena
Feranc, Jozef
Kruželák, Ján
Přikryl, Radek
Figalla, Silvestr
Kontárová, Soňa
Baco, Andrej
Danišová, Lucia
Vanovčanová, Zuzana
Alexy, Pavol
description This study focused on material recycling of a biodegradable blend based on PLA and PHB for multiple applications of biodegradable polymeric material under real conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of multiple processing of a biodegradable polymer blend under the trade name NONOILEN , which was processed under laboratory as well as industrial conditions. In this article, we report on testing the effect of blending and multiple processing on thermomechanical stability, molecular characteristics, as well as thermophysical and mechanical properties of experimental- and industrial-type tested material suitable for FDM 3D technology. The results showed that the studied material degraded during blending and subsequently during multiple processing. Even after partial degradation, which was demonstrated by a decrease in average molecular weight and a decrease in complex viscosity in the process of multiple reprocessing, there was no significant change in the material's thermophysical properties, either in laboratory or industrial conditions. There was also no negative impact on the strength characteristics of multiple processed samples. The results of this work show that a biodegradable polymer blend based on PLA and PHB is a suitable candidate for material recycling even in industrial processing conditions. In addition, the results suggest that the biodegradable polymeric material NONOILEN 3D 3056-2 is suitable for multiple uses in FDM technology.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/polym14101947
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9143941</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2670347475</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c345t-7ae478ea5d22a3008abbc1d5f93878064e9997eebc0057a24f306ea8248783913</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkctu1jAQhS0EolXpki2yxIZNqB07cbxBKoVCpSIq1K4jx5n8ceXYwXYq8jI8K05vavFmrJlPZ-boIPSWko-MSXI0e7tOlFNCJRcv0H5JBCs4q8nLJ_89dBjjNcmPV3VNxWu0x6qa0YaRffT3zA12AacB-wH_WGwyswV8OUKY_AR6VM5oZfFF8BpiNG63cewLPjVWTeBSxJ9VhB57hy_yNVbpZDQ-1qbHyvW3vXHtg_-zdktag0qwoVnfBPxrBG_97nbBBl8lY01at2UzhGQgvkGvBmUjHN7XA3R1-vXy5Htx_vPb2cnxeaEZr1IhFHDRgKr6slSMkEZ1naZ9NUjWiIbUHKSUAqDThFRClXxgpAbVlDyPmaTsAH26052XboJeZ2NB2XYOZlJhbb0y7fOJM2O78zetpJxJvgl8uBcI_vcCMbWTiRqsVQ78EtuyFrQUtOEko-__Q6_9Ely2t1GEccFFlanijtLBxxhgeDyGknYLv30WfubfPXXwSD9Ezf4BXY6uNg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2670347475</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Influence of Multiple Thermomechanical Processing of 3D Filaments Based on Polylactic Acid and Polyhydroxybutyrate on Their Rheological and Utility Properties</title><source>PubMed Central (Open Access)</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Plavec, Roderik ; Horváth, Vojtech ; Hlaváčiková, Slávka ; Omaníková, Leona ; Repiská, Martina ; Medlenová, Elena ; Feranc, Jozef ; Kruželák, Ján ; Přikryl, Radek ; Figalla, Silvestr ; Kontárová, Soňa ; Baco, Andrej ; Danišová, Lucia ; Vanovčanová, Zuzana ; Alexy, Pavol</creator><creatorcontrib>Plavec, Roderik ; Horváth, Vojtech ; Hlaváčiková, Slávka ; Omaníková, Leona ; Repiská, Martina ; Medlenová, Elena ; Feranc, Jozef ; Kruželák, Ján ; Přikryl, Radek ; Figalla, Silvestr ; Kontárová, Soňa ; Baco, Andrej ; Danišová, Lucia ; Vanovčanová, Zuzana ; Alexy, Pavol</creatorcontrib><description>This study focused on material recycling of a biodegradable blend based on PLA and PHB for multiple applications of biodegradable polymeric material under real conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of multiple processing of a biodegradable polymer blend under the trade name NONOILEN , which was processed under laboratory as well as industrial conditions. In this article, we report on testing the effect of blending and multiple processing on thermomechanical stability, molecular characteristics, as well as thermophysical and mechanical properties of experimental- and industrial-type tested material suitable for FDM 3D technology. The results showed that the studied material degraded during blending and subsequently during multiple processing. Even after partial degradation, which was demonstrated by a decrease in average molecular weight and a decrease in complex viscosity in the process of multiple reprocessing, there was no significant change in the material's thermophysical properties, either in laboratory or industrial conditions. There was also no negative impact on the strength characteristics of multiple processed samples. The results of this work show that a biodegradable polymer blend based on PLA and PHB is a suitable candidate for material recycling even in industrial processing conditions. In addition, the results suggest that the biodegradable polymeric material NONOILEN 3D 3056-2 is suitable for multiple uses in FDM technology.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym14101947</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35631830</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>3-D printers ; Additive manufacturing ; Biocompatibility ; Biodegradability ; Biodegradable materials ; Biomedical materials ; Bioplastics ; Biopolymers ; Blending effects ; Filaments ; Flexibility ; Hydrogels ; Impact strength ; Mechanical properties ; Molecular weight ; Plastics ; Polyhydroxybutyrate ; Polylactic acid ; Polymer blends ; Polymers ; Recycling ; Reprocessing ; Rheological properties ; Rheology ; Thermomechanical properties ; Thermomechanical treatment ; Thermophysical properties ; Tissue engineering</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2022-05, Vol.14 (10), p.1947</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c345t-7ae478ea5d22a3008abbc1d5f93878064e9997eebc0057a24f306ea8248783913</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c345t-7ae478ea5d22a3008abbc1d5f93878064e9997eebc0057a24f306ea8248783913</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7811-9840 ; 0000-0002-7525-9610 ; 0000-0002-2583-1260</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9143941/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9143941/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35631830$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Plavec, Roderik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horváth, Vojtech</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hlaváčiková, Slávka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Omaníková, Leona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Repiská, Martina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Medlenová, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feranc, Jozef</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kruželák, Ján</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Přikryl, Radek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Figalla, Silvestr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kontárová, Soňa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baco, Andrej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Danišová, Lucia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vanovčanová, Zuzana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexy, Pavol</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of Multiple Thermomechanical Processing of 3D Filaments Based on Polylactic Acid and Polyhydroxybutyrate on Their Rheological and Utility Properties</title><title>Polymers</title><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><description>This study focused on material recycling of a biodegradable blend based on PLA and PHB for multiple applications of biodegradable polymeric material under real conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of multiple processing of a biodegradable polymer blend under the trade name NONOILEN , which was processed under laboratory as well as industrial conditions. In this article, we report on testing the effect of blending and multiple processing on thermomechanical stability, molecular characteristics, as well as thermophysical and mechanical properties of experimental- and industrial-type tested material suitable for FDM 3D technology. The results showed that the studied material degraded during blending and subsequently during multiple processing. Even after partial degradation, which was demonstrated by a decrease in average molecular weight and a decrease in complex viscosity in the process of multiple reprocessing, there was no significant change in the material's thermophysical properties, either in laboratory or industrial conditions. There was also no negative impact on the strength characteristics of multiple processed samples. The results of this work show that a biodegradable polymer blend based on PLA and PHB is a suitable candidate for material recycling even in industrial processing conditions. In addition, the results suggest that the biodegradable polymeric material NONOILEN 3D 3056-2 is suitable for multiple uses in FDM technology.</description><subject>3-D printers</subject><subject>Additive manufacturing</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biodegradability</subject><subject>Biodegradable materials</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Bioplastics</subject><subject>Biopolymers</subject><subject>Blending effects</subject><subject>Filaments</subject><subject>Flexibility</subject><subject>Hydrogels</subject><subject>Impact strength</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Molecular weight</subject><subject>Plastics</subject><subject>Polyhydroxybutyrate</subject><subject>Polylactic acid</subject><subject>Polymer blends</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Recycling</subject><subject>Reprocessing</subject><subject>Rheological properties</subject><subject>Rheology</subject><subject>Thermomechanical properties</subject><subject>Thermomechanical treatment</subject><subject>Thermophysical properties</subject><subject>Tissue engineering</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkctu1jAQhS0EolXpki2yxIZNqB07cbxBKoVCpSIq1K4jx5n8ceXYwXYq8jI8K05vavFmrJlPZ-boIPSWko-MSXI0e7tOlFNCJRcv0H5JBCs4q8nLJ_89dBjjNcmPV3VNxWu0x6qa0YaRffT3zA12AacB-wH_WGwyswV8OUKY_AR6VM5oZfFF8BpiNG63cewLPjVWTeBSxJ9VhB57hy_yNVbpZDQ-1qbHyvW3vXHtg_-zdktag0qwoVnfBPxrBG_97nbBBl8lY01at2UzhGQgvkGvBmUjHN7XA3R1-vXy5Htx_vPb2cnxeaEZr1IhFHDRgKr6slSMkEZ1naZ9NUjWiIbUHKSUAqDThFRClXxgpAbVlDyPmaTsAH26052XboJeZ2NB2XYOZlJhbb0y7fOJM2O78zetpJxJvgl8uBcI_vcCMbWTiRqsVQ78EtuyFrQUtOEko-__Q6_9Ely2t1GEccFFlanijtLBxxhgeDyGknYLv30WfubfPXXwSD9Ezf4BXY6uNg</recordid><startdate>20220511</startdate><enddate>20220511</enddate><creator>Plavec, Roderik</creator><creator>Horváth, Vojtech</creator><creator>Hlaváčiková, Slávka</creator><creator>Omaníková, Leona</creator><creator>Repiská, Martina</creator><creator>Medlenová, Elena</creator><creator>Feranc, Jozef</creator><creator>Kruželák, Ján</creator><creator>Přikryl, Radek</creator><creator>Figalla, Silvestr</creator><creator>Kontárová, Soňa</creator><creator>Baco, Andrej</creator><creator>Danišová, Lucia</creator><creator>Vanovčanová, Zuzana</creator><creator>Alexy, Pavol</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-9840</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7525-9610</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-1260</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220511</creationdate><title>Influence of Multiple Thermomechanical Processing of 3D Filaments Based on Polylactic Acid and Polyhydroxybutyrate on Their Rheological and Utility Properties</title><author>Plavec, Roderik ; Horváth, Vojtech ; Hlaváčiková, Slávka ; Omaníková, Leona ; Repiská, Martina ; Medlenová, Elena ; Feranc, Jozef ; Kruželák, Ján ; Přikryl, Radek ; Figalla, Silvestr ; Kontárová, Soňa ; Baco, Andrej ; Danišová, Lucia ; Vanovčanová, Zuzana ; Alexy, Pavol</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c345t-7ae478ea5d22a3008abbc1d5f93878064e9997eebc0057a24f306ea8248783913</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>3-D printers</topic><topic>Additive manufacturing</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Biodegradability</topic><topic>Biodegradable materials</topic><topic>Biomedical materials</topic><topic>Bioplastics</topic><topic>Biopolymers</topic><topic>Blending effects</topic><topic>Filaments</topic><topic>Flexibility</topic><topic>Hydrogels</topic><topic>Impact strength</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Molecular weight</topic><topic>Plastics</topic><topic>Polyhydroxybutyrate</topic><topic>Polylactic acid</topic><topic>Polymer blends</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Recycling</topic><topic>Reprocessing</topic><topic>Rheological properties</topic><topic>Rheology</topic><topic>Thermomechanical properties</topic><topic>Thermomechanical treatment</topic><topic>Thermophysical properties</topic><topic>Tissue engineering</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Plavec, Roderik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horváth, Vojtech</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hlaváčiková, Slávka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Omaníková, Leona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Repiská, Martina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Medlenová, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feranc, Jozef</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kruželák, Ján</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Přikryl, Radek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Figalla, Silvestr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kontárová, Soňa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baco, Andrej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Danišová, Lucia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vanovčanová, Zuzana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexy, Pavol</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science &amp; Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>https://resources.nclive.org/materials</collection><collection>Materials science collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Plavec, Roderik</au><au>Horváth, Vojtech</au><au>Hlaváčiková, Slávka</au><au>Omaníková, Leona</au><au>Repiská, Martina</au><au>Medlenová, Elena</au><au>Feranc, Jozef</au><au>Kruželák, Ján</au><au>Přikryl, Radek</au><au>Figalla, Silvestr</au><au>Kontárová, Soňa</au><au>Baco, Andrej</au><au>Danišová, Lucia</au><au>Vanovčanová, Zuzana</au><au>Alexy, Pavol</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of Multiple Thermomechanical Processing of 3D Filaments Based on Polylactic Acid and Polyhydroxybutyrate on Their Rheological and Utility Properties</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2022-05-11</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1947</spage><pages>1947-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>This study focused on material recycling of a biodegradable blend based on PLA and PHB for multiple applications of biodegradable polymeric material under real conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of multiple processing of a biodegradable polymer blend under the trade name NONOILEN , which was processed under laboratory as well as industrial conditions. In this article, we report on testing the effect of blending and multiple processing on thermomechanical stability, molecular characteristics, as well as thermophysical and mechanical properties of experimental- and industrial-type tested material suitable for FDM 3D technology. The results showed that the studied material degraded during blending and subsequently during multiple processing. Even after partial degradation, which was demonstrated by a decrease in average molecular weight and a decrease in complex viscosity in the process of multiple reprocessing, there was no significant change in the material's thermophysical properties, either in laboratory or industrial conditions. There was also no negative impact on the strength characteristics of multiple processed samples. The results of this work show that a biodegradable polymer blend based on PLA and PHB is a suitable candidate for material recycling even in industrial processing conditions. In addition, the results suggest that the biodegradable polymeric material NONOILEN 3D 3056-2 is suitable for multiple uses in FDM technology.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>35631830</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym14101947</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-9840</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7525-9610</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-1260</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2073-4360
ispartof Polymers, 2022-05, Vol.14 (10), p.1947
issn 2073-4360
2073-4360
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9143941
source PubMed Central (Open Access); MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central Open Access
subjects 3-D printers
Additive manufacturing
Biocompatibility
Biodegradability
Biodegradable materials
Biomedical materials
Bioplastics
Biopolymers
Blending effects
Filaments
Flexibility
Hydrogels
Impact strength
Mechanical properties
Molecular weight
Plastics
Polyhydroxybutyrate
Polylactic acid
Polymer blends
Polymers
Recycling
Reprocessing
Rheological properties
Rheology
Thermomechanical properties
Thermomechanical treatment
Thermophysical properties
Tissue engineering
title Influence of Multiple Thermomechanical Processing of 3D Filaments Based on Polylactic Acid and Polyhydroxybutyrate on Their Rheological and Utility Properties
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-01T05%3A40%3A54IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Influence%20of%20Multiple%20Thermomechanical%20Processing%20of%203D%20Filaments%20Based%20on%20Polylactic%20Acid%20and%20Polyhydroxybutyrate%20on%20Their%20Rheological%20and%20Utility%20Properties&rft.jtitle=Polymers&rft.au=Plavec,%20Roderik&rft.date=2022-05-11&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1947&rft.pages=1947-&rft.issn=2073-4360&rft.eissn=2073-4360&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/polym14101947&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2670347475%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2670347475&rft_id=info:pmid/35631830&rfr_iscdi=true