Environmental surveillance of Legionella in tourist facilities of the Balearic Islands, Spain, 2006 to 2010 and 2015 to 2018
BackgroundLegionnaires' disease is a respiratory illness often associated with hotels and travel. Spain is a major tourist destination and one of the European countries with most cases of Legionnaires' disease , both community- and travel-associated. However, the prevalence of in tourist f...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles 2022-05, Vol.27 (21), p.1 |
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| creator | Doménech-Sánchez, Antonio Laso, Elena Berrocal, Clara I Albertí, Sebastián |
| description | BackgroundLegionnaires' disease is a respiratory illness often associated with hotels and travel. Spain is a major tourist destination and one of the European countries with most cases of Legionnaires' disease , both community- and travel-associated. However, the prevalence of
in tourist facilities is unknown.AimThe present investigation aimed to survey the tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands, Spain, for
prevalence.MethodsWe visited tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands in two different periods (2006-2010 and 2015-2018) and took water samples following national and international guidelines.
was investigated by culture methods following international standards (ISO 11731:1998).ResultsWe evaluated 13,472 samples from 465 facilities. Bacteria of the
genus were detected in 65.4% of the surveyed facilities. Contamination of the facilities was significantly higher during the second decade (54.5 vs 78.6%). The most frequent colonisers were
serogroup 2-14. We detected the pathogen in 15.9% and 6.9% of hot and cold water distribution systems samples, respectively. The
contamination rate in cold water systems samples was higher when free chlorine levels were 25 °C temperatures, while in the hot water systems samples, the contamination rate was higher at |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.21.2100769 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9137269</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2671274550</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-965b7f60d9d54b7dcd39790310d0363014b2223d113326836c03a212c388bbe3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdUcGKFDEQDaK46-ovSMCDHnbaSqU76VwUXUZdGPAwew_pdHo3S08yJt0Dgh9v2h2HVQhUUfXeI68eIW8ZVNiCfM8aASupmKzW2woBsUJZISsPQAr1hJyfEE8f9WfkRc73ADUHhc_JGW_EwoBz8msdDj7FsHNhMiPNczo4P44mWEfjQDfu1sfgyoD6QKc4J58nOhjrRz95lxfMdOfoZzM6k7yl17lw-3xJt3vjwyVFAFF4pTKgZbM0zXHQviTPBjNm9-pYL8jNl_XN1bfV5vvX66tPm5WthZpWSjSdHAT0qm_qTva250oq4Ax64IIDqztE5D1jnKNoubDADTK0vG27zvEL8uFBdj93O9fbYjWZUe-T35n0U0fj9b-b4O_0bTxoxbhEoYrAu6NAij9mlye989kuVwkuzlmjkAxl3TRQoG_-g96Xo4Xi7g-KN4whK6iPDyibYs7JDafPMNBL0HqJTi_R6fVWL0FrlBqZPgZdFF4_9nTi_02W_wY7iaG_</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2671351121</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Environmental surveillance of Legionella in tourist facilities of the Balearic Islands, Spain, 2006 to 2010 and 2015 to 2018</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Doménech-Sánchez, Antonio ; Laso, Elena ; Berrocal, Clara I ; Albertí, Sebastián</creator><creatorcontrib>Doménech-Sánchez, Antonio ; Laso, Elena ; Berrocal, Clara I ; Albertí, Sebastián</creatorcontrib><description>BackgroundLegionnaires' disease is a respiratory illness often associated with hotels and travel. Spain is a major tourist destination and one of the European countries with most cases of Legionnaires' disease , both community- and travel-associated. However, the prevalence of
in tourist facilities is unknown.AimThe present investigation aimed to survey the tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands, Spain, for
prevalence.MethodsWe visited tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands in two different periods (2006-2010 and 2015-2018) and took water samples following national and international guidelines.
was investigated by culture methods following international standards (ISO 11731:1998).ResultsWe evaluated 13,472 samples from 465 facilities. Bacteria of the
genus were detected in 65.4% of the surveyed facilities. Contamination of the facilities was significantly higher during the second decade (54.5 vs 78.6%). The most frequent colonisers were
serogroup 2-14. We detected the pathogen in 15.9% and 6.9% of hot and cold water distribution systems samples, respectively. The
contamination rate in cold water systems samples was higher when free chlorine levels were < 0.2 mg/L and at > 25 °C temperatures, while in the hot water systems samples, the contamination rate was higher at < 50 °C. Of the samples from hot tubs, 10.9% were contaminated.Conclusion
prevalence in hotels in the Balearic Islands was high but the contamination rates depended on the installations. Corrective measures are still needed to improve
control.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1560-7917</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1025-496X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1560-7917</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.21.2100769</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35621000</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Sweden: Centre Europeen pour la Surveillance Epidemiologique du SIDA (European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS)</publisher><subject>Disease transmission ; Environmental Monitoring ; Health surveillance ; Humans ; Islands ; Legionella ; Legionnaires' disease ; Legionnaires' Disease - diagnosis ; Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology ; Spain - epidemiology ; Tourist attractions ; Travel ; Water ; Water Microbiology ; Water Supply</subject><ispartof>Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles, 2022-05, Vol.27 (21), p.1</ispartof><rights>Copyright Centre Europeen pour la Surveillance Epidemiologique du SIDA (European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS) May 26, 2022</rights><rights>This article is copyright of the authors or their affiliated institutions, 2022. 2022 The authors or their affiliated institutions</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-965b7f60d9d54b7dcd39790310d0363014b2223d113326836c03a212c388bbe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-965b7f60d9d54b7dcd39790310d0363014b2223d113326836c03a212c388bbe3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0020-6861 ; 0000-0002-7892-8349</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9137269/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9137269/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35621000$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Doménech-Sánchez, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laso, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berrocal, Clara I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albertí, Sebastián</creatorcontrib><title>Environmental surveillance of Legionella in tourist facilities of the Balearic Islands, Spain, 2006 to 2010 and 2015 to 2018</title><title>Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles</title><addtitle>Euro Surveill</addtitle><description>BackgroundLegionnaires' disease is a respiratory illness often associated with hotels and travel. Spain is a major tourist destination and one of the European countries with most cases of Legionnaires' disease , both community- and travel-associated. However, the prevalence of
in tourist facilities is unknown.AimThe present investigation aimed to survey the tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands, Spain, for
prevalence.MethodsWe visited tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands in two different periods (2006-2010 and 2015-2018) and took water samples following national and international guidelines.
was investigated by culture methods following international standards (ISO 11731:1998).ResultsWe evaluated 13,472 samples from 465 facilities. Bacteria of the
genus were detected in 65.4% of the surveyed facilities. Contamination of the facilities was significantly higher during the second decade (54.5 vs 78.6%). The most frequent colonisers were
serogroup 2-14. We detected the pathogen in 15.9% and 6.9% of hot and cold water distribution systems samples, respectively. The
contamination rate in cold water systems samples was higher when free chlorine levels were < 0.2 mg/L and at > 25 °C temperatures, while in the hot water systems samples, the contamination rate was higher at < 50 °C. Of the samples from hot tubs, 10.9% were contaminated.Conclusion
prevalence in hotels in the Balearic Islands was high but the contamination rates depended on the installations. Corrective measures are still needed to improve
control.</description><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Health surveillance</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Islands</subject><subject>Legionella</subject><subject>Legionnaires' disease</subject><subject>Legionnaires' Disease - diagnosis</subject><subject>Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology</subject><subject>Spain - epidemiology</subject><subject>Tourist attractions</subject><subject>Travel</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><subject>Water Supply</subject><issn>1560-7917</issn><issn>1025-496X</issn><issn>1560-7917</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUcGKFDEQDaK46-ovSMCDHnbaSqU76VwUXUZdGPAwew_pdHo3S08yJt0Dgh9v2h2HVQhUUfXeI68eIW8ZVNiCfM8aASupmKzW2woBsUJZISsPQAr1hJyfEE8f9WfkRc73ADUHhc_JGW_EwoBz8msdDj7FsHNhMiPNczo4P44mWEfjQDfu1sfgyoD6QKc4J58nOhjrRz95lxfMdOfoZzM6k7yl17lw-3xJt3vjwyVFAFF4pTKgZbM0zXHQviTPBjNm9-pYL8jNl_XN1bfV5vvX66tPm5WthZpWSjSdHAT0qm_qTva250oq4Ax64IIDqztE5D1jnKNoubDADTK0vG27zvEL8uFBdj93O9fbYjWZUe-T35n0U0fj9b-b4O_0bTxoxbhEoYrAu6NAij9mlye989kuVwkuzlmjkAxl3TRQoG_-g96Xo4Xi7g-KN4whK6iPDyibYs7JDafPMNBL0HqJTi_R6fVWL0FrlBqZPgZdFF4_9nTi_02W_wY7iaG_</recordid><startdate>20220526</startdate><enddate>20220526</enddate><creator>Doménech-Sánchez, Antonio</creator><creator>Laso, Elena</creator><creator>Berrocal, Clara I</creator><creator>Albertí, Sebastián</creator><general>Centre Europeen pour la Surveillance Epidemiologique du SIDA (European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS)</general><general>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-6861</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7892-8349</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220526</creationdate><title>Environmental surveillance of Legionella in tourist facilities of the Balearic Islands, Spain, 2006 to 2010 and 2015 to 2018</title><author>Doménech-Sánchez, Antonio ; Laso, Elena ; Berrocal, Clara I ; Albertí, Sebastián</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-965b7f60d9d54b7dcd39790310d0363014b2223d113326836c03a212c388bbe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Health surveillance</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Islands</topic><topic>Legionella</topic><topic>Legionnaires' disease</topic><topic>Legionnaires' Disease - diagnosis</topic><topic>Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology</topic><topic>Spain - epidemiology</topic><topic>Tourist attractions</topic><topic>Travel</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water Microbiology</topic><topic>Water Supply</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Doménech-Sánchez, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laso, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berrocal, Clara I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albertí, Sebastián</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Doménech-Sánchez, Antonio</au><au>Laso, Elena</au><au>Berrocal, Clara I</au><au>Albertí, Sebastián</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Environmental surveillance of Legionella in tourist facilities of the Balearic Islands, Spain, 2006 to 2010 and 2015 to 2018</atitle><jtitle>Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles</jtitle><addtitle>Euro Surveill</addtitle><date>2022-05-26</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>1</spage><pages>1-</pages><issn>1560-7917</issn><issn>1025-496X</issn><eissn>1560-7917</eissn><abstract>BackgroundLegionnaires' disease is a respiratory illness often associated with hotels and travel. Spain is a major tourist destination and one of the European countries with most cases of Legionnaires' disease , both community- and travel-associated. However, the prevalence of
in tourist facilities is unknown.AimThe present investigation aimed to survey the tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands, Spain, for
prevalence.MethodsWe visited tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands in two different periods (2006-2010 and 2015-2018) and took water samples following national and international guidelines.
was investigated by culture methods following international standards (ISO 11731:1998).ResultsWe evaluated 13,472 samples from 465 facilities. Bacteria of the
genus were detected in 65.4% of the surveyed facilities. Contamination of the facilities was significantly higher during the second decade (54.5 vs 78.6%). The most frequent colonisers were
serogroup 2-14. We detected the pathogen in 15.9% and 6.9% of hot and cold water distribution systems samples, respectively. The
contamination rate in cold water systems samples was higher when free chlorine levels were < 0.2 mg/L and at > 25 °C temperatures, while in the hot water systems samples, the contamination rate was higher at < 50 °C. Of the samples from hot tubs, 10.9% were contaminated.Conclusion
prevalence in hotels in the Balearic Islands was high but the contamination rates depended on the installations. Corrective measures are still needed to improve
control.</abstract><cop>Sweden</cop><pub>Centre Europeen pour la Surveillance Epidemiologique du SIDA (European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS)</pub><pmid>35621000</pmid><doi>10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.21.2100769</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-6861</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7892-8349</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Disease transmission Environmental Monitoring Health surveillance Humans Islands Legionella Legionnaires' disease Legionnaires' Disease - diagnosis Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology Spain - epidemiology Tourist attractions Travel Water Water Microbiology Water Supply |
| title | Environmental surveillance of Legionella in tourist facilities of the Balearic Islands, Spain, 2006 to 2010 and 2015 to 2018 |
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